Science Publishing Group: Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering: Table of Contents
<i> Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering</i>, a peer-reviewed open access journal published bimonthly in English-language, aims to foster a wider academic interest in electrical and electronics engineering, including its intersection with physics. The journal publishes original research papers, with emphasis on theoretical and experimental work. Contributions that are fundamental to the development of electrical and electronic engineering and its applications are accepted. Generally, review articles on some topic of special current interest will be published.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jeee Science Publishing Group: Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering: Table of Contents
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Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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Single Layer Printed Reflectarrays at MM-Waves
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This paper talks about a method of conception and design constraints on mm-wave reflectarrays. The developed tool allows us to plan quickly the behavior of large reflectarray (several tens of wavelength) according to parameters as illumination law or manufacturing tolerance with good agreement with measurements. An ultra-low side-lobe reflectarrays of 130 mm diameter is designed. The structure combines the advantages of a reflectarray with an offset source and those of a specific primary source, exhibiting a prolate radiation pattern, having very low side lobe levels. The maximum gain obtained at 94 GHz is 40 dBi and the side-lobe level is inferior to -28 dB. Finally, a simultaneous multi-lobe antenna is designed at 94 GHz. The primary source is an open-ended waveguide and the phase profile is calculated by the program introduced in the first part. In this case, the four main lobes are placed in the same plane and for equal to -30, -10, 10, 30°. This reflectarray can be used for actual and future generations of automotive radar. The first obtained results are encouraging and show the validity of the concept. Solution retained here is a low-cost solution. The proposed structures are developed on a single layer substrate and fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques. The aim of this article is to show that we can obtain interesting results with relatively simple and low-cost solutions, but also to show the limits of these type of solutions.
This paper talks about a method of conception and design constraints on mm-wave reflectarrays. The developed tool allows us to plan quickly the behavior of large reflectarray (several tens of wavelength) according to parameters as illumination law or manufacturing tolerance with good agreement with measurements. An ultra-low side-lobe reflectarrays of 130 mm diameter is designed. The structure combines the advantages of a reflectarray with an offset source and those of a specific primary source, exhibiting a prolate radiation pattern, having very low side lobe levels. The maximum gain obtained at 94 GHz is 40 dBi and the side-lobe level is inferior to -28 dB. Finally, a simultaneous multi-lobe antenna is designed at 94 GHz. The primary source is an open-ended waveguide and the phase profile is calculated by the program introduced in the first part. In this case, the four main lobes are placed in the same plane and for equal to -30, -10, 10, 30°. This reflectarray can be used for actual and future generations of automotive radar. The first obtained results are encouraging and show the validity of the concept. Solution retained here is a low-cost solution. The proposed structures are developed on a single layer substrate and fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques. The aim of this article is to show that we can obtain interesting results with relatively simple and low-cost solutions, but also to show the limits of these type of solutions.
Single Layer Printed Reflectarrays at MM-Waves
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130101.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
J. Lanteri
J. Y. Dauvignac
Ch. Pichot
C. Migliaccio
Single Layer Printed Reflectarrays at MM-Waves
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© Science Publishing Group
Travelling Waves for Finding the Fault Location in Transmission Lines
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Transmission lines are designed to transfer electric power from source locations to distribution networks. This project investigates the problem of fault localization using traveling wave voltage and current signals obtained at a single end of a transmission line and multi ends of a transmission network. Fourier transform (FT) is the most popular transformation that can be applied to traveling wave signals to obtain their frequency components appearing in the fault signal. The wavelet multi resolution analysis is a new and powerful method of signal analysis and is well suited to traveling wave signals. Wavelets can provide multiple resolutions in both time and frequency domains.
Transmission lines are designed to transfer electric power from source locations to distribution networks. This project investigates the problem of fault localization using traveling wave voltage and current signals obtained at a single end of a transmission line and multi ends of a transmission network. Fourier transform (FT) is the most popular transformation that can be applied to traveling wave signals to obtain their frequency components appearing in the fault signal. The wavelet multi resolution analysis is a new and powerful method of signal analysis and is well suited to traveling wave signals. Wavelets can provide multiple resolutions in both time and frequency domains.
Travelling Waves for Finding the Fault Location in Transmission Lines
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130101.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Abdul Baseer
Travelling Waves for Finding the Fault Location in Transmission Lines
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© Science Publishing Group
RFID Radio Channel Performance Analysis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130101.14
RFID applied to vehicular identification operates under a complex electromagnetic environment; the radio waves emitted by the reader, propagate, attenuate and join to the reflected waves from the ground and adjacent vehicles, being received by the antenna tag; part of the electromagnetic wave signal is backscattered/reflected back to the reader. In order to obtain a propagation model is carried a deterministic and statistical radio channel analysis out, in such a way that the signal performance could be predictable in an outdoor environment. RFID radio channel multipath environment analysis is the focus of this work
RFID applied to vehicular identification operates under a complex electromagnetic environment; the radio waves emitted by the reader, propagate, attenuate and join to the reflected waves from the ground and adjacent vehicles, being received by the antenna tag; part of the electromagnetic wave signal is backscattered/reflected back to the reader. In order to obtain a propagation model is carried a deterministic and statistical radio channel analysis out, in such a way that the signal performance could be predictable in an outdoor environment. RFID radio channel multipath environment analysis is the focus of this work
RFID Radio Channel Performance Analysis
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130101.14
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Salvador Ricardo Meneses González
Roberto Linares y Miranda
RFID Radio Channel Performance Analysis
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© Science Publishing Group
An Effective Simulation Technique to Evaluate Loss of Load Expectation
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Risk index of loss-of-load expectation is traditionally used to determine generation adequacy. However, be-cause responsibility of generation installation and demand increases with different entities, both generation and load need to be examined to evaluate the resource adequacy of today’s deregulated power systems. An electric utility’s main concern is to plan, design, operate and maintain its power supply to provide an acceptable level of reliability to its users. This clearly requires that standards of reliability be specified and used in all three sectors of the power system, i.e., generation, transmission and distribution. Reliability indices have been defined for the three sectors separately as well as for the bulk power system. Reliability criteria may be determined at the selected load points in the system for different combination of generators and transmission line failures. This paper presents an effective simulation method for the reliability assessment of reliability index, loss-of-load expectation (LOLE). This method is applied to Bangladesh Power System (BPS). BPS has a total installed capacity of around 6550 MW. The maximum demand of BPS is about 5700 MW. The relevant data of the generators and hourly load profiles are collected from the National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) of Bangladesh and reliability index ‘LOLE’ is assessed for the last six years.
Risk index of loss-of-load expectation is traditionally used to determine generation adequacy. However, be-cause responsibility of generation installation and demand increases with different entities, both generation and load need to be examined to evaluate the resource adequacy of today’s deregulated power systems. An electric utility’s main concern is to plan, design, operate and maintain its power supply to provide an acceptable level of reliability to its users. This clearly requires that standards of reliability be specified and used in all three sectors of the power system, i.e., generation, transmission and distribution. Reliability indices have been defined for the three sectors separately as well as for the bulk power system. Reliability criteria may be determined at the selected load points in the system for different combination of generators and transmission line failures. This paper presents an effective simulation method for the reliability assessment of reliability index, loss-of-load expectation (LOLE). This method is applied to Bangladesh Power System (BPS). BPS has a total installed capacity of around 6550 MW. The maximum demand of BPS is about 5700 MW. The relevant data of the generators and hourly load profiles are collected from the National Load Dispatch Center (NLDC) of Bangladesh and reliability index ‘LOLE’ is assessed for the last six years.
An Effective Simulation Technique to Evaluate Loss of Load Expectation
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130101.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Nahid-Al- Masood
Md. Khurram Monir Rabby
Mamun Rabbani
Mafruha Ahmed
Proteeti Peya
An Effective Simulation Technique to Evaluate Loss of Load Expectation
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© Science Publishing Group
Compare Gabor Fisher Classifier and Phase-Based Gabor Fisher Classifier for Face Recognition
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The paper compares two feature extraction techniques for face recognition with Gabor Filters. Firstly Gabor Filters based methods which mainly use only Gabor magnitude features like Gabor Fisher Classifier (GFC), and secondly the proposed method called the Phase-based Gabor Fisher Classifier (PBGFC) by turk[3]. The PBGFC method constructs an augmented feature vector which encompasses Gabor-phase information derived from a novel representation of face images - the oriented Gabor phase congruency image (OGPCI) - and then applies linear discriminant analysis to the augmented feature vector to reduce its dimensionality. In ours experiments we use the ORL data base, the feasibility of the proposed methods was assessed in a series of face verification experiments. The experimental results show that the PBGFC method performs better than other popular feature extraction techniques such as (LDA), while it ensures nearly similar verification performance as the established Gabor Fisher Classifier (GFC).
The paper compares two feature extraction techniques for face recognition with Gabor Filters. Firstly Gabor Filters based methods which mainly use only Gabor magnitude features like Gabor Fisher Classifier (GFC), and secondly the proposed method called the Phase-based Gabor Fisher Classifier (PBGFC) by turk[3]. The PBGFC method constructs an augmented feature vector which encompasses Gabor-phase information derived from a novel representation of face images - the oriented Gabor phase congruency image (OGPCI) - and then applies linear discriminant analysis to the augmented feature vector to reduce its dimensionality. In ours experiments we use the ORL data base, the feasibility of the proposed methods was assessed in a series of face verification experiments. The experimental results show that the PBGFC method performs better than other popular feature extraction techniques such as (LDA), while it ensures nearly similar verification performance as the established Gabor Fisher Classifier (GFC).
Compare Gabor Fisher Classifier and Phase-Based Gabor Fisher Classifier for Face Recognition
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Nouar Larbi
Dine Mohamed
Compare Gabor Fisher Classifier and Phase-Based Gabor Fisher Classifier for Face Recognition
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.11
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© Science Publishing Group
An ISM/UWB Antenna with Offset feeding and Slotted Ground Plane for Body-centric Communications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.12
An offset-fed ISM/Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a slotted ground plane designed for on-body communications is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of a radiator very close to a square shape, a feed line slightly offset from the middle along the radiator side and three rectangular slots at the top edge of the ground plane. The offset feed line is used to improve the radiation pattern for on-body communications and the slots on the ground plane are used to improve impedance matching of the antenna. The antenna is studied using computer simulation. For verification of simulation results, the antenna is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show good agreements in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, efficiency and radiation pattern. Measured results show that the antenna can achieve a wide bandwidth from 2.38 to 14.5 GHz with more omnidirectional radiation patterns in the E-plane than conventional monopole, making it a potential candidate for on-body communications using UWB.
An offset-fed ISM/Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with a slotted ground plane designed for on-body communications is presented in this paper. The antenna consists of a radiator very close to a square shape, a feed line slightly offset from the middle along the radiator side and three rectangular slots at the top edge of the ground plane. The offset feed line is used to improve the radiation pattern for on-body communications and the slots on the ground plane are used to improve impedance matching of the antenna. The antenna is studied using computer simulation. For verification of simulation results, the antenna is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show good agreements in terms of reflection coefficient, gain, efficiency and radiation pattern. Measured results show that the antenna can achieve a wide bandwidth from 2.38 to 14.5 GHz with more omnidirectional radiation patterns in the E-plane than conventional monopole, making it a potential candidate for on-body communications using UWB.
An ISM/UWB Antenna with Offset feeding and Slotted Ground Plane for Body-centric Communications
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Yi Ye Sun
Sing Wai Cheung
Tung Ip Yuk
An ISM/UWB Antenna with Offset feeding and Slotted Ground Plane for Body-centric Communications
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© Science Publishing Group
Real Time Depth Computation Using Stereo Imaging
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.13
Stereo imaging is one of the methods to get an estimate about depth distance of various objects in the scene from the camera. This paper presents the process involved in developing a stereo imaging module for use on a robot to plan paths and movements, and for avoiding obstacles. The module is implemented using the open source computer vision library OpenCV. This module works in real-time and can deal with dynamic scenes to a fair extent.
Stereo imaging is one of the methods to get an estimate about depth distance of various objects in the scene from the camera. This paper presents the process involved in developing a stereo imaging module for use on a robot to plan paths and movements, and for avoiding obstacles. The module is implemented using the open source computer vision library OpenCV. This module works in real-time and can deal with dynamic scenes to a fair extent.
Real Time Depth Computation Using Stereo Imaging
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Prashant Jagdishchandra Bagga
Real Time Depth Computation Using Stereo Imaging
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130102.13
© Science Publishing Group
By-Emitter Emulation of the Degradation of a Calibrated 975 nm Tapered Laser Bar Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130103.11
In this paper, Barlase has been taken a step further by emulating the degradation processes in high power semiconductor laser bars to further deepen the understanding of the behaviour of laser bars. In publications elsewhere where Barlase was used, investigations were done using hypothetical laser bars to emulate various degradation processes commonly found in the operations of lasers. In this paper however, the emulation of a real laser bar is being investigated to compare experimental results to the emulated results to establish a correlation between them. The results established show a close matching between the experimental and the emulated results but the levels of change were not similar. The reason for this can be attributed to the thermal properties used in Barlase and that the consideration of a global thermal solver will be necessary to improve upon the mismatch between the experimental and emulated results.
In this paper, Barlase has been taken a step further by emulating the degradation processes in high power semiconductor laser bars to further deepen the understanding of the behaviour of laser bars. In publications elsewhere where Barlase was used, investigations were done using hypothetical laser bars to emulate various degradation processes commonly found in the operations of lasers. In this paper however, the emulation of a real laser bar is being investigated to compare experimental results to the emulated results to establish a correlation between them. The results established show a close matching between the experimental and the emulated results but the levels of change were not similar. The reason for this can be attributed to the thermal properties used in Barlase and that the consideration of a global thermal solver will be necessary to improve upon the mismatch between the experimental and emulated results.
