Science Publishing Group: Hydrology: Table of Contents
<i> Hydrology (HYD) </i>, a peer-reviewed open access journal published bimonthly in English-language, provides a international forum for publishing the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability. It aims to publish definitive and original research papers of high standard, containing material of broad interest and of significant contribution to Hydrology, with emphasis being placed on hydrometeorology, surface hydrology, hydrogeology, drainage basin management and water quality, where water plays the central role.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/hyd Science Publishing Group: Hydrology: Table of Contents
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Hydrology
Hydrology
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Continuous Hydrologic Modeling with HMS in the Aggtelek Karst Region
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.11
Karst aquifers have complex groundwater flow patterns. In Hungary, Aggtelek is one of the best-studied karst regions. Research started in the early 1960’s to study the surface and subsurface hydrology of the region. Data collected included hydro-meteorological measurements, surface flow experiments and analyses, direct and indirect determination of karst infiltration, and water level measurements in karst wells. Between 1959 and 2000, daily measurements were conducted at the 15 largest karst springs. Creating a robust prediction model for this area has been elusive. This paper discusses the development, parameterization and calibration of the soil moisture accounting (SMA) method in the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) for one of the watersheds in this region. Parameters were studied with respect to sensitivity in generating baseline outflows for the watershed. The model was calibrated using a eight-year span of data and five different statistical measures to determine goodness-of-fit. Once calibrated, the model was used to predict baseline flow for other time periods and the results compared to measured data. The model produced reasonable results, but illustrated the need for more refined application of specific parameters.
Karst aquifers have complex groundwater flow patterns. In Hungary, Aggtelek is one of the best-studied karst regions. Research started in the early 1960’s to study the surface and subsurface hydrology of the region. Data collected included hydro-meteorological measurements, surface flow experiments and analyses, direct and indirect determination of karst infiltration, and water level measurements in karst wells. Between 1959 and 2000, daily measurements were conducted at the 15 largest karst springs. Creating a robust prediction model for this area has been elusive. This paper discusses the development, parameterization and calibration of the soil moisture accounting (SMA) method in the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) for one of the watersheds in this region. Parameters were studied with respect to sensitivity in generating baseline outflows for the watershed. The model was calibrated using a eight-year span of data and five different statistical measures to determine goodness-of-fit. Once calibrated, the model was used to predict baseline flow for other time periods and the results compared to measured data. The model produced reasonable results, but illustrated the need for more refined application of specific parameters.
Continuous Hydrologic Modeling with HMS in the Aggtelek Karst Region
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.11
Hydrology
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Robert Koch
Katalin Bene
Continuous Hydrologic Modeling with HMS in the Aggtelek Karst Region
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Removal of Dye by Electrocoagulation Method
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.12
The aim of study was designed to investigate removal of dye (reactive scarlet) by electrocoagulation using tubular iron electrodes. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the operating parameters, such as pH, current density and flow rate on dye and COD removal in the electrocoagulation process. The energy consumptions were also analyzed. COD of the wastewater was reduced from 620.4 to 21.5 mg/L with the removal efficiency of 96.5 % at the current density of 30 mA/cm2, supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.1 M Na2SO4, and flow rate of 200 mL/min. The high dye removal efficiencies were obtained at all experiments. The initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L was reduced to 1.08 mg/L with the removal efficiency of 99.4 % at 30mA/cm2 after 90 min electrocoagulation.
The aim of study was designed to investigate removal of dye (reactive scarlet) by electrocoagulation using tubular iron electrodes. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the operating parameters, such as pH, current density and flow rate on dye and COD removal in the electrocoagulation process. The energy consumptions were also analyzed. COD of the wastewater was reduced from 620.4 to 21.5 mg/L with the removal efficiency of 96.5 % at the current density of 30 mA/cm2, supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.1 M Na2SO4, and flow rate of 200 mL/min. The high dye removal efficiencies were obtained at all experiments. The initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L was reduced to 1.08 mg/L with the removal efficiency of 99.4 % at 30mA/cm2 after 90 min electrocoagulation.
Removal of Dye by Electrocoagulation Method
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.12
Hydrology
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Krishna Kumar
Omprakash Sahu
Removal of Dye by Electrocoagulation Method
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Finite Element Analysis of Tidal Currents over the Red Sea
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130102.11
Hydrodynamic models represent the core of any simulation for water quality, siltation, and morphology studies. In this study a finite element model was setup for the Red Sea to predict the tidal currents and tidal water level variations. The boundary for the model is located at the Straits of Bab-al-Mandeb. The model was simulated using two dimensional depth averaged model with an element size varying from 15 km to less than 1 km. The model was shown to provide good results for the water level variations at many stations in the Red Sea.