By-Emitter Emulation of the Degradation of a Calibrated 975 nm Tapered Laser Bar Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130103.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Christian Kwaku Amuzuvi
Seth Ofori
By-Emitter Emulation of the Degradation of a Calibrated 975 nm Tapered Laser Bar Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool
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© Science Publishing Group
Handling MANET Routing Attacks Using Risk Aware Mitigation Mechanism with Distributed Node Control
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130103.12
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) have been highly vulnerable to attacks due to the dynamic nature of its network infrastructure. Among these attacks, routing attacks have received considerable attention since it could cause the most devastating damage to MANET. Even though there exist several intrusion response techniques to mitigate such critical attacks, existing solutions typically attempt to isolate malicious nodes based on binary or naıve fuzzy response decisions. However, binary responses may result in the unexpected network partition, causing additional damages to the network infrastructure, and naıve fuzzy responses could lead to uncertainty in countering routing attacks in MANET. In this paper, we propose a risk-aware response mechanism to systematically cope with the identified routing attacks. Our risk-aware approach is based on an extended Dempster-Shafer mathematical theory of evidence introducing a notion of importance factors. In addition, our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with the consideration of several performance metrics.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) have been highly vulnerable to attacks due to the dynamic nature of its network infrastructure. Among these attacks, routing attacks have received considerable attention since it could cause the most devastating damage to MANET. Even though there exist several intrusion response techniques to mitigate such critical attacks, existing solutions typically attempt to isolate malicious nodes based on binary or naıve fuzzy response decisions. However, binary responses may result in the unexpected network partition, causing additional damages to the network infrastructure, and naıve fuzzy responses could lead to uncertainty in countering routing attacks in MANET. In this paper, we propose a risk-aware response mechanism to systematically cope with the identified routing attacks. Our risk-aware approach is based on an extended Dempster-Shafer mathematical theory of evidence introducing a notion of importance factors. In addition, our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with the consideration of several performance metrics.
Handling MANET Routing Attacks Using Risk Aware Mitigation Mechanism with Distributed Node Control
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130103.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
A. Jaganraj
A. Yogaraj
N. Vignesh
R. V. Anuroop
Handling MANET Routing Attacks Using Risk Aware Mitigation Mechanism with Distributed Node Control
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© Science Publishing Group
On the Innovation and Development of Embedded Systems from the Perspective of Environmental Science and Technology Aesthetics
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.11
The environmental science and technology aesthetics is a new interdisciplinary application aesthetic subject, which arises with the inspiration of contemporary ecological concepts, environmental ideas, and aesthetic thoughts. It is based on the theories of ecological ontology, ecological ethics and ecological value, and it is the perfect combination of science and technology and environmental aesthetics, and it is the science of the general laws in which science and technology are studied, innovated and developed in accordance with the principles of environmental aesthetics. The embedded system is a "dedicated computer system embedded in the object system", and it is technology-intensive, investment-intensive, highly decentralized and continuously innovative knowledge-intensive system. The embedded system innovation has the close and indivisible relationship with the environmental science and technology aesthetics: The environmental science and technology aesthetics is instructive to the embedded system innovation; while the embedded system innovation is concrete practice and application of the environmental science and technology aesthetics theory. The environmental science and technology aesthetics has got rid of the Western traditional dualistic and opposing thinking mode, surpassed the modern tool reason and anthropocentrism, and promoted the environmental development of embedded system. The environmental science and technology aesthetics is the important theoretical resource that guides the environmental development of embedded system, and an important guarantee that makes the embedded system develop and innovate along healthy, scientific, environmental road. The environmental embedded system must have broad development prospects.
The environmental science and technology aesthetics is a new interdisciplinary application aesthetic subject, which arises with the inspiration of contemporary ecological concepts, environmental ideas, and aesthetic thoughts. It is based on the theories of ecological ontology, ecological ethics and ecological value, and it is the perfect combination of science and technology and environmental aesthetics, and it is the science of the general laws in which science and technology are studied, innovated and developed in accordance with the principles of environmental aesthetics. The embedded system is a "dedicated computer system embedded in the object system", and it is technology-intensive, investment-intensive, highly decentralized and continuously innovative knowledge-intensive system. The embedded system innovation has the close and indivisible relationship with the environmental science and technology aesthetics: The environmental science and technology aesthetics is instructive to the embedded system innovation; while the embedded system innovation is concrete practice and application of the environmental science and technology aesthetics theory. The environmental science and technology aesthetics has got rid of the Western traditional dualistic and opposing thinking mode, surpassed the modern tool reason and anthropocentrism, and promoted the environmental development of embedded system. The environmental science and technology aesthetics is the important theoretical resource that guides the environmental development of embedded system, and an important guarantee that makes the embedded system develop and innovate along healthy, scientific, environmental road. The environmental embedded system must have broad development prospects.
On the Innovation and Development of Embedded Systems from the Perspective of Environmental Science and Technology Aesthetics
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
YUE Xiangyu
YUE Youxi
On the Innovation and Development of Embedded Systems from the Perspective of Environmental Science and Technology Aesthetics
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© Science Publishing Group
A New Technique to Improve AC Coil Contactor Switching in Presence of Voltage Sags
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.13
Total complaints related to voltage sags are about 80 % of all the complaints due to power quality transients. AC Contactors are designed to disconnect the load or circuit they control when the main power supply is intentionally interrupted. The sensitivity of AC coil contactors to the applied voltage is thus a potentially weak link in industrial processes. This paper shows the test results obtained from extensive laboratory testing carried out on AC coil contactors to voltage sags with variation in value of point on wave angle of voltage sags. The testing was carried out considering various sag magnitudes, durations and point on wave initiation angles of supply voltage waveform. Voltage tolerance curves for AC contactor have been plotted which gives an idea about equipment malfunction for different sag events. This kind of typical equipment sensitivity data might be useful for the future sag assessment methods. Line to line transformer is also suggested for improving AC coil contactor behavior during voltage sags
Total complaints related to voltage sags are about 80 % of all the complaints due to power quality transients. AC Contactors are designed to disconnect the load or circuit they control when the main power supply is intentionally interrupted. The sensitivity of AC coil contactors to the applied voltage is thus a potentially weak link in industrial processes. This paper shows the test results obtained from extensive laboratory testing carried out on AC coil contactors to voltage sags with variation in value of point on wave angle of voltage sags. The testing was carried out considering various sag magnitudes, durations and point on wave initiation angles of supply voltage waveform. Voltage tolerance curves for AC contactor have been plotted which gives an idea about equipment malfunction for different sag events. This kind of typical equipment sensitivity data might be useful for the future sag assessment methods. Line to line transformer is also suggested for improving AC coil contactor behavior during voltage sags
A New Technique to Improve AC Coil Contactor Switching in Presence of Voltage Sags
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Sonali Mayuresh Akolkar
Bansidhar Eknath Kushare
A New Technique to Improve AC Coil Contactor Switching in Presence of Voltage Sags
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© Science Publishing Group
Power Quality Analysis in a Distribution Network of a Quarry Processing Plant
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.15
Power quality problems encompass a wide range of different phenomena. Each of these phenomena may have a variety of different causes and different solutions that can be used to improve upon the power quality and equipment performance. This paper analyses the malfunctioning of a capacitor bank at a quarry processing company (QPC) in the Western Region of Ghana. The QPC had held the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) responsible for the damage. According to QPC, the damage was due to frequent power fluctuations and outages experienced from the ECG distribution network. The paper presents and discusses techniques used to investigate the cause of the problem. The result of the analysis of the damage was conducted using the electromagnetic transient programme (EMTP) and relates the damage to harmonic resonance produced from the QPC power distribution network. It is recommended that, for reliable, safe and economic operation of capacitor banks, the harmonic content of an electrical installation is measured and analyzed before installation.
Power quality problems encompass a wide range of different phenomena. Each of these phenomena may have a variety of different causes and different solutions that can be used to improve upon the power quality and equipment performance. This paper analyses the malfunctioning of a capacitor bank at a quarry processing company (QPC) in the Western Region of Ghana. The QPC had held the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) responsible for the damage. According to QPC, the damage was due to frequent power fluctuations and outages experienced from the ECG distribution network. The paper presents and discusses techniques used to investigate the cause of the problem. The result of the analysis of the damage was conducted using the electromagnetic transient programme (EMTP) and relates the damage to harmonic resonance produced from the QPC power distribution network. It is recommended that, for reliable, safe and economic operation of capacitor banks, the harmonic content of an electrical installation is measured and analyzed before installation.
Power Quality Analysis in a Distribution Network of a Quarry Processing Plant
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.15
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Joseph Cudjoe Attachie
Christian Kwaku Amuzuvi
Power Quality Analysis in a Distribution Network of a Quarry Processing Plant
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© Science Publishing Group
Investigating the Effect of Increased Heatsink Temperature and Packaging-Induced Strain in a Single Emitter Laser Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.12
This paper explores further the capability and versatility of Barlase in establishing deeper understanding of the behaviour of an emitter in a laser bar. The interactions between an emitter and the substrate upon which it is mounted are important in learning more about the degradation process that occurs in lasers. It is well known that various factors come into play in the operation of individual emitters and full laser bars (L-I characteristics, threshold, efficiency, etc.) but one of the most important is the effect of increased heatsink temperature and packaging-induced strain in laser bars. Barlase is therefore used to investigate these effects based on the Arrhenius equation. The relevant parameters are updated at each aging step. Barlase allows a better understanding of how current competition, temperature and the level of defects affect the output power and the degradation rate of a bar.
This paper explores further the capability and versatility of Barlase in establishing deeper understanding of the behaviour of an emitter in a laser bar. The interactions between an emitter and the substrate upon which it is mounted are important in learning more about the degradation process that occurs in lasers. It is well known that various factors come into play in the operation of individual emitters and full laser bars (L-I characteristics, threshold, efficiency, etc.) but one of the most important is the effect of increased heatsink temperature and packaging-induced strain in laser bars. Barlase is therefore used to investigate these effects based on the Arrhenius equation. The relevant parameters are updated at each aging step. Barlase allows a better understanding of how current competition, temperature and the level of defects affect the output power and the degradation rate of a bar.
Investigating the Effect of Increased Heatsink Temperature and Packaging-Induced Strain in a Single Emitter Laser Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Christian Kwaku Amuzuvi
Fuseini Mumuni
Investigating the Effect of Increased Heatsink Temperature and Packaging-Induced Strain in a Single Emitter Laser Using a Laser Diode Simulation/Emulation Tool
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10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.12
© Science Publishing Group
Objective Image Quality Evaluation Model for JPEG2000 Coded Images Based on Edge Information Measures
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.17
In this paper, a no-reference objective quality assessment model is proposed for JPEG2000 coded images. It is well established that human visual system is very sensitive to edge information; consequently we believe that perceptual artifacts of any image are strongly dependent on local features such as edge and non-edge areas. Therefore edge and non-edge area based distortions are evaluated in this model. Performance of the model is evaluated by using the subjective experiment results of the LIVE Texas’s database. The performance is also compared with other existing methods and the result is inevitably sufficient.
In this paper, a no-reference objective quality assessment model is proposed for JPEG2000 coded images. It is well established that human visual system is very sensitive to edge information; consequently we believe that perceptual artifacts of any image are strongly dependent on local features such as edge and non-edge areas. Therefore edge and non-edge area based distortions are evaluated in this model. Performance of the model is evaluated by using the subjective experiment results of the LIVE Texas’s database. The performance is also compared with other existing methods and the result is inevitably sufficient.
Objective Image Quality Evaluation Model for JPEG2000 Coded Images Based on Edge Information Measures
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.17
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Z. M. Parvez Sazzad
Rayeen Sultana
Hajera Siddiqa
Manika Rani Dey
Objective Image Quality Evaluation Model for JPEG2000 Coded Images Based on Edge Information Measures
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106
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.17
© Science Publishing Group
Energy Efficient Lighting System in Gaza Strip Buildings
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.16
This study aimed at identifying design features that can be incorporated in buildings to make them energy efficient. Energy audit and analysis is necessary to increase building energy efficiency. Three methods to increase energy efficiency were selected based on installation cost: the first method of low cost is replacing T-8 fluorescent lamps (FL) and Metal Halide lamps (ML) with T-5 and High Pressure Sodium (HPS) respectively, the second method of medium cost is replacing all FL and ML lamp with Light Emitting Diode (LED), the third method of high cost is the automation system for room lighting based on fuzzy logic controller at some places in the building. Energy audit and analysis was performed on Irada building at Islamic University of Gaza (IUG). Good energy saving were achieved using low cost, medium cost, and high cost methods. Finally, this provided much needed saved power to be reused in Gaza Strip.
This study aimed at identifying design features that can be incorporated in buildings to make them energy efficient. Energy audit and analysis is necessary to increase building energy efficiency. Three methods to increase energy efficiency were selected based on installation cost: the first method of low cost is replacing T-8 fluorescent lamps (FL) and Metal Halide lamps (ML) with T-5 and High Pressure Sodium (HPS) respectively, the second method of medium cost is replacing all FL and ML lamp with Light Emitting Diode (LED), the third method of high cost is the automation system for room lighting based on fuzzy logic controller at some places in the building. Energy audit and analysis was performed on Irada building at Islamic University of Gaza (IUG). Good energy saving were achieved using low cost, medium cost, and high cost methods. Finally, this provided much needed saved power to be reused in Gaza Strip.
Energy Efficient Lighting System in Gaza Strip Buildings
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.16
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hatem Elaydi
Zaki Al Qaraa
Energy Efficient Lighting System in Gaza Strip Buildings
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.16
© Science Publishing Group
Review Article Regarding Possibilities for Speed Adjustment at Reluctance Synchronous Motors
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.14
This paper presents some conclusions of a larger review article which regards possibilities for speed adjustment at synchronous reluctance motors. In the first part there are detailed the command variants by modifying the supply voltage and frequency (open loop control and vectorial control). There are reviewed the variants with and without position sensors. In the second part there is presented the possibility for speed modification by changing the poles number. There is presented a constructive variant of rotor for a reluctance synchronous machine with changing number of poles. The paper ends with conclusions corresponding to the study achieved.
This paper presents some conclusions of a larger review article which regards possibilities for speed adjustment at synchronous reluctance motors. In the first part there are detailed the command variants by modifying the supply voltage and frequency (open loop control and vectorial control). There are reviewed the variants with and without position sensors. In the second part there is presented the possibility for speed modification by changing the poles number. There is presented a constructive variant of rotor for a reluctance synchronous machine with changing number of poles. The paper ends with conclusions corresponding to the study achieved.
Review Article Regarding Possibilities for Speed Adjustment at Reluctance Synchronous Motors
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.14
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Monica Adela Enache
Sorin Enache
Ion Vlad
Review Article Regarding Possibilities for Speed Adjustment at Reluctance Synchronous Motors
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130104.14
© Science Publishing Group
Design and Analysis of a 0.4V 1.08mW 12GHz High-Performance VCO in 0.18μm CMOS (Invited Paper)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.11
This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-performance fully-integrated 0.18μm CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low supply voltage and low dc power consumption. To enhance the transconductance (gm) of MOSFETs and negative conductance (-Gm) of a cross-coupled pair, the device size of the nMOS cross-coupled pair is enlarged. For reducing the supply voltage and minimizing the dc power consumption, forward-body biased technique is utilized in this VCO, leading to the threshold voltage (Vt) reduction. Moreover, process variations are taken into accounted at low supply voltage, and the Monte-Carlo analysis is used to analyze the VCO phase noise and output power. At 0.4V low supply voltage, the fabricated 0.18μm CMOS VCO consumes 1.08mW low core power. At this bias condition, the measured phase noise at 1MHz offset from 12.77GHz carrier is -110.2 dBc/Hz, and the measured tuning range is 5.75%. Compared to recently published 0.18μm X-band CMOS VCOs, this work demonstrates the low supply voltage, low dc power dissipation, superior figure-of-merit (FOM), and better figure-of-merit including the tuning range (FOMT).
This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-performance fully-integrated 0.18μm CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with low supply voltage and low dc power consumption. To enhance the transconductance (gm) of MOSFETs and negative conductance (-Gm) of a cross-coupled pair, the device size of the nMOS cross-coupled pair is enlarged. For reducing the supply voltage and minimizing the dc power consumption, forward-body biased technique is utilized in this VCO, leading to the threshold voltage (Vt) reduction. Moreover, process variations are taken into accounted at low supply voltage, and the Monte-Carlo analysis is used to analyze the VCO phase noise and output power. At 0.4V low supply voltage, the fabricated 0.18μm CMOS VCO consumes 1.08mW low core power. At this bias condition, the measured phase noise at 1MHz offset from 12.77GHz carrier is -110.2 dBc/Hz, and the measured tuning range is 5.75%. Compared to recently published 0.18μm X-band CMOS VCOs, this work demonstrates the low supply voltage, low dc power dissipation, superior figure-of-merit (FOM), and better figure-of-merit including the tuning range (FOMT).
Design and Analysis of a 0.4V 1.08mW 12GHz High-Performance VCO in 0.18μm CMOS (Invited Paper)
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
To-Po Wang
Chung-Chin Li
Design and Analysis of a 0.4V 1.08mW 12GHz High-Performance VCO in 0.18μm CMOS (Invited Paper)
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113
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.11
© Science Publishing Group
Analytical Surface Charge Control Model for AlN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistor
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.12
We have argued that the nature of surface potential variation with gate voltage of AlN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor (DHFET) is no different from that of the conventional GaAs/AlGaAs HEMT devices. Necessary simulated band diagrams have been presented to justify our claim and we have also proposed a non-linear expression for Fermi level (EF) variation with the two-dimensional electron gas density (2DEG). We have showed that our proposed expression provides better agreement with the numerical solution than the previous approximations. Besides, expression of surface charge density (ns) variation with gate voltage (VG) obtained using our proposed model, shows better fit with the numerical simulation data in wide range of bias conditions.
We have argued that the nature of surface potential variation with gate voltage of AlN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor (DHFET) is no different from that of the conventional GaAs/AlGaAs HEMT devices. Necessary simulated band diagrams have been presented to justify our claim and we have also proposed a non-linear expression for Fermi level (EF) variation with the two-dimensional electron gas density (2DEG). We have showed that our proposed expression provides better agreement with the numerical solution than the previous approximations. Besides, expression of surface charge density (ns) variation with gate voltage (VG) obtained using our proposed model, shows better fit with the numerical simulation data in wide range of bias conditions.
Analytical Surface Charge Control Model for AlN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistor
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Md Shofiqul Islam Khan
Analytical Surface Charge Control Model for AlN/GaN/AlGaN Double Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistor
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122
122
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20130105.12
© Science Publishing Group
Design of a Photovoltaic System as an Alternative Source of Electrical Energy for Powering the Lighting Circuits for Premises in Ghana
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.12
This paper seeks to emphasise the tendency of the use of solar energy as an alternative source of energy for today as far as the lighting needs of a particular infrastructure is concerned. It compares the use of a Photovoltaic (PV) System and an existing 60 kVA generator that powers a premise. The paper provides a general understanding of a solar energy (renewable energy) and how photovoltaic technology can be practically applied to power the lighting needs of the premise. Analysis of the site, weather data, and the design predicted the value of the photovoltaic system as an economic investment. We present the analysis undertaken using the PVSYST software package to optimize the system design for the premise. The simulation and calculation was done with the consideration of a PV array’s tilt and direction and economic considerations. The proposed photovoltaic system for the premise, with 30 units of battery capacity of 17850 Ah, an inverter size of 132 kW and a minimum number of 8 modules at 12.53 kWp was sufficient for the proposed design. The output analysis when implemented will result in a substantial lifetime energy savings, improving reliability and provide a great impact on the environment. It is therefore worthwhile to invest in photovoltaic renewable energy systems to augment the energy needs of locations where its use is viable.
This paper seeks to emphasise the tendency of the use of solar energy as an alternative source of energy for today as far as the lighting needs of a particular infrastructure is concerned. It compares the use of a Photovoltaic (PV) System and an existing 60 kVA generator that powers a premise. The paper provides a general understanding of a solar energy (renewable energy) and how photovoltaic technology can be practically applied to power the lighting needs of the premise. Analysis of the site, weather data, and the design predicted the value of the photovoltaic system as an economic investment. We present the analysis undertaken using the PVSYST software package to optimize the system design for the premise. The simulation and calculation was done with the consideration of a PV array’s tilt and direction and economic considerations. The proposed photovoltaic system for the premise, with 30 units of battery capacity of 17850 Ah, an inverter size of 132 kW and a minimum number of 8 modules at 12.53 kWp was sufficient for the proposed design. The output analysis when implemented will result in a substantial lifetime energy savings, improving reliability and provide a great impact on the environment. It is therefore worthwhile to invest in photovoltaic renewable energy systems to augment the energy needs of locations where its use is viable.
Design of a Photovoltaic System as an Alternative Source of Electrical Energy for Powering the Lighting Circuits for Premises in Ghana
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Christian Kwaku Amuzuvi
Emmanuel Effah
Design of a Photovoltaic System as an Alternative Source of Electrical Energy for Powering the Lighting Circuits for Premises in Ghana
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16
16
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Study of the Influence High-voltage Power Lines on Environment and Human Health (Case Study: The Electromagnetic Pollution in Tebessa City, Algeria)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.11
In this paper we present a modeling and simulation, the methodology for calculating the electromagnetic field radiated by the high voltage (HV) lines and for selection of analytical models that interpret the electric and magnetic fields as a function of the distance to the target object. The results were compared with measurements carried out on site where the HV lines are present through a neighborhood of a large agglomeration in the city of Tebessa, for over 50 years. Following published standards establishing the human to HV power line distances for professional exposure or in the case of low frequency field exposure the results obtained by calculations /simulation and measurement in this work, enable us to recommend possible solutions for the electromagnetic pollution issues in the town of Tebessa and thus to reduce the permanent danger to the public considering also the legislative vacuum and the poor preoccupation of official authorities.
In this paper we present a modeling and simulation, the methodology for calculating the electromagnetic field radiated by the high voltage (HV) lines and for selection of analytical models that interpret the electric and magnetic fields as a function of the distance to the target object. The results were compared with measurements carried out on site where the HV lines are present through a neighborhood of a large agglomeration in the city of Tebessa, for over 50 years. Following published standards establishing the human to HV power line distances for professional exposure or in the case of low frequency field exposure the results obtained by calculations /simulation and measurement in this work, enable us to recommend possible solutions for the electromagnetic pollution issues in the town of Tebessa and thus to reduce the permanent danger to the public considering also the legislative vacuum and the poor preoccupation of official authorities.
Study of the Influence High-voltage Power Lines on Environment and Human Health (Case Study: The Electromagnetic Pollution in Tebessa City, Algeria)
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
DIB Djalel
MORDJAOUI Mourad
Study of the Influence High-voltage Power Lines on Environment and Human Health (Case Study: The Electromagnetic Pollution in Tebessa City, Algeria)
2
1
8
8
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
Application of Rayleigh Probability Density Function in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.13
In this study, signal voltage obtained at the receiver is investigated by taking the Rayleigh Probability Density Function into account. Probability of received signal and occurrence of incoming signal between two levels are also studied. Success percentage, requirement of how much the receiver is to be modified and variation of voltage or power at the output with respect to time are simulated in MATLAB for various physical environments.
In this study, signal voltage obtained at the receiver is investigated by taking the Rayleigh Probability Density Function into account. Probability of received signal and occurrence of incoming signal between two levels are also studied. Success percentage, requirement of how much the receiver is to be modified and variation of voltage or power at the output with respect to time are simulated in MATLAB for various physical environments.
Application of Rayleigh Probability Density Function in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mustafa MUTLU
Application of Rayleigh Probability Density Function in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
2
1
21
21
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.13
© Science Publishing Group
Voltage Stability Assessment for Distributed Generation in Islanded Microgrid System
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.14
The increasing energy demands are stressing the generation and transmission capabilities of the power system. Distributed generation (DG), which generally located in distribution systems, has the ability to meet some of the growing energy demands. However, unplanned application of individual distributed generators might cause other technical problems. The Microgrid concept has the potential to solve major problems arising from large penetration of DG in distribution systems. This project proposes a simulation approach to study voltage stability index (VSI) and voltage stability analysis in Microgrid system for the improvement of the dynamic voltage stability in a microgridin case of the dynamic voltage in sufficiency. A model of IEEE-14 Bus System has been presented as a case study of an islanded microgird system. This project also presented line voltage stability index analysis which accurately calculates voltage stability analysis at each transmission line and precisely predicts voltage collapse on power systems. A formula to calculate VSI has been derived and applied on two cases on the system. To show the effectiveness of the proposed microgrid system, this approach is implemented in a microgrid system (14-bus, 20 lines) in PSAT, which is a MATLAB toolbox environment. The test system has four diesel DGs and a wind turbine connected with eleven constant loads. A dynamic simulation of the test system is carried out for the cases for various disturbances. Islanded mode of operation is considered in this study. FVSI and voltage stability analysis were successfully implemented and analyzed.
The increasing energy demands are stressing the generation and transmission capabilities of the power system. Distributed generation (DG), which generally located in distribution systems, has the ability to meet some of the growing energy demands. However, unplanned application of individual distributed generators might cause other technical problems. The Microgrid concept has the potential to solve major problems arising from large penetration of DG in distribution systems. This project proposes a simulation approach to study voltage stability index (VSI) and voltage stability analysis in Microgrid system for the improvement of the dynamic voltage stability in a microgridin case of the dynamic voltage in sufficiency. A model of IEEE-14 Bus System has been presented as a case study of an islanded microgird system. This project also presented line voltage stability index analysis which accurately calculates voltage stability analysis at each transmission line and precisely predicts voltage collapse on power systems. A formula to calculate VSI has been derived and applied on two cases on the system. To show the effectiveness of the proposed microgrid system, this approach is implemented in a microgrid system (14-bus, 20 lines) in PSAT, which is a MATLAB toolbox environment. The test system has four diesel DGs and a wind turbine connected with eleven constant loads. A dynamic simulation of the test system is carried out for the cases for various disturbances. Islanded mode of operation is considered in this study. FVSI and voltage stability analysis were successfully implemented and analyzed.
Voltage Stability Assessment for Distributed Generation in Islanded Microgrid System
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.14
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Saleh A. Gareh
B. C. Kok
Voltage Stability Assessment for Distributed Generation in Islanded Microgrid System
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27
27
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.14
© Science Publishing Group
Development of MATLAB-Based Software for the Design of the Magnetic Circuit of Three-Phase Power Transformer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.15
Essentially, transformers consist of two electrical conductors called the primary winding and the secondary winding which are coupled magnetically together by a magnetic circuit. Transformers work based on the principle that energy can be efficiently transferred by magnetic induction from one winding to another winding by a varying magnetic field produced by alternating current. The magnetic circuit or core of a transformer is designed to provide a path for magnetic field, which is necessary for induction of voltages between the windings. In this paper, MATLAB-based software was developed for automatic computation of the magnetic circuit parameters of a three phase power transformer once the input specifications are supplied. A sample design problem was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program. Apart from its flexibility and speed, the program removed the drudgery involved in the design. In addition, the MATLAB-based software presented in this paper will serve as a useful teaching and laboratory tool for undergraduate courses in transformer design
Essentially, transformers consist of two electrical conductors called the primary winding and the secondary winding which are coupled magnetically together by a magnetic circuit. Transformers work based on the principle that energy can be efficiently transferred by magnetic induction from one winding to another winding by a varying magnetic field produced by alternating current. The magnetic circuit or core of a transformer is designed to provide a path for magnetic field, which is necessary for induction of voltages between the windings. In this paper, MATLAB-based software was developed for automatic computation of the magnetic circuit parameters of a three phase power transformer once the input specifications are supplied. A sample design problem was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program. Apart from its flexibility and speed, the program removed the drudgery involved in the design. In addition, the MATLAB-based software presented in this paper will serve as a useful teaching and laboratory tool for undergraduate courses in transformer design
Development of MATLAB-Based Software for the Design of the Magnetic Circuit of Three-Phase Power Transformer
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.15
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Obinwa Christian Amaefule
Afolayan Jimoh Jacob
Akaninyene Bernard Obot
Development of MATLAB-Based Software for the Design of the Magnetic Circuit of Three-Phase Power Transformer
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35
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140201.15
© Science Publishing Group
Optimization of Motion Adjustment Pattern in Intelligent Minesweeper Robots (Experimental Research)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.11
Nowadays, intelligent minesweeper robots have important roles in discovering, cleaning and defusing buried mines. Because of special conditions of mine detection operation, these robots should follow a very accurate and specified motion pattern. In this paper, prevalent methods of motion adjustment for minesweeper robots in an operational environment of mine field is studied experimentally and advantages and disadvantages of these methods are overviewed. Eventually, an experimental method, which eliminates problems of previous methods and has a high accuracy in motion adjustment is presented.
Nowadays, intelligent minesweeper robots have important roles in discovering, cleaning and defusing buried mines. Because of special conditions of mine detection operation, these robots should follow a very accurate and specified motion pattern. In this paper, prevalent methods of motion adjustment for minesweeper robots in an operational environment of mine field is studied experimentally and advantages and disadvantages of these methods are overviewed. Eventually, an experimental method, which eliminates problems of previous methods and has a high accuracy in motion adjustment is presented.