Hydrodynamic models represent the core of any simulation for water quality, siltation, and morphology studies. In this study a finite element model was setup for the Red Sea to predict the tidal currents and tidal water level variations. The boundary for the model is located at the Straits of Bab-al-Mandeb. The model was simulated using two dimensional depth averaged model with an element size varying from 15 km to less than 1 km. The model was shown to provide good results for the water level variations at many stations in the Red Sea.
Finite Element Analysis of Tidal Currents over the Red Sea
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20130102.11
Hydrology
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Samir Abohadima
Karim Ahmed Rakha
Finite Element Analysis of Tidal Currents over the Red Sea
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hyd.20130102.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130102.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Use of Traditional Microfinance Method as an Innovative Approach to the Development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130103.11
The aim of this study was to assess the use of traditional microfinance method as an innovative approach to the development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria. Towards achieving the aim, data were generated through the use of questionnaire between January and April 2013 and others from secondary sources. Some of the variables employed are amount of money contributed monthly through microfinance approach for the development and extension of the scheme, the population of water consumers in the area, government assistance, daily water consumption amount, cost of developing water infrastructure etc. Data were analysed by the use of factor scores from the Principal Component Analysis to establish the performance of this innovation in all the component communities that benefited from the water scheme. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) output revealed that the innovation is performing well in some communities but not in some others. Suggestions recommended include persistent mobilization of community members, better method of loan distribution and involvement of women in the microfinance processes etc.
The aim of this study was to assess the use of traditional microfinance method as an innovative approach to the development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria. Towards achieving the aim, data were generated through the use of questionnaire between January and April 2013 and others from secondary sources. Some of the variables employed are amount of money contributed monthly through microfinance approach for the development and extension of the scheme, the population of water consumers in the area, government assistance, daily water consumption amount, cost of developing water infrastructure etc. Data were analysed by the use of factor scores from the Principal Component Analysis to establish the performance of this innovation in all the component communities that benefited from the water scheme. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) output revealed that the innovation is performing well in some communities but not in some others. Suggestions recommended include persistent mobilization of community members, better method of loan distribution and involvement of women in the microfinance processes etc.
The Use of Traditional Microfinance Method as an Innovative Approach to the Development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20130103.11
Hydrology
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
E. E. Ezenwaji
I. C. Enete
The Use of Traditional Microfinance Method as an Innovative Approach to the Development of Obizi Regional Water Supply Scheme in Aguata, Nigeria
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.hyd.20130103.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20130103.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Review for Hydraulic Analysis of Irrigation Canals Using HEC-RAS Model: A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20140201.11
Hydraulic simulation models could be suitable tools for understanding the hydraulic characteristics of irrigation systems. In this study HEC-RAS model will be tested in terms of error estimation and used to determine canal capacity potential. Thiba main canal reach in Mwea Irrigation Scheme (MIS), approximately 100 Kilometers North East of Nairobi City was selected. MIS being a model scheme in the country, its contribution to food security and growth of the sector is inherent. Sluice gates and trapezoidal canals are amongst the structures in the Thiba main canal reach system. HEC-RAS model will be calibrated and validated using two sets of observed discharges, gate openings and water levels. Due to its minimal estimation errors, HEC-RAS model would be appropriate in evaluation of canal hydraulics steady state conditions to improve on scheme performance.
Hydraulic simulation models could be suitable tools for understanding the hydraulic characteristics of irrigation systems. In this study HEC-RAS model will be tested in terms of error estimation and used to determine canal capacity potential. Thiba main canal reach in Mwea Irrigation Scheme (MIS), approximately 100 Kilometers North East of Nairobi City was selected. MIS being a model scheme in the country, its contribution to food security and growth of the sector is inherent. Sluice gates and trapezoidal canals are amongst the structures in the Thiba main canal reach system. HEC-RAS model will be calibrated and validated using two sets of observed discharges, gate openings and water levels. Due to its minimal estimation errors, HEC-RAS model would be appropriate in evaluation of canal hydraulics steady state conditions to improve on scheme performance.