Optimization of Motion Adjustment Pattern in Intelligent Minesweeper Robots (Experimental Research)
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-04-25
© Science Publishing Group
Yahya Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi
Sanaz Taheri Boshrooyeh
Milad Bahrami
Danial Bahrami
Optimization of Motion Adjustment Pattern in Intelligent Minesweeper Robots (Experimental Research)
2
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40
40
2014-04-25
2014-04-25
10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
Aspects Regarding Operation Characteristics of Brush-less Direct Current Motors
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.12
The researches regarding optimization in the area of electrical machines, include with priority the problem of the energy efficiency, by increasing the efficiency and the power factor. The objectives followed in this paper are the analysis of the operation characteristics, the fabrication and exploitation cost for brushless direct current motors rated at very low power. The utilization of permanent magnets having high specific energy in the construction of these motors influenced the machine performances, the cost and exploitation price. The research carried out aims at reducing the electrical energy consumption in exploitation by optimally dimensioning the permanent magnets. The last part of the paper compares two motors (brushless direct current motor and synchronous motor), both of them having permanent magnets, the same rated data, the same electromagnetic stresses and the same main constructive dimensions. It results that, using the brushless direct current motor instead of the synchronous one, the consumption of active electrical energy is reduced with 11.8%, and the machine weight is reduced with 12.7%.
The researches regarding optimization in the area of electrical machines, include with priority the problem of the energy efficiency, by increasing the efficiency and the power factor. The objectives followed in this paper are the analysis of the operation characteristics, the fabrication and exploitation cost for brushless direct current motors rated at very low power. The utilization of permanent magnets having high specific energy in the construction of these motors influenced the machine performances, the cost and exploitation price. The research carried out aims at reducing the electrical energy consumption in exploitation by optimally dimensioning the permanent magnets. The last part of the paper compares two motors (brushless direct current motor and synchronous motor), both of them having permanent magnets, the same rated data, the same electromagnetic stresses and the same main constructive dimensions. It results that, using the brushless direct current motor instead of the synchronous one, the consumption of active electrical energy is reduced with 11.8%, and the machine weight is reduced with 12.7%.
Aspects Regarding Operation Characteristics of Brush-less Direct Current Motors
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-06-27
© Science Publishing Group
Ion Vlad
Sorin Enache
Monica Adela Enache
Aspects Regarding Operation Characteristics of Brush-less Direct Current Motors
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46
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2014-06-27
2014-06-27
10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
An Efficient Fractional-Pixel Motion Compensation Based on Cubic Convolution Interpolation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140203.11
The fractional-pixel motion compensation is used in the H.264/AVC algorithm, in order to improve the coding efficiency of fractional-pixel displacement, an efficient cubic convolution interpolation (CCI) with four coefficients is proposed. In this paper, the detailed derivation of the CCI filter and using CCI with fractional-pixel displacement are presented. It is shown by computer simulation that the presented method substantially reduces the computation complexity and also increases the precision of the motion compensation.
The fractional-pixel motion compensation is used in the H.264/AVC algorithm, in order to improve the coding efficiency of fractional-pixel displacement, an efficient cubic convolution interpolation (CCI) with four coefficients is proposed. In this paper, the detailed derivation of the CCI filter and using CCI with fractional-pixel displacement are presented. It is shown by computer simulation that the presented method substantially reduces the computation complexity and also increases the precision of the motion compensation.
An Efficient Fractional-Pixel Motion Compensation Based on Cubic Convolution Interpolation
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140203.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-09-20
© Science Publishing Group
Lung-Jen Wang
Chia-Tzu Shu
An Efficient Fractional-Pixel Motion Compensation Based on Cubic Convolution Interpolation
2
3
54
54
2014-09-20
2014-09-20
10.11648/j.jeee.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
LabVIEW Based Design Implementation of M-PSK Transceiver Using Multiple Forward Error Correction Coding Technique for Software Defined Radio Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.11
Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is an enabling technology which is useful in a wide range of areas within wireless systems. SDR offers a perfect solution to the problem of spectrum scarcity in wireless communication. With the significant increase in the demand for reliable, high data rate transmission these days, a different number of modulation techniques need to be adopted. The main objective of this paper is to design and analyze an SDR based M-Phase Shift Keying (PSK) transceiver using LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) and to measure the Bit Error Rate (BER) in the presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) introduced in the channel. Forward Error Correction (FEC) is used as a channel coding scheme in this paper. FEC codes are used where the re-transmission of the data is not feasible, thus redundant bits are added along with the message bits and transmitted through the channel. This paper describes the fundamental concept for the design & development of an SDR -based transceiver simulation model under PSK Scheme & analyses the performance of two Forward Error Correction channel coding algorithms namely the Convolution and the Turbo Codes. In this paper we have shown that how fast and effectively we can build a PSK transceiver for interactive Software Defined Radio. With the help of this design we are able to see and prove that data errors can be minimized using coding techniques, which in turn improves the Signal to noise ratio (SNR).
Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is an enabling technology which is useful in a wide range of areas within wireless systems. SDR offers a perfect solution to the problem of spectrum scarcity in wireless communication. With the significant increase in the demand for reliable, high data rate transmission these days, a different number of modulation techniques need to be adopted. The main objective of this paper is to design and analyze an SDR based M-Phase Shift Keying (PSK) transceiver using LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) and to measure the Bit Error Rate (BER) in the presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) introduced in the channel. Forward Error Correction (FEC) is used as a channel coding scheme in this paper. FEC codes are used where the re-transmission of the data is not feasible, thus redundant bits are added along with the message bits and transmitted through the channel. This paper describes the fundamental concept for the design & development of an SDR -based transceiver simulation model under PSK Scheme & analyses the performance of two Forward Error Correction channel coding algorithms namely the Convolution and the Turbo Codes. In this paper we have shown that how fast and effectively we can build a PSK transceiver for interactive Software Defined Radio. With the help of this design we are able to see and prove that data errors can be minimized using coding techniques, which in turn improves the Signal to noise ratio (SNR).
LabVIEW Based Design Implementation of M-PSK Transceiver Using Multiple Forward Error Correction Coding Technique for Software Defined Radio Applications
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-11-14
© Science Publishing Group
Nikhil Marriwala
Om Prakash Sahu
Anil Vohra
LabVIEW Based Design Implementation of M-PSK Transceiver Using Multiple Forward Error Correction Coding Technique for Software Defined Radio Applications
2
4
63
63
2014-11-14
2014-11-14
10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Optimum Bit Rate for Image Transmission over Underwater Acoustic Channel
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.12
In this paper, image transmission in underwater channels is considered. The images are encoded with forward error correction using an unequal error protection technique together with the Reed-Solomon codes and dynamic bit-rate allocation before transmitted. This paper proposes a novel rate allocation scheme for efficient image bit stream transmission in underwater acoustic channels with optimum bit rates. The optimality is achieved in the sense that the comprehensive peak signal–to–noise ratio of the image transmission is maximized under channel bit rate and bit error rate constraints. Based on a modified set partitioning in hierarchical trees (M-SPIHT) image coder, four different flocks of bit-streams based on their significance levels are generated. According to their significance levels, the blocks of the significant bits, the sign bits, the set bits and the refinement bits are transmitted with different protection levels, so as to reduce the total distortion of received image. In addition to the careful selection of each component and intuitive justification in the detailed system design, simulation results have also been included. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme outperforms the equal error protection for image transmission in underwater channels, significantly improves the peak signals–to–noise ratio (PSNR) performance in comparison to existing coding schemes.
In this paper, image transmission in underwater channels is considered. The images are encoded with forward error correction using an unequal error protection technique together with the Reed-Solomon codes and dynamic bit-rate allocation before transmitted. This paper proposes a novel rate allocation scheme for efficient image bit stream transmission in underwater acoustic channels with optimum bit rates. The optimality is achieved in the sense that the comprehensive peak signal–to–noise ratio of the image transmission is maximized under channel bit rate and bit error rate constraints. Based on a modified set partitioning in hierarchical trees (M-SPIHT) image coder, four different flocks of bit-streams based on their significance levels are generated. According to their significance levels, the blocks of the significant bits, the sign bits, the set bits and the refinement bits are transmitted with different protection levels, so as to reduce the total distortion of received image. In addition to the careful selection of each component and intuitive justification in the detailed system design, simulation results have also been included. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme outperforms the equal error protection for image transmission in underwater channels, significantly improves the peak signals–to–noise ratio (PSNR) performance in comparison to existing coding schemes.
Optimum Bit Rate for Image Transmission over Underwater Acoustic Channel
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-11-27
© Science Publishing Group
Hamada Esmaiel
Danchi Jiang
Optimum Bit Rate for Image Transmission over Underwater Acoustic Channel
2
4
74
74
2014-11-27
2014-11-27
10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
A Design Solution to Reduce DC Bus Voltage Stress in Single Switch Power Quality Converter
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140205.11
Power quality is becoming an important issue for electricity consumers at all level of usages. Sensitive equipment and non-linear loads are common in both industrial and domestic environment. Harmonic distortion can result in malfunction of sensitive equipments and generators. Power factor corrected converter is increasingly used in industry to improve input current quality and regulate the output voltage of front end converter. This paper presents a Single Switch Power Quality Converter which achieves both power factor correction and output voltage regulation by using only one switch. This paper deals with the design method in the reduction of DC bus voltage stress during light load, by selecting proper boost inductor using Equal Area Criterion (EAC).
Power quality is becoming an important issue for electricity consumers at all level of usages. Sensitive equipment and non-linear loads are common in both industrial and domestic environment. Harmonic distortion can result in malfunction of sensitive equipments and generators. Power factor corrected converter is increasingly used in industry to improve input current quality and regulate the output voltage of front end converter. This paper presents a Single Switch Power Quality Converter which achieves both power factor correction and output voltage regulation by using only one switch. This paper deals with the design method in the reduction of DC bus voltage stress during light load, by selecting proper boost inductor using Equal Area Criterion (EAC).
A Design Solution to Reduce DC Bus Voltage Stress in Single Switch Power Quality Converter
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140205.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-22
© Science Publishing Group
Bindu S. J., C. A. Babu
A Design Solution to Reduce DC Bus Voltage Stress in Single Switch Power Quality Converter
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5
81
81
2014-12-22
2014-12-22
10.11648/j.jeee.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
New Delta Sigma Modulator Structure Using Second Order Filter in One Stage Technique
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.11
In this paper, a new structure of delta sigma modulator has been proposed in which a second order filter in one stage technique has been taken into the account and a second order noise shaping method and a third order one have been designed by the proposed idea. In the proposed structure an OPAMP has been saved and since in a conventional delta sigma modulator OPAMPs consumes most of the power and takes very large area, the proposed idea causes less power consumption and also the chip area is minimized.
In this paper, a new structure of delta sigma modulator has been proposed in which a second order filter in one stage technique has been taken into the account and a second order noise shaping method and a third order one have been designed by the proposed idea. In the proposed structure an OPAMP has been saved and since in a conventional delta sigma modulator OPAMPs consumes most of the power and takes very large area, the proposed idea causes less power consumption and also the chip area is minimized.
New Delta Sigma Modulator Structure Using Second Order Filter in One Stage Technique
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-01-14
© Science Publishing Group
M. Dashtbayazi
M. Sabaghi
M. Rezaei
S. Marjani
New Delta Sigma Modulator Structure Using Second Order Filter in One Stage Technique
2
6
88
88
2015-01-14
2015-01-14
10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Embedded System for Speech Recognition and Image Processing
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.12
In recent years, the products of voice terminal and image retrieval show the intelligentized trend, but the mature commodities are rare in the market. This paper presents an embedded design method of intelligent voice terminal based on pattern recognition. The design adopts Samsung S3C2410 ARM as target board, Philips Uda1341TS as audio codec, embedded Linux OS as software platform, and speech recognition is implemented through small-vocabulary voice training. To improve the recognized effect, we use the image retrieval technology as an auxiliary tool, which helps speech recognition module create or more accurately find a personal voice-training library. By means of image recognition, the experimental results prove that the effect of speech recognition achieves an average increase of 10 percentages.
In recent years, the products of voice terminal and image retrieval show the intelligentized trend, but the mature commodities are rare in the market. This paper presents an embedded design method of intelligent voice terminal based on pattern recognition. The design adopts Samsung S3C2410 ARM as target board, Philips Uda1341TS as audio codec, embedded Linux OS as software platform, and speech recognition is implemented through small-vocabulary voice training. To improve the recognized effect, we use the image retrieval technology as an auxiliary tool, which helps speech recognition module create or more accurately find a personal voice-training library. By means of image recognition, the experimental results prove that the effect of speech recognition achieves an average increase of 10 percentages.
Embedded System for Speech Recognition and Image Processing
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-06
© Science Publishing Group
Zhengxi Wei
Jinming Liang
Embedded System for Speech Recognition and Image Processing
2
6
93
93
2015-02-06
2015-02-06
10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
Improved Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Image Segmentation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.11
In order to preserve more image details and enhance its robustness to noise for image segmentation, an improved fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) for image segmentation is presented by incorporating the local spatial information and gray level information in this paper. The modified membership function and clustering center function are more mathematically reasonable than those of the FLICM, so the iterative sequence can converge to a local minimum value of the improved objective function. The new fuzzy factor grants the algorithm a novel balance between robustness to noise and effectiveness of preserving the details. The revised algorithm flow has significantly accelerated the processing procedure. Through these improvements, the experiments on the artificial and real images show that the proposed algorithm is very effective.
In order to preserve more image details and enhance its robustness to noise for image segmentation, an improved fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) for image segmentation is presented by incorporating the local spatial information and gray level information in this paper. The modified membership function and clustering center function are more mathematically reasonable than those of the FLICM, so the iterative sequence can converge to a local minimum value of the improved objective function. The new fuzzy factor grants the algorithm a novel balance between robustness to noise and effectiveness of preserving the details. The revised algorithm flow has significantly accelerated the processing procedure. Through these improvements, the experiments on the artificial and real images show that the proposed algorithm is very effective.
Improved Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Image Segmentation
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-01-22
© Science Publishing Group
Xuegang Hu
Lei Li
Improved Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm for Image Segmentation
3
1
5
5
2015-01-22
2015-01-22
10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Particular Transient Regimes of Asynchronous Motors Supplied by PWM Converters
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.12
This paper presents a few aspects regarding the analysis of some dynamic regimes of asynchronous motors supplied at variable frequency. In this purpose, in the first part of the paper, there are detailed the Simulink blocks of a program for simulating the operation of driving systems with static converters with precomputed commutation moments. Then there are presented the simulations obtained with the help of this program in case when the supply frequency is modified by jump. The accent is laid on the rate of time-dependent variation of the stator current. The results obtained are compared with the experimental results obtained with the help of a high-speed data acquisition board. The paper ends with conclusions and references.
This paper presents a few aspects regarding the analysis of some dynamic regimes of asynchronous motors supplied at variable frequency. In this purpose, in the first part of the paper, there are detailed the Simulink blocks of a program for simulating the operation of driving systems with static converters with precomputed commutation moments. Then there are presented the simulations obtained with the help of this program in case when the supply frequency is modified by jump. The accent is laid on the rate of time-dependent variation of the stator current. The results obtained are compared with the experimental results obtained with the help of a high-speed data acquisition board. The paper ends with conclusions and references.
Particular Transient Regimes of Asynchronous Motors Supplied by PWM Converters
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-03-02
© Science Publishing Group
Monica-Adela Enache
Sorin Enache
Ion Vlad
Gheorghe-Eugen Subtirelu
Particular Transient Regimes of Asynchronous Motors Supplied by PWM Converters
3
1
11
11
2015-03-02
2015-03-02
10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Open-Loop Voltage Control Voltage Source Inverter for a Linear Load & Non-Linear Load
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.12
The conventional sources of energy are limited which are unable to meet the demand. There is always need of generation of electrical energy worldwide, may be in terms of few kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts. The power requirement at the domestic level is terms of few kilowatts so there should be a way to meet the electrical demand at domestic level during load shading or fault. A subtitle to this could be a Voltage controlled voltage source inverters (VCVSIs). Now a day, such inverters are widely used in many applications like power supplies, power quality controllers, renewable energy, marine and military to meet the demand. Wherever an ac supply is need from a DC source, such inverters may be used. They are the heart and soul of converting DC into an ac source. Hence, such inverters should be designed so that they are robust and efficient. Inverter models can be design and simulated with software like Matlab Simulink to check suitability of inverter before implementing the hardware. Loads at the domestic level may be linear or non- linear hence a simple approach to design a voltage source inverter using open loop is presented in this paper.
The conventional sources of energy are limited which are unable to meet the demand. There is always need of generation of electrical energy worldwide, may be in terms of few kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts. The power requirement at the domestic level is terms of few kilowatts so there should be a way to meet the electrical demand at domestic level during load shading or fault. A subtitle to this could be a Voltage controlled voltage source inverters (VCVSIs). Now a day, such inverters are widely used in many applications like power supplies, power quality controllers, renewable energy, marine and military to meet the demand. Wherever an ac supply is need from a DC source, such inverters may be used. They are the heart and soul of converting DC into an ac source. Hence, such inverters should be designed so that they are robust and efficient. Inverter models can be design and simulated with software like Matlab Simulink to check suitability of inverter before implementing the hardware. Loads at the domestic level may be linear or non- linear hence a simple approach to design a voltage source inverter using open loop is presented in this paper.
Open-Loop Voltage Control Voltage Source Inverter for a Linear Load & Non-Linear Load
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-10-17
© Science Publishing Group
Akhilesh Sharma
Neeraj Kumar
Gunjan Gupta
Open-Loop Voltage Control Voltage Source Inverter for a Linear Load & Non-Linear Load
3
1
21
21
2014-10-17
2014-10-17
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Risk Management Methods Applied to Renewable and Sustainable Energy: A Review
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.11
Renewable energy policy has always been recognized as a major incentive to the growth of renewable energy and market. In particular, in the last decade, renewable energy sources are considerably increased due to the supportive renewable energy policy worldwide. Policymakers keep on updating and revising policies in response to market changes and advances in technologies. At the same time, policymakers have shifted their perspectives from cost and benefit to risk and return so as to align with investors’ perspectives. As a result, risk management has to be kept accordance with the changing policy of renewable energy. The dynamic process is important to make certain that major risks are not unattended and managed. The intent of the research is to provide stakeholders in renewable energy projects, including policymakers, financiers, developers and risk management instrument providers, a thorough review of risk management of renewable energy policy and to better define those risks so that they can be adequately mitigated to attract future investment. Five major risks which include market, credit, operational, liquidity and political risks associated with renewable energy developments and markets have been identified. Particularly, renewable energy policy risk is investigated and commonly used risk management tools are reviewed and proposed to address the associated risks and uncertainties faced by financers, developers and investors. It is also intended to setup a place for stakeholders to start, either when they want to replicate current, or are trying to develop new, workable risk management measures for renewable energy policy.
Renewable energy policy has always been recognized as a major incentive to the growth of renewable energy and market. In particular, in the last decade, renewable energy sources are considerably increased due to the supportive renewable energy policy worldwide. Policymakers keep on updating and revising policies in response to market changes and advances in technologies. At the same time, policymakers have shifted their perspectives from cost and benefit to risk and return so as to align with investors’ perspectives. As a result, risk management has to be kept accordance with the changing policy of renewable energy. The dynamic process is important to make certain that major risks are not unattended and managed. The intent of the research is to provide stakeholders in renewable energy projects, including policymakers, financiers, developers and risk management instrument providers, a thorough review of risk management of renewable energy policy and to better define those risks so that they can be adequately mitigated to attract future investment. Five major risks which include market, credit, operational, liquidity and political risks associated with renewable energy developments and markets have been identified. Particularly, renewable energy policy risk is investigated and commonly used risk management tools are reviewed and proposed to address the associated risks and uncertainties faced by financers, developers and investors. It is also intended to setup a place for stakeholders to start, either when they want to replicate current, or are trying to develop new, workable risk management measures for renewable energy policy.
Risk Management Methods Applied to Renewable and Sustainable Energy: A Review
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-10-17
© Science Publishing Group
Lee Cheuk Wing
Zhong Jin
Risk Management Methods Applied to Renewable and Sustainable Energy: A Review
3
1
12
12
2014-10-17
2014-10-17
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controls of a PMSM: A Comparative Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.13
Permanent magnet Synchronous machines (PMSM) provide high efficiency, compact size, robustness, lightweight, and low noise; these features qualify them as the best suitable machine for medical applications. Without forgetting its simple structure, high thrust, ease of maintenance, and controller feedback, make it possible to take the place of steam catapults in the future. This paper presents the synergetic control approach for PMSM. Synergetic control theory is purely analytical and is based on nonlinear models, provide asymptotic stability. This approach allows to reduce the chattering phenomenon. To verify the performance characteristics of this approach, we compare it with sliding mode. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Permanent magnet Synchronous machines (PMSM) provide high efficiency, compact size, robustness, lightweight, and low noise; these features qualify them as the best suitable machine for medical applications. Without forgetting its simple structure, high thrust, ease of maintenance, and controller feedback, make it possible to take the place of steam catapults in the future. This paper presents the synergetic control approach for PMSM. Synergetic control theory is purely analytical and is based on nonlinear models, provide asymptotic stability. This approach allows to reduce the chattering phenomenon. To verify the performance characteristics of this approach, we compare it with sliding mode. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controls of a PMSM: A Comparative Study
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-05
© Science Publishing Group
Nourdine Bounasla
Kamel Eddine Hemsas
Hacene Mellah
Synergetic and Sliding Mode Controls of a PMSM: A Comparative Study
3
1
26
26
2015-02-05
2015-02-05
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030101.13
© Science Publishing Group
Theoretical Investigation of Transmission and Dispersion Properties of One Dimensional Photonic Crystal
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.11
In this work, we demonstrate via numerical simulation the general design for one dimensional photonic crystal (1D- PC). In the design procedure, the transfer matrix method and Bloch theorem are used to determine the transmission coefficient and dispersion relation of (1D- PC) structure for both TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic) modes. Results obtained showing the effect of the filling factor as well as the incident angle on the photonic band gap width. The analysis is carried out using MATLAB software tool. The accuracy of the analysis is tested by comparing the computed results with measurements published data.
In this work, we demonstrate via numerical simulation the general design for one dimensional photonic crystal (1D- PC). In the design procedure, the transfer matrix method and Bloch theorem are used to determine the transmission coefficient and dispersion relation of (1D- PC) structure for both TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic) modes. Results obtained showing the effect of the filling factor as well as the incident angle on the photonic band gap width. The analysis is carried out using MATLAB software tool. The accuracy of the analysis is tested by comparing the computed results with measurements published data.
Theoretical Investigation of Transmission and Dispersion Properties of One Dimensional Photonic Crystal
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-03-10
© Science Publishing Group
Ouarda Barkat
Theoretical Investigation of Transmission and Dispersion Properties of One Dimensional Photonic Crystal
3
2
18
18
2015-03-10
2015-03-10
10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
An Optimized DAC Timing Strategy in SAR ADC with Considering the Overshoot Effect
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.12
In this paper, we report an ultra-low power successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to digital converter (ADC) by using a DAC timing strategy with considering overshoot effect to increase the sampling rate. This ADC is simulated for power supplies voltage of 0.6 V and 1.2 V in a 130-nm CMOS technology. The results indicate an ENOB greater than 9.3 bits for its full sampling-rate range (4 to 32 MS/s) with an FOM=5.3 to 9.3 fJ/conv-step.
In this paper, we report an ultra-low power successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to digital converter (ADC) by using a DAC timing strategy with considering overshoot effect to increase the sampling rate. This ADC is simulated for power supplies voltage of 0.6 V and 1.2 V in a 130-nm CMOS technology. The results indicate an ENOB greater than 9.3 bits for its full sampling-rate range (4 to 32 MS/s) with an FOM=5.3 to 9.3 fJ/conv-step.
An Optimized DAC Timing Strategy in SAR ADC with Considering the Overshoot Effect
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-04-02
© Science Publishing Group
M. Dashtbayazi
M. Sabaghi
S. Marjani
An Optimized DAC Timing Strategy in SAR ADC with Considering the Overshoot Effect
3
2
24
24
2015-04-02
2015-04-02
10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
VoIP Codec Selection for Digital PLC Systems
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.20
IP-based networks developments highly integrate the communication systems and significantly reduce the installation cost. Digital PLC systems with the capability of Ethernet and VoIP services are designed because of the demand of new communication services in the electric power industry. Also due to the limited bandwidth in digital PLC systems, there are several techniques for optimal use of transmission capacity. In this paper, the possibility of using VoIP services in digital PLC systems has been investigated. Many conventional standards are studied for several parameters such as total algorithm delay, voice payload size/duration, packets per second, and bandwidth to select the best codec. Finally, a proper codec is recommended to employ in the digital PLC's VoIP service according to the two important factors in quality of voice services, i.e. available bandwidth and latency.
IP-based networks developments highly integrate the communication systems and significantly reduce the installation cost. Digital PLC systems with the capability of Ethernet and VoIP services are designed because of the demand of new communication services in the electric power industry. Also due to the limited bandwidth in digital PLC systems, there are several techniques for optimal use of transmission capacity. In this paper, the possibility of using VoIP services in digital PLC systems has been investigated. Many conventional standards are studied for several parameters such as total algorithm delay, voice payload size/duration, packets per second, and bandwidth to select the best codec. Finally, a proper codec is recommended to employ in the digital PLC's VoIP service according to the two important factors in quality of voice services, i.e. available bandwidth and latency.
VoIP Codec Selection for Digital PLC Systems
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.20
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-31
© Science Publishing Group
Maryam Shabro
Behnam Gholamrezazadeh Family
Vahid Hammiaty Vaghef
VoIP Codec Selection for Digital PLC Systems
3
2
49
49
2014-12-31
2014-12-31
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.20
© Science Publishing Group
A New Attack on Link-State Database in Open Shortest Path First Routing Protocol
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.19
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol known as interior gateway of routing protocol is a major competitor for Cisco's EIGRP of a special routing protocol. Most attacks on this protocol are based on LSA fake router which the attacker has control over it. These attacks can affect the part of the routing domain or cause severe damage based on the strategic location of the router in the AS to bring domain routing. Attacks that cause much damage to a network security mechanism and enables fight-back will not have effect on routing domain. In this paper we will describe an attack that can arbitrarily change the routing domain routing table with harmfully threats without fight back mechanism enabled.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol known as interior gateway of routing protocol is a major competitor for Cisco's EIGRP of a special routing protocol. Most attacks on this protocol are based on LSA fake router which the attacker has control over it. These attacks can affect the part of the routing domain or cause severe damage based on the strategic location of the router in the AS to bring domain routing. Attacks that cause much damage to a network security mechanism and enables fight-back will not have effect on routing domain. In this paper we will describe an attack that can arbitrarily change the routing domain routing table with harmfully threats without fight back mechanism enabled.
A New Attack on Link-State Database in Open Shortest Path First Routing Protocol
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.19
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-30
© Science Publishing Group
Esmail Kaffashi
Ahmad Madadi Mousavi
Hamid Rezaei Rahvard
Sahar Hemmatian Bojnordi
Forough Khademsadegh
Soheila Amirian
A New Attack on Link-State Database in Open Shortest Path First Routing Protocol
3
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45
45
2014-12-30
2014-12-30
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.19
© Science Publishing Group
Production of Iridium Metal Thin Films for Application as Electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.18
Thin films of Noble metals such as Iridium have several potential applications in ICs. Electronic devices are fabricated on the integrated circuits that include transistor, capacitor and resistance. They can be used as electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs, and as gate electrodes in MOSFETs. Noble metals are excellent metals for electrode fabrication because chemical stability, highly electrical resistance, highly work function and many of them can withstand highly oxidizing conditions. In this paper, emphasis is on reaction mechanisms and limits, leakage currents, electrodes and electrode interfaces and deposition techniques.
Thin films of Noble metals such as Iridium have several potential applications in ICs. Electronic devices are fabricated on the integrated circuits that include transistor, capacitor and resistance. They can be used as electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs, and as gate electrodes in MOSFETs. Noble metals are excellent metals for electrode fabrication because chemical stability, highly electrical resistance, highly work function and many of them can withstand highly oxidizing conditions. In this paper, emphasis is on reaction mechanisms and limits, leakage currents, electrodes and electrode interfaces and deposition techniques.
Production of Iridium Metal Thin Films for Application as Electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.18
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Sakine Shirvaliloo
Hale Kangarloo
Production of Iridium Metal Thin Films for Application as Electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs
3
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38
38
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.18
© Science Publishing Group
Design of a PID Feed-Forward Controller for Controlling Output Fluid Temperature in Shell and Tube Hear Exchanger
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.17
The most important part in chemical processes, which is directly related to energy consumption, is heat exchanger. Main purpose of heat exchanger is transferring heat from hot fluid to cold fluid. There are different heat exchangers in industry, which their common types are shell and tube heat exchangers. In these heat exchangers, one fluid flows in tubes and the other in shell around tubes. In heat exchangers, one of the important issues is reaching output fluid temperature to given temperature in the least possible time. In this paper, PID controller along with forward-feeding controller was designed to control output fluid temperature of a shell and tube heat exchanger. First, process mathematical modeling is done using experimental data, and then the controller is designed. Designed controller regulates output temperature of heating fluid to a desired point in the least possible time without considering a non-linear process. Then, controller performance is evaluated by unit step response analysis and performance indicators related to the control system. Modeling all processes and designing controllers are done in MATLAB software Simulink.