A Review for Hydraulic Analysis of Irrigation Canals Using HEC-RAS Model: A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20140201.11
Hydrology
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Imbenzi J. Serede
Benedict M. Mutua
James M. Raude
A Review for Hydraulic Analysis of Irrigation Canals Using HEC-RAS Model: A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya
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2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.hyd.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
Spatial Distribution Analysis and Mapping of Groundwater Quality Parameters for the Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) Area Using GIS
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.11
As Groundwater is a natural source of drinking water, it needs to be monitored regularly and people should be made aware of its quality. The unscientific management and exploration of groundwater resources has always been a serious problem in many cities in Bangladesh. As a result the quality of groundwater has become equally important as of its quantity. The present study is aimed to assess the current condition of groundwater quality and to analyze the spatial distribution of groundwater quality for the Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) area. The groundwater quality parameters were analyzed for 51 samples collected from the existing shallow tube wells from the twelve wards of SCC area. Arc GIS geostatistical analyst extension module was used for exploratory data analysis, semivariogram model selection, cross validation. Experimental semivariogram values are examined to find out the best fitted ordinary kriging (OK) models for eleven water quality parameters: pH, potassium, total hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, calcium, total dissolve solids, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and iron. The values of prediction errors i.e. mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), average standard error (ASE), root mean square standardize error (RMSSE) were considered to justify the best fitted model. The interpolated spatial maps of different groundwater parameters shows that iron, alkalinity, total hardness and turbidity are vulnerable to groundwater quality within the study area.
As Groundwater is a natural source of drinking water, it needs to be monitored regularly and people should be made aware of its quality. The unscientific management and exploration of groundwater resources has always been a serious problem in many cities in Bangladesh. As a result the quality of groundwater has become equally important as of its quantity. The present study is aimed to assess the current condition of groundwater quality and to analyze the spatial distribution of groundwater quality for the Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) area. The groundwater quality parameters were analyzed for 51 samples collected from the existing shallow tube wells from the twelve wards of SCC area. Arc GIS geostatistical analyst extension module was used for exploratory data analysis, semivariogram model selection, cross validation. Experimental semivariogram values are examined to find out the best fitted ordinary kriging (OK) models for eleven water quality parameters: pH, potassium, total hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, calcium, total dissolve solids, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and iron. The values of prediction errors i.e. mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), average standard error (ASE), root mean square standardize error (RMSSE) were considered to justify the best fitted model. The interpolated spatial maps of different groundwater parameters shows that iron, alkalinity, total hardness and turbidity are vulnerable to groundwater quality within the study area.
Spatial Distribution Analysis and Mapping of Groundwater Quality Parameters for the Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) Area Using GIS
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.11
Hydrology
2015-03-02
© Science Publishing Group
Gulam Md Munna
Numan-Al-Kibriya
Ahmad Hasan Nury
Shriful Islam
Hasina Rahman
Spatial Distribution Analysis and Mapping of Groundwater Quality Parameters for the Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) Area Using GIS
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2015-03-02
2015-03-02
10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
ARC. GIS Based Interpretation of Ground Water Pollution: A Case Study of Coastal Area District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.12
The border line of Arabian Sea, near district Badin, Sindh, Pakistan was selected as a case study for the investigation of heavy metal concentration in ground water. Ground water is used for human consumption as well as agricultural purposes due to shortage of fresh water in the area. Badin Coastal area is poverty stricken, socio-economically backward, politically ignored, frequently affected and hit by natural disasters. Area is known by stormy cyclones, monsoon heavy rains, floods, tidal sea water intrusion and sea erosion. Study area has not been highlighted properly yet. Highly polluted waste water of Mega project Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) which carries complexes of pollutants of agriculture run off, industrial and municipal effluents of different districts, are being disposed into Arabian Sea, passing through coastal areas of district Badin, contaminating lakes, lagoons, ground water and soils. Tidal sea water of Arabian Sea also pollutes ground water through seepage. The attempts were made to understand the effects on ground drinking water and results were interpreted by Arc GIS maps, to meet the current trends of research. The objective was to investigate ground water pollution extent in the area due to drains and tidal sea water. Sixteen (16) samples of ground water were collected from different villages near coastal area. The average data of various parameters of ground water near coastal were: pH 7.40 ± 0.3758, E.C(ms/cm) 7.45±6.8166, TDS(mg/L) 4044±3876.8, Cu 0.1821±0.486, Zn 0.1399±0.205,Co (mg/L) 0.0900±0.094, Cd(mg/L) 0.0244±0.010, Fe(mg/L) 0.3260±0.591,Ni(mg/L) 0.0055±0.012, Pb(µg/L) 0.1312±0.144. The evaluated results indicated that Left Bank Outfall Drain and sea water intrusion are major contributor for ground water pollution and ground water was found to be unfit for drinking purposes.