The most important part in chemical processes, which is directly related to energy consumption, is heat exchanger. Main purpose of heat exchanger is transferring heat from hot fluid to cold fluid. There are different heat exchangers in industry, which their common types are shell and tube heat exchangers. In these heat exchangers, one fluid flows in tubes and the other in shell around tubes. In heat exchangers, one of the important issues is reaching output fluid temperature to given temperature in the least possible time. In this paper, PID controller along with forward-feeding controller was designed to control output fluid temperature of a shell and tube heat exchanger. First, process mathematical modeling is done using experimental data, and then the controller is designed. Designed controller regulates output temperature of heating fluid to a desired point in the least possible time without considering a non-linear process. Then, controller performance is evaluated by unit step response analysis and performance indicators related to the control system. Modeling all processes and designing controllers are done in MATLAB software Simulink.
Design of a PID Feed-Forward Controller for Controlling Output Fluid Temperature in Shell and Tube Hear Exchanger
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.17
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Navid Khalili Dizaji
Aidin Sakhvati
Seyed Hossein Hosseini
Design of a PID Feed-Forward Controller for Controlling Output Fluid Temperature in Shell and Tube Hear Exchanger
3
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34
34
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.17
© Science Publishing Group
Evaluation of Uncertainties on the Performance of Distance Relay
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.16
Global demand growth for electric energy has speed up development in designing power systems in order to meet users' needs for providing reliable, cheap and high quality electric energy. In power networks the first zone of distance relay is considered as main protection for transmission lines. Zones 2 and 3 of this relay are considered as supporting protection for next lines. Distance relay can be affected by many factors which are not clear and definite. These factors which are considered as uncertainties are fault resistance, fault in measurement transformers, ground resistance, and change in structure and exploitation conditions. In this article we prove their considering uncertainties approaches zone 1 distance relay extent to 100 percent of protected line provides more reliable protection for transmission lines.
Global demand growth for electric energy has speed up development in designing power systems in order to meet users' needs for providing reliable, cheap and high quality electric energy. In power networks the first zone of distance relay is considered as main protection for transmission lines. Zones 2 and 3 of this relay are considered as supporting protection for next lines. Distance relay can be affected by many factors which are not clear and definite. These factors which are considered as uncertainties are fault resistance, fault in measurement transformers, ground resistance, and change in structure and exploitation conditions. In this article we prove their considering uncertainties approaches zone 1 distance relay extent to 100 percent of protected line provides more reliable protection for transmission lines.
Evaluation of Uncertainties on the Performance of Distance Relay
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.16
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Seyyd Mahmood Mosavi
Evaluation of Uncertainties on the Performance of Distance Relay
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29
29
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.16
© Science Publishing Group
Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Eliminating Artifacts of Life Signals Using Fuzzy and Neural Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.15
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the commonly used non-invasive techniques for understanding the brain functions. This paper presents a method for removing electroocular (EOG) artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG). A new adaptive radial-basis function- networks- (RBFN-) for the adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) problem is proposed. Also, the algorithm of structure identification and parameters adjustment is developed. The proposed RBFN approach implements Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems, functionally. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive RBFN can remove the noise successfully and efficiently with a parsimonious structure.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the commonly used non-invasive techniques for understanding the brain functions. This paper presents a method for removing electroocular (EOG) artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG). A new adaptive radial-basis function- networks- (RBFN-) for the adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) problem is proposed. Also, the algorithm of structure identification and parameters adjustment is developed. The proposed RBFN approach implements Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems, functionally. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive RBFN can remove the noise successfully and efficiently with a parsimonious structure.
Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Eliminating Artifacts of Life Signals Using Fuzzy and Neural Networks
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.15
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-11-24
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Seifi
Aliakbar Kargaran Erdechi
Ahmad Hajipour
Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Eliminating Artifacts of Life Signals Using Fuzzy and Neural Networks
3
2
24
24
2014-11-24
2014-11-24
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.15
© Science Publishing Group
Studying the Effect of Existing Technologies in a Smart Grid for Reducing the Distribution Networks Losses
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.14
Nowadays, population growth and the electrical load demand on the one hand and rising cost of energy generation on the other hand have led to raises reducing the losses in distribution networks as a serious challenge. According to studies, smart grid is posed as the most important applicable solution to eliminate these problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of communication and information technologies and new control capabilities in smart grids for reducing distribution network dissipations. In this study, a new formulation and an optimal load flow algorithm are used to reduce losses in the smart distribution network. Optimal load flow for a 69-bus IEEE network as well as the installation of the smart network facilities are implemented in the MATLAB and GAMS software and the results show that distribution network losses are greatly reduced.
Nowadays, population growth and the electrical load demand on the one hand and rising cost of energy generation on the other hand have led to raises reducing the losses in distribution networks as a serious challenge. According to studies, smart grid is posed as the most important applicable solution to eliminate these problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of communication and information technologies and new control capabilities in smart grids for reducing distribution network dissipations. In this study, a new formulation and an optimal load flow algorithm are used to reduce losses in the smart distribution network. Optimal load flow for a 69-bus IEEE network as well as the installation of the smart network facilities are implemented in the MATLAB and GAMS software and the results show that distribution network losses are greatly reduced.
Studying the Effect of Existing Technologies in a Smart Grid for Reducing the Distribution Networks Losses
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.14
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Zahra Alizadeh
Studying the Effect of Existing Technologies in a Smart Grid for Reducing the Distribution Networks Losses
3
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20
20
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.14
© Science Publishing Group
Pitch Aircraft Control with Type-2 FLC and PD Controller
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.13
Aircraft systems are inherently unstable systems. The equations governing the motion of an aircraft are a very complicated set of six non-linear coupled differential equations. The linearized equation around the operating point is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. Also, the linear part of the system of nonlinear equations is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. In this study, combinations of PD controllers with fuzzy controller in a unity feedback system has been employed. This paper gives a comparison between the two types of FLC type-1 and type-2 in order to show the great effect of the new type of FLCs in reducing overshoot of the step response and improving the robustness of the system.
Aircraft systems are inherently unstable systems. The equations governing the motion of an aircraft are a very complicated set of six non-linear coupled differential equations. The linearized equation around the operating point is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. Also, the linear part of the system of nonlinear equations is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. In this study, combinations of PD controllers with fuzzy controller in a unity feedback system has been employed. This paper gives a comparison between the two types of FLC type-1 and type-2 in order to show the great effect of the new type of FLCs in reducing overshoot of the step response and improving the robustness of the system.
Pitch Aircraft Control with Type-2 FLC and PD Controller
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-11-18
© Science Publishing Group
Syed Mohamad Reza Haji Mirzaie
Hodeiseh Gordan
Jalil Shirazi
Amin Nikbakht
Pitch Aircraft Control with Type-2 FLC and PD Controller
3
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15
15
2014-11-18
2014-11-18
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.13
© Science Publishing Group
Proper Communicative Protocols in Building Management System
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.12
Increasing energy consumption, finite energy resources, negative effects of excessive use of energy on environment, and increasing energy price forces administrators and consumers to look for different ways of saving and accurate consumption. Implementing smart systems and managing energy consumption in buildings are examples of applying modern technology. Implementing this technology not only reduces energy consumption, but also provides appropriate situation and increase the welfare of residents. This research studies the concept of Building Management System (BMS) in construction industry, especially reviews some communicative protocols in building management system, and after comparing and analyzing them, proposes X-10 protocol in home automation from cost, time consuming and simplicity of installation aspects.
Increasing energy consumption, finite energy resources, negative effects of excessive use of energy on environment, and increasing energy price forces administrators and consumers to look for different ways of saving and accurate consumption. Implementing smart systems and managing energy consumption in buildings are examples of applying modern technology. Implementing this technology not only reduces energy consumption, but also provides appropriate situation and increase the welfare of residents. This research studies the concept of Building Management System (BMS) in construction industry, especially reviews some communicative protocols in building management system, and after comparing and analyzing them, proposes X-10 protocol in home automation from cost, time consuming and simplicity of installation aspects.
Proper Communicative Protocols in Building Management System
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-11-24
© Science Publishing Group
Fereshteh Kheirabadi
Seyyed Reza Talebiyan
Proper Communicative Protocols in Building Management System
3
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11
11
2014-11-24
2014-11-24
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Feature of Underground Channel for the Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.11
The propagation characteristics of Electro Magnetic (EM) waves in the soil and also the significant differences between the propagation in the air prevent us from obtaining one direct feature for Wireless Underground Channel. In fact, the underground environment consists of soil, rock and water instead of the air. The challenging reasons of these environments to propagate the wireless signal via the Electro Magnetic (EM) 1 waveguides are considered as: the high path loss, channel dynamic conditions and the high size of antenna. In this study, the details of Bit Error Rate (BER)2 for 2PSK modulations, path loss and the bandwidth of the Magnetic Induction (MI) 3Systems in the underground environment via one small induction coil were evaluated .At the end of this study, a general framework is obtained about the wireless underground communications and wireless underground sensor network. It is concluded that using the proposed framework, the transmission range in MI waves system would be raised and the path loss in that system would be declined severely.
The propagation characteristics of Electro Magnetic (EM) waves in the soil and also the significant differences between the propagation in the air prevent us from obtaining one direct feature for Wireless Underground Channel. In fact, the underground environment consists of soil, rock and water instead of the air. The challenging reasons of these environments to propagate the wireless signal via the Electro Magnetic (EM) 1 waveguides are considered as: the high path loss, channel dynamic conditions and the high size of antenna. In this study, the details of Bit Error Rate (BER)2 for 2PSK modulations, path loss and the bandwidth of the Magnetic Induction (MI) 3Systems in the underground environment via one small induction coil were evaluated .At the end of this study, a general framework is obtained about the wireless underground communications and wireless underground sensor network. It is concluded that using the proposed framework, the transmission range in MI waves system would be raised and the path loss in that system would be declined severely.
The Feature of Underground Channel for the Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2014-11-29
© Science Publishing Group
Farzam Saeednia
Shapour Khorshidi
Mohssen Masoumi
The Feature of Underground Channel for the Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
3
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5
5
2014-11-29
2014-11-29
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Review of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems Based on Intelligent Control
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.23
The system's ability to adapt and self-organize are two key factors when it comes to how well the system can survive the changes to the environment and the plant they work within. Intelligent control improves these two factors in controllers. Considering the increasing complexity of dynamic systems along with their need for feedback controls, using more complicated controls has become necessary and intelligent control can be a suitable response to this necessity. This paper briefly describes the structure of intelligent control and provides a review on fuzzy logic and neural networks which are some of the base methods for intelligent control. The different aspects of these two methods are then compared together and an example of a combined method is presented.
The system's ability to adapt and self-organize are two key factors when it comes to how well the system can survive the changes to the environment and the plant they work within. Intelligent control improves these two factors in controllers. Considering the increasing complexity of dynamic systems along with their need for feedback controls, using more complicated controls has become necessary and intelligent control can be a suitable response to this necessity. This paper briefly describes the structure of intelligent control and provides a review on fuzzy logic and neural networks which are some of the base methods for intelligent control. The different aspects of these two methods are then compared together and an example of a combined method is presented.
A Review of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems Based on Intelligent Control
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.23
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-01-23
© Science Publishing Group
Fatemeh Zahedi
Zahra Zahedi
A Review of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems Based on Intelligent Control
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61
2015-01-23
2015-01-23
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.23
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.23
© Science Publishing Group
Design and Realization of a Miniaturized Low Loss Iris Bandpass Filter on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Configuration in 2.4GHZ Band
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.21
In this paper, a fourth order bandpass Chebyshev filter based on Iris discontinuities and using SIW technology is designed. The structure of the filter consists of SIW cavity resonators that are connected to each other with Iris discontinuities, which operate as impedance inverters. This filter is implemented on a substrate of RO4003C with a central frequency of 2.45GHz and a fractional bandwidth of %4.08 and is designed to be used in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) or Bluetooth. The main idea is to reduce the size of the filter with a factor of two without any distortion in the frequency response. Simulations are done using full-wave HFSS simulator.
In this paper, a fourth order bandpass Chebyshev filter based on Iris discontinuities and using SIW technology is designed. The structure of the filter consists of SIW cavity resonators that are connected to each other with Iris discontinuities, which operate as impedance inverters. This filter is implemented on a substrate of RO4003C with a central frequency of 2.45GHz and a fractional bandwidth of %4.08 and is designed to be used in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) or Bluetooth. The main idea is to reduce the size of the filter with a factor of two without any distortion in the frequency response. Simulations are done using full-wave HFSS simulator.
Design and Realization of a Miniaturized Low Loss Iris Bandpass Filter on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Configuration in 2.4GHZ Band
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.21
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-01-23
© Science Publishing Group
Mona Sameri
Farokh Hojat Kashani
Design and Realization of a Miniaturized Low Loss Iris Bandpass Filter on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Configuration in 2.4GHZ Band
3
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54
54
2015-01-23
2015-01-23
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.21
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.21
© Science Publishing Group
Performance Comparison for Face Recognition using PCA and DCT
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.24
In this paper Performance of Principle Component Analysis and Discrete Cosine Transform methods for feature reduction in face recognition system is compared. In face recognition system, feature extraction is based on wavelet transform and Support Vector Machine classifier for training and recognition is employed. According to experimental results on ORL face dataset the PCA method gives better performance compared to using DCT method.
In this paper Performance of Principle Component Analysis and Discrete Cosine Transform methods for feature reduction in face recognition system is compared. In face recognition system, feature extraction is based on wavelet transform and Support Vector Machine classifier for training and recognition is employed. According to experimental results on ORL face dataset the PCA method gives better performance compared to using DCT method.
Performance Comparison for Face Recognition using PCA and DCT
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.24
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-01-27
© Science Publishing Group
Mozhde Elahi
Mahsa Gharaee
Performance Comparison for Face Recognition using PCA and DCT
3
2
65
65
2015-01-27
2015-01-27
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.24
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.24
© Science Publishing Group
Evaluation of a New Hybrid Technique Based on DTMOS and PFA to Improve Supply Voltage and Power Consumption of a Class-AB Amplifier
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.25
In this paper, two useful techniques of Dynamic Threshold Voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) and Positive Feedback Amplifier (PFA) are investigated separately and are applied simultaneously on a Class-AB Amplifier in the 180 nm CMOS technology. In the first proposed technique, Simulation results show that operating voltage can be limited to ±0.5 V in which the voltage gain and bandwidth are 52.6 dB and 103.51 MHz, respectively. In the second proposed technique, the power consumption is reduced more than 50%, the open-loop gain is enhanced 47% and Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) improves to 86.5 dB. By applying combination of these two techniques for designing the amplifier, CMRR increases to 92.1 dB and the power consumption reduces to 97 µW with the bandwidth of 59.12 MHz.
In this paper, two useful techniques of Dynamic Threshold Voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) and Positive Feedback Amplifier (PFA) are investigated separately and are applied simultaneously on a Class-AB Amplifier in the 180 nm CMOS technology. In the first proposed technique, Simulation results show that operating voltage can be limited to ±0.5 V in which the voltage gain and bandwidth are 52.6 dB and 103.51 MHz, respectively. In the second proposed technique, the power consumption is reduced more than 50%, the open-loop gain is enhanced 47% and Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) improves to 86.5 dB. By applying combination of these two techniques for designing the amplifier, CMRR increases to 92.1 dB and the power consumption reduces to 97 µW with the bandwidth of 59.12 MHz.
Evaluation of a New Hybrid Technique Based on DTMOS and PFA to Improve Supply Voltage and Power Consumption of a Class-AB Amplifier
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.25
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-08
© Science Publishing Group
Hossein Movahedi-Aliabad
Akram Norouzi
Sepideh Soltanmoradi
Mahshid Nasserian
Manijeh Shahi
Evaluation of a New Hybrid Technique Based on DTMOS and PFA to Improve Supply Voltage and Power Consumption of a Class-AB Amplifier
3
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71
71
2015-02-08
2015-02-08
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.25
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.25
© Science Publishing Group
Cost Effective Method to Locate the Vulnerable Nodes of Circuits Against the Electrical Fast Transients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.26
Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) pulses may cause a large number of circuits to fail. Switching power supplies, inductors, contact relays, and high voltage switches electrically or electromagnetically strike the data, address and control lines of processors, memory elements, or even analog parts and leads to soft or permanent errors. In general, compliant test is accomplished to address the susceptibility of circuits to EFT pulses. However, extremely high cost of these tests encounters the compliant test with difficulty. As a result, in this paper a low-cost EFT simulator circuit is proposed to locate the vulnerable parts of the circuit. The approach is easily applicable to any point of any circuit. The design is performed such that the proposed circuit does not damage the Equipment Under Test (EUT). Experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively detects the vulnerable circuits and practically has been used at the design phase of the DTPS-8C device.
Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) pulses may cause a large number of circuits to fail. Switching power supplies, inductors, contact relays, and high voltage switches electrically or electromagnetically strike the data, address and control lines of processors, memory elements, or even analog parts and leads to soft or permanent errors. In general, compliant test is accomplished to address the susceptibility of circuits to EFT pulses. However, extremely high cost of these tests encounters the compliant test with difficulty. As a result, in this paper a low-cost EFT simulator circuit is proposed to locate the vulnerable parts of the circuit. The approach is easily applicable to any point of any circuit. The design is performed such that the proposed circuit does not damage the Equipment Under Test (EUT). Experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively detects the vulnerable circuits and practically has been used at the design phase of the DTPS-8C device.
Cost Effective Method to Locate the Vulnerable Nodes of Circuits Against the Electrical Fast Transients
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.26
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-10
© Science Publishing Group
Behnam Gholamrezazadeh Family
Vahid Hamiyaty Vaghef
Maryam Shabro
Cost Effective Method to Locate the Vulnerable Nodes of Circuits Against the Electrical Fast Transients
3
2
77
77
2015-02-10
2015-02-10
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.26
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.26
© Science Publishing Group
Design and Implementation of a Teleprotection System with Digital and Analog Interfaces
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.29
Safe and un-interrupted power transmission requires a widespread use of control and protection equipment to avoid fault propagation in power network. Protection systems have been used to detect faults and block them to strike the high voltage lines. The teleprotection system continuously sends commands to remote substation in case of fault identification. Thus, the reliability and transmission time are vital issues to avoid intolerable errors. Teleprotection systems are interface between protection system and communication equipment. This paper proposes a digital teleprotection system to connect to digital communication network. The system is based on line interfaces and in accordance to ITU-T G.703 standard (64kbps and 2Mbps rates). Furthermore, the system benefits from the analog interface and direct analog voice band or optical fibers connection using eight independent commands. The system supports 8 channels simultaneously while its transmission time is 4ms at most.
Safe and un-interrupted power transmission requires a widespread use of control and protection equipment to avoid fault propagation in power network. Protection systems have been used to detect faults and block them to strike the high voltage lines. The teleprotection system continuously sends commands to remote substation in case of fault identification. Thus, the reliability and transmission time are vital issues to avoid intolerable errors. Teleprotection systems are interface between protection system and communication equipment. This paper proposes a digital teleprotection system to connect to digital communication network. The system is based on line interfaces and in accordance to ITU-T G.703 standard (64kbps and 2Mbps rates). Furthermore, the system benefits from the analog interface and direct analog voice band or optical fibers connection using eight independent commands. The system supports 8 channels simultaneously while its transmission time is 4ms at most.
Design and Implementation of a Teleprotection System with Digital and Analog Interfaces
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.29
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-12
© Science Publishing Group
Vahid Hamiyaty Vaghef
Maryam Shabro
Behnam Gholamrezazadeh Family
Design and Implementation of a Teleprotection System with Digital and Analog Interfaces
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2015-02-12
2015-02-12
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.29
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.29
© Science Publishing Group
Evaluation Criteria for Reliability in Computer Systems
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.28
Numerical methods, particularly finite element methods, are widely used in solving different problems. Since these methods are approximate, having a real understanding of the distribution of errors is extremely important. With the increasing number of users, the number of cause dfailuresin creases by their fault. In this article we will discuss per formance evaluation system, the performance evaluation of computer and communication systems for quality research that is finding its profit goals for the number of ways to predict the behavior of the system. One of the main parameters in determining the performance evaluation is reliability and because some complex systems cannot be easily modeled by hybrid methods (RBD), we use Markov method.
Numerical methods, particularly finite element methods, are widely used in solving different problems. Since these methods are approximate, having a real understanding of the distribution of errors is extremely important. With the increasing number of users, the number of cause dfailuresin creases by their fault. In this article we will discuss per formance evaluation system, the performance evaluation of computer and communication systems for quality research that is finding its profit goals for the number of ways to predict the behavior of the system. One of the main parameters in determining the performance evaluation is reliability and because some complex systems cannot be easily modeled by hybrid methods (RBD), we use Markov method.
Evaluation Criteria for Reliability in Computer Systems
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.28
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-12
© Science Publishing Group
Esmail Kaffashi
Soheyla Amirian
Sahar Hematian Bojnourdy
Soheila Zahraee
Evaluation Criteria for Reliability in Computer Systems
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2015-02-12
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.28
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.28
© Science Publishing Group
Optimizing the Performance of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors by Embedding Nanoparticles in the Absorption Layer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.27
Metal-Semiconductor-Metal is one of the photodetectors that uses in optical detection. The characteristic of these detectors is improved by Plasmonic Science. Some of these characteristics include higher sensitivity, greater efficiency and improved optical absorption coefficient. Our predictions and the numerical results show high absorption in plasma-based combination of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal photodetectors in embedded Nano-grating and Metallic nanoparticles. The results of the simulation using FDTD simulation software shows that by optimizing the Nano grating metal parameters and embedded metallic nanoparticles, higher electric field is obtained, leading to higher absorption compared with the conventional Metal-Semiconductor-Metal detector. This higher absorption is because of the higher ability of embedded metallic nanoparticles in absorbing the light and scattering properties by conduction electrons via stimulated resonance light from metallic nanoparticles.
Metal-Semiconductor-Metal is one of the photodetectors that uses in optical detection. The characteristic of these detectors is improved by Plasmonic Science. Some of these characteristics include higher sensitivity, greater efficiency and improved optical absorption coefficient. Our predictions and the numerical results show high absorption in plasma-based combination of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal photodetectors in embedded Nano-grating and Metallic nanoparticles. The results of the simulation using FDTD simulation software shows that by optimizing the Nano grating metal parameters and embedded metallic nanoparticles, higher electric field is obtained, leading to higher absorption compared with the conventional Metal-Semiconductor-Metal detector. This higher absorption is because of the higher ability of embedded metallic nanoparticles in absorbing the light and scattering properties by conduction electrons via stimulated resonance light from metallic nanoparticles.
Optimizing the Performance of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors by Embedding Nanoparticles in the Absorption Layer
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.27
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-12
© Science Publishing Group
Mahsa Naghipour
Optimizing the Performance of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors by Embedding Nanoparticles in the Absorption Layer
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82
82
2015-02-12
2015-02-12
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.27
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.27
© Science Publishing Group
A Detailed Comparison Between FOC and DTC Methods of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.30
This paper focuses on detail comparison between two common control methods including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous (PMS) motor. The main characteristics of the motor such as torque, flux and speed under different operation conditions are studied and the advantages of FOC and DTC are obtained. It can be concluded that although both the DTC and FOC methods have different structures but the motor has the same behavior on the control methods. Thus, it is concluded that both the methods can be implemented as the Direct Flux Ccontrol (DFC) and can be applied as an optimized method of PMS motor control in the industry applications.
This paper focuses on detail comparison between two common control methods including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous (PMS) motor. The main characteristics of the motor such as torque, flux and speed under different operation conditions are studied and the advantages of FOC and DTC are obtained. It can be concluded that although both the DTC and FOC methods have different structures but the motor has the same behavior on the control methods. Thus, it is concluded that both the methods can be implemented as the Direct Flux Ccontrol (DFC) and can be applied as an optimized method of PMS motor control in the industry applications.
A Detailed Comparison Between FOC and DTC Methods of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.30
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-02-27
© Science Publishing Group
Navid Maleki
Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani
Iman Soltani
A Detailed Comparison Between FOC and DTC Methods of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
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100
100
2015-02-27
2015-02-27
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.30
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.30
© Science Publishing Group
A Study of Reactive Power Requirements of Traditional and Restructured Power System
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.31
Due to importance of requirements of reactive power in a power system, by employing probabilistic load flow with Monte Carlo method we can gain the exact value of requirement reactive power of system in a traditional and a restructured power system. In this paper the main object is the examination of effect of random changes in load, generation and price on all requirement reactive power of system as well as the amount of reactive power of each bus. Effective parameters in reactive power distribution are determined and an effective probable model for each of parameters is presented. The simulation results are used by network management for reactive power and voltage control service contracts. The results of analysis in two environments (traditional and restructured power system) are shown. The Monte Carlo method and MATLAB software is used, and studies are done on 30 buses IEEE system that is modeled by MATPOWER software.
Due to importance of requirements of reactive power in a power system, by employing probabilistic load flow with Monte Carlo method we can gain the exact value of requirement reactive power of system in a traditional and a restructured power system. In this paper the main object is the examination of effect of random changes in load, generation and price on all requirement reactive power of system as well as the amount of reactive power of each bus. Effective parameters in reactive power distribution are determined and an effective probable model for each of parameters is presented. The simulation results are used by network management for reactive power and voltage control service contracts. The results of analysis in two environments (traditional and restructured power system) are shown. The Monte Carlo method and MATLAB software is used, and studies are done on 30 buses IEEE system that is modeled by MATPOWER software.
A Study of Reactive Power Requirements of Traditional and Restructured Power System
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.31
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-03-05
© Science Publishing Group
Laleh Haddadi
Abolfazl Pirayesh Neghab
Seid Babak Mozafari
Morteza Ghasem Salamroodi
A Study of Reactive Power Requirements of Traditional and Restructured Power System
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106
106
2015-03-05
2015-03-05
10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.31
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.s.2015030201.31
© Science Publishing Group
Analysis on the Basis of Volterra Series Signal–To–Noise Ratio of Nonlinear Device in the Conditions of the Stochastic Resonance Effect
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.11
In this paper, the stochastic resonance effect is considered. It is shown that the stochastic resonance effect appears in the conditions of operating on the nonlinear system of additive mixture of desired signal and noise. The numerical simulation of the output signal when exposed to the input of the system of additive mixture harmonic signal and noise with a uniform distribution is given. Analytical relational expressions for signal-to-noise ratio on the output of the nonlinear system are got. The analysis of signal-to-noise ratio is conducted on the output of the nonlinear system depending on the parameters of the input signal and noise. In this paper we have shown the stochastic resonance effect occurs mainly at low frequencies.
In this paper, the stochastic resonance effect is considered. It is shown that the stochastic resonance effect appears in the conditions of operating on the nonlinear system of additive mixture of desired signal and noise. The numerical simulation of the output signal when exposed to the input of the system of additive mixture harmonic signal and noise with a uniform distribution is given. Analytical relational expressions for signal-to-noise ratio on the output of the nonlinear system are got. The analysis of signal-to-noise ratio is conducted on the output of the nonlinear system depending on the parameters of the input signal and noise. In this paper we have shown the stochastic resonance effect occurs mainly at low frequencies.
Analysis on the Basis of Volterra Series Signal–To–Noise Ratio of Nonlinear Device in the Conditions of the Stochastic Resonance Effect
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Okcana Kharchenko
Vladislav Tyutyunnik
Analysis on the Basis of Volterra Series Signal–To–Noise Ratio of Nonlinear Device in the Conditions of the Stochastic Resonance Effect
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3
29
29
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
Design and Simulation of TCR-TSC in Electric Arc Furnace for Power Quality Improvement at Steel Making Plant (No-1 Iron and Steel Mill, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.12
Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) are unbalanced nonlinear and time varying loads, which can cause many problems in the power system quality. As the use of arc furnace loads increases in industry, the important of the power quality problems also increase. So, in order to optimize the usage of electric power in EAFs, it is necessary to minimize the effect of arc furnace loads on power quality in power systems as much as possible. Therefore, in this paper, design and simulation of an electric plant supplying an arc furnace is considered. Then by considering the high changes of reactive power and voltage flicker of nonlinear furnace load, a thyristor controlled reactor compensation with thyristor switched capacitor (TCR-TSC) are designed and simulated. Finally, simulation results verify the accuracy of the load modeling and show the effectiveness of the proposed TCR-TSC model for reactive power compensating of the EAF. The installation site for this proposed system is No (1) Iron and Steel Mill (Pyin- Oo- Lwin). And data is taken from this Steel Mill. Simulation results will be provided by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) are unbalanced nonlinear and time varying loads, which can cause many problems in the power system quality. As the use of arc furnace loads increases in industry, the important of the power quality problems also increase. So, in order to optimize the usage of electric power in EAFs, it is necessary to minimize the effect of arc furnace loads on power quality in power systems as much as possible. Therefore, in this paper, design and simulation of an electric plant supplying an arc furnace is considered. Then by considering the high changes of reactive power and voltage flicker of nonlinear furnace load, a thyristor controlled reactor compensation with thyristor switched capacitor (TCR-TSC) are designed and simulated. Finally, simulation results verify the accuracy of the load modeling and show the effectiveness of the proposed TCR-TSC model for reactive power compensating of the EAF. The installation site for this proposed system is No (1) Iron and Steel Mill (Pyin- Oo- Lwin). And data is taken from this Steel Mill. Simulation results will be provided by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
Design and Simulation of TCR-TSC in Electric Arc Furnace for Power Quality Improvement at Steel Making Plant (No-1 Iron and Steel Mill, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar)
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-05-13
© Science Publishing Group
Thet Mon Aye
Soe Win Naing
Design and Simulation of TCR-TSC in Electric Arc Furnace for Power Quality Improvement at Steel Making Plant (No-1 Iron and Steel Mill, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar)
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35
35
2015-05-13
2015-05-13
10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
Short-term Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Using GMDH-type Neural Network
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.14
Electric load forecasting plays an important role in the planning and operation of the power system for high productivity in any institution of learning. A short-term electrical energy forecast for Gidan Kwano campus, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria was carried out using GMDH-type neural network and the result was compared to that of regression analysis. GMDH-type neural network was used to train and test weekly energy consumed in the campus from September 2010 to December 2014. The neural network was trained using quadratic neural function. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used as performance indices to test the accuracy of the forecast. The neural network model gave a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1189, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.0922 and a correlation (R) value of 0.8995 while the regression analysis method gave a standard error of 10968.1 and a correlation (R) value of 0.1137. Results obtained show the efficacy of the GMDH-type neural network model in forecasting over the regression analysis method.
Electric load forecasting plays an important role in the planning and operation of the power system for high productivity in any institution of learning. A short-term electrical energy forecast for Gidan Kwano campus, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria was carried out using GMDH-type neural network and the result was compared to that of regression analysis. GMDH-type neural network was used to train and test weekly energy consumed in the campus from September 2010 to December 2014. The neural network was trained using quadratic neural function. Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used as performance indices to test the accuracy of the forecast. The neural network model gave a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.1189, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.0922 and a correlation (R) value of 0.8995 while the regression analysis method gave a standard error of 10968.1 and a correlation (R) value of 0.1137. Results obtained show the efficacy of the GMDH-type neural network model in forecasting over the regression analysis method.
Short-term Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Using GMDH-type Neural Network
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.14
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-05-19
© Science Publishing Group
Tsado Jacob
Usman Abraham Usman
Saka Bemdoo
Ajagun Abimbola Susan
Short-term Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting Using GMDH-type Neural Network
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2015-05-19
2015-05-19
10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.14
© Science Publishing Group
A Wideband Directional Microstrip Slot Antenna for On-Body Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.15
Antennas are one of the main components of every wireless telecommunication system. With wideband antennas for on-body applications, there are some additional features that should be considered including radiation and physical size. In this paper, we presented a wideband omnidirectional slot antenna with a reflector element improvised under the feed line in order to minimize the impact of body on the antenna. Curiously, this reflector element allows for directionality of the antenna. In the following sections of the paper we will show that less power can penetrate body tissues in the presence of reflector elements; thus, wideband directional antennas are influenced less by human body than omindirectional antenna.
Antennas are one of the main components of every wireless telecommunication system. With wideband antennas for on-body applications, there are some additional features that should be considered including radiation and physical size. In this paper, we presented a wideband omnidirectional slot antenna with a reflector element improvised under the feed line in order to minimize the impact of body on the antenna. Curiously, this reflector element allows for directionality of the antenna. In the following sections of the paper we will show that less power can penetrate body tissues in the presence of reflector elements; thus, wideband directional antennas are influenced less by human body than omindirectional antenna.
A Wideband Directional Microstrip Slot Antenna for On-Body Applications
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.15
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-05-28
© Science Publishing Group
Mehdi Hamidkhani
Behdad Arandian
A Wideband Directional Microstrip Slot Antenna for On-Body Applications
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2015-05-28
2015-05-28
10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.15
© Science Publishing Group
Effects of Distributed Generation on System Power Losses and Voltage Profiles (Belin Distribution System)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.13
In present times, the use of DG systems in large amounts in different power distribution systems has become very popular and is growing on with fast speed. Although it is considered that DG reduces losses and improves system voltage profile, this paper shows that this is usually true. The paper presents voltage stability index based approach which utilizes combine sensitivity factor analogy to optimally locate and size a multi-type DG in 48-bus Belin distribution test system with the aim of reducing power losses and improving the voltage profile. The multi-type DG can operate as; type 1 DG (DG generating real power only), and type 2 DG (DG generating both real and reactive power). It further shows that the system losses are reduced and the voltage profile improved with the location of type 2 DG than with the location of type 1 DG. It reaches a point where any further increase in number of DGs in the network results for minimizing power losses and voltage profiles improvement.
In present times, the use of DG systems in large amounts in different power distribution systems has become very popular and is growing on with fast speed. Although it is considered that DG reduces losses and improves system voltage profile, this paper shows that this is usually true. The paper presents voltage stability index based approach which utilizes combine sensitivity factor analogy to optimally locate and size a multi-type DG in 48-bus Belin distribution test system with the aim of reducing power losses and improving the voltage profile. The multi-type DG can operate as; type 1 DG (DG generating real power only), and type 2 DG (DG generating both real and reactive power). It further shows that the system losses are reduced and the voltage profile improved with the location of type 2 DG than with the location of type 1 DG. It reaches a point where any further increase in number of DGs in the network results for minimizing power losses and voltage profiles improvement.
Effects of Distributed Generation on System Power Losses and Voltage Profiles (Belin Distribution System)
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-06-02
© Science Publishing Group
Chaw Su Hlaing
Pyone Lai Swe
Effects of Distributed Generation on System Power Losses and Voltage Profiles (Belin Distribution System)
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2015-06-02
2015-06-02
10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.13
© Science Publishing Group
Power System Stabilizer Design Using Compressed Rule Base of Fuzzy Logic Controller
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.16
In this paper, the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based power system stabilizer (PSS) with compressed / reduced rule is presented. The FLC rule base is generally based on empirical control rules. In this method, the fuzzy system with a large number of fuzzy rules is compressed to a fuzzy system with a reduced number of rules by removing the redundant and inconsistent rules from the rule base which doesn’t affect the performance of the fuzzy logic controller. The FLC based PSS has two input signals as speed deviation and derivative of speed deviation with an appropriate number of linguistic variables. The number of compressed rules in the rule base through the proposed dominant rule algorithm is reduced to a number as low in the number of selected linguistic variables to represent input and output signals. The application of the FLC with compressed rules as a power system stabilizer (CR-FPSS) is investigated by simulation studies on a single-machine infinite-bus system (SMIB). The superior performance of this compressed rule based fuzzy PSS (CR-FPSS) as compared to conventional PSS and proves the better efficiency of this new CR-FPSS. The reduced CPU computational time and storage space as compared to the fuzzy power system stabilizer (FPSS), proves its applicability in control.
In this paper, the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based power system stabilizer (PSS) with compressed / reduced rule is presented. The FLC rule base is generally based on empirical control rules. In this method, the fuzzy system with a large number of fuzzy rules is compressed to a fuzzy system with a reduced number of rules by removing the redundant and inconsistent rules from the rule base which doesn’t affect the performance of the fuzzy logic controller. The FLC based PSS has two input signals as speed deviation and derivative of speed deviation with an appropriate number of linguistic variables. The number of compressed rules in the rule base through the proposed dominant rule algorithm is reduced to a number as low in the number of selected linguistic variables to represent input and output signals. The application of the FLC with compressed rules as a power system stabilizer (CR-FPSS) is investigated by simulation studies on a single-machine infinite-bus system (SMIB). The superior performance of this compressed rule based fuzzy PSS (CR-FPSS) as compared to conventional PSS and proves the better efficiency of this new CR-FPSS. The reduced CPU computational time and storage space as compared to the fuzzy power system stabilizer (FPSS), proves its applicability in control.
Power System Stabilizer Design Using Compressed Rule Base of Fuzzy Logic Controller
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.16
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-07-02
© Science Publishing Group
Dhanesh Kumar Sambariya
Power System Stabilizer Design Using Compressed Rule Base of Fuzzy Logic Controller
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2015-07-02
2015-07-02
10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150303.16
© Science Publishing Group
Study on Data Compression and Reduction of the Aviation Network Based on Multi-resolution Wavelet Analysis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.12
This paper proposes complex network data compression idea based on the multi-resolution wavelet decomposition theory, analyzes the concrete form of wavelet basis choice and wavelet decomposition, and then puts forward the determination method of network decomposition levels and parameters reduction method after decomposition. The empirical study shows that four-level wavelet decomposition for Chinese aviation network adjacency matrix is carried out by Haar wavelet basis, and the lowest frequency sub-band is matrix. Moreover, the average degree, the average shortest path length and clustering coefficient of original network are restored in the lowest frequency sub-band after decomposition.
This paper proposes complex network data compression idea based on the multi-resolution wavelet decomposition theory, analyzes the concrete form of wavelet basis choice and wavelet decomposition, and then puts forward the determination method of network decomposition levels and parameters reduction method after decomposition. The empirical study shows that four-level wavelet decomposition for Chinese aviation network adjacency matrix is carried out by Haar wavelet basis, and the lowest frequency sub-band is matrix. Moreover, the average degree, the average shortest path length and clustering coefficient of original network are restored in the lowest frequency sub-band after decomposition.
Study on Data Compression and Reduction of the Aviation Network Based on Multi-resolution Wavelet Analysis
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-07-14
© Science Publishing Group
Yao Hong Guang
Study on Data Compression and Reduction of the Aviation Network Based on Multi-resolution Wavelet Analysis
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2015-07-14
2015-07-14
10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Enhanced EHD and Electrostatic Propulsion Devices Based on Polarization Effect Using Asymmetrical Metal Structure
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.13
Electro hydro dynamic (EHD) and electrostatic propulsion devices were developed in the 1920s by Thomas Townsend Brown. One such device, called a “lifter”, has no moving parts and, in the air, operates on electrical energy. It is a fashionable device and has a very simple structure, basically consisting of a narrow wire electrode and a large, flat one. However, it has a low ratio of propulsion force to unit electrical input power. According to theory, the propulsion force it generates depends on the interaction between the ion density of the ionized air and the charges on the surface of the large electrode. EHD and electrostatic propulsion models using the polarization effect are proposed to improve the ratio of the propulsion force to unit electrical input power. The propulsion device generates propulsion force through the use of an asymmetrical metal structure with charges generated by the polarization effect. The propulsion force the new devices generated for the same electric energy was 5.7 times higher than that of a basic type lifter owing to additional propulsion force being generated by the maximum polarization effect in the experiments. It was found that combining other effects with this polarization effect results in the ratio of generated propulsion force to electric power being close to 100N/kW when the electric power is high. This value is as high as that of a helicopter. We also performed numerical analysis was also performed for capacitances and charges for various kinds of EHD and electrostatic propulsion devices. An optimized system was developed and is discussed in this paper.
Electro hydro dynamic (EHD) and electrostatic propulsion devices were developed in the 1920s by Thomas Townsend Brown. One such device, called a “lifter”, has no moving parts and, in the air, operates on electrical energy. It is a fashionable device and has a very simple structure, basically consisting of a narrow wire electrode and a large, flat one. However, it has a low ratio of propulsion force to unit electrical input power. According to theory, the propulsion force it generates depends on the interaction between the ion density of the ionized air and the charges on the surface of the large electrode. EHD and electrostatic propulsion models using the polarization effect are proposed to improve the ratio of the propulsion force to unit electrical input power. The propulsion device generates propulsion force through the use of an asymmetrical metal structure with charges generated by the polarization effect. The propulsion force the new devices generated for the same electric energy was 5.7 times higher than that of a basic type lifter owing to additional propulsion force being generated by the maximum polarization effect in the experiments. It was found that combining other effects with this polarization effect results in the ratio of generated propulsion force to electric power being close to 100N/kW when the electric power is high. This value is as high as that of a helicopter. We also performed numerical analysis was also performed for capacitances and charges for various kinds of EHD and electrostatic propulsion devices. An optimized system was developed and is discussed in this paper.
Enhanced EHD and Electrostatic Propulsion Devices Based on Polarization Effect Using Asymmetrical Metal Structure
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-07-28
© Science Publishing Group
Taku Saiki
Enhanced EHD and Electrostatic Propulsion Devices Based on Polarization Effect Using Asymmetrical Metal Structure
3
4
86
86
2015-07-28
2015-07-28
10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.13
© Science Publishing Group
A Self-Adaptive DC/DC Buck Converter Control Modulation Design
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.14
DC/DC converter is widely used in many electronic application power supplies. Usually, in the previously DC/DC converter control modulation, the duty cycle can be changed according the feedback signal in pulse width modulation (PWM) or the frequency be changed with a constant ON time or OFF time in pulse frequency modulation (PFM). A self-adaptive DC/DC converter control modulation is proposed in this paper. Based on the outputs of two uniform operational transconductance amplifiers which are influenced by the feedback voltage, both of the pulse ON time and pulse OFF time will be changed simultaneously. A self-adaptive frequency can be achieved in this control modulation. It can get a same output voltage ripple with a lower control frequency.
DC/DC converter is widely used in many electronic application power supplies. Usually, in the previously DC/DC converter control modulation, the duty cycle can be changed according the feedback signal in pulse width modulation (PWM) or the frequency be changed with a constant ON time or OFF time in pulse frequency modulation (PFM). A self-adaptive DC/DC converter control modulation is proposed in this paper. Based on the outputs of two uniform operational transconductance amplifiers which are influenced by the feedback voltage, both of the pulse ON