The border line of Arabian Sea, near district Badin, Sindh, Pakistan was selected as a case study for the investigation of heavy metal concentration in ground water. Ground water is used for human consumption as well as agricultural purposes due to shortage of fresh water in the area. Badin Coastal area is poverty stricken, socio-economically backward, politically ignored, frequently affected and hit by natural disasters. Area is known by stormy cyclones, monsoon heavy rains, floods, tidal sea water intrusion and sea erosion. Study area has not been highlighted properly yet. Highly polluted waste water of Mega project Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) which carries complexes of pollutants of agriculture run off, industrial and municipal effluents of different districts, are being disposed into Arabian Sea, passing through coastal areas of district Badin, contaminating lakes, lagoons, ground water and soils. Tidal sea water of Arabian Sea also pollutes ground water through seepage. The attempts were made to understand the effects on ground drinking water and results were interpreted by Arc GIS maps, to meet the current trends of research. The objective was to investigate ground water pollution extent in the area due to drains and tidal sea water. Sixteen (16) samples of ground water were collected from different villages near coastal area. The average data of various parameters of ground water near coastal were: pH 7.40 ± 0.3758, E.C(ms/cm) 7.45±6.8166, TDS(mg/L) 4044±3876.8, Cu 0.1821±0.486, Zn 0.1399±0.205,Co (mg/L) 0.0900±0.094, Cd(mg/L) 0.0244±0.010, Fe(mg/L) 0.3260±0.591,Ni(mg/L) 0.0055±0.012, Pb(µg/L) 0.1312±0.144. The evaluated results indicated that Left Bank Outfall Drain and sea water intrusion are major contributor for ground water pollution and ground water was found to be unfit for drinking purposes.
ARC. GIS Based Interpretation of Ground Water Pollution: A Case Study of Coastal Area District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.12
Hydrology
2015-04-24
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Amin Qureshi
Ghulam Murtaza Mastoi
Abdul Aziz Mastoi
Muhammad Ali Bhatti
Ali Muhammad Rind
Saima Chandio
Abdul Waheed Mastoi
ARC. GIS Based Interpretation of Ground Water Pollution: A Case Study of Coastal Area District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan
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2015-04-24
2015-04-24
10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
An Ensemble Approach Modelling to Assess Water Resources in the Mékrou Basin, Benin
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20150302.11
The aim of the study was to test the possible adequacy of an ensemble model to reproduce the observed flows in the Mékrou basin and in what measure this ensemble simulation could be used instead of a unique model. Single model applications showed shortcomings in terms of simulating both high and low flows at the same time. Thereby, the models were calibrated according to two different modes (high and low flows) and they were tested further through the elaboration of three various ensembles. The observed hydrographs were separated in three parts each in order to evaluate with much precision which model or ensemble fits best the hydrographs. On the basis of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the models and derived ensembles were assessed using discharge data. In this paper, the comparison is made between models, mean and median ensembles. Good results were obtained for all models and ensembles but the best ones were achieved by the mean-based ensemble.
The aim of the study was to test the possible adequacy of an ensemble model to reproduce the observed flows in the Mékrou basin and in what measure this ensemble simulation could be used instead of a unique model. Single model applications showed shortcomings in terms of simulating both high and low flows at the same time. Thereby, the models were calibrated according to two different modes (high and low flows) and they were tested further through the elaboration of three various ensembles. The observed hydrographs were separated in three parts each in order to evaluate with much precision which model or ensemble fits best the hydrographs. On the basis of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), the models and derived ensembles were assessed using discharge data. In this paper, the comparison is made between models, mean and median ensembles. Good results were obtained for all models and ensembles but the best ones were achieved by the mean-based ensemble.
An Ensemble Approach Modelling to Assess Water Resources in the Mékrou Basin, Benin
doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20150302.11
Hydrology
2015-07-09
© Science Publishing Group
O. U. Charlene Gaba
I. Eliezer Biao
A. Eric Alamou
Abel Afouda
An Ensemble Approach Modelling to Assess Water Resources in the Mékrou Basin, Benin
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2015-07-09
2015-07-09
10.11648/j.hyd.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=267&doi=10.11648/j.hyd.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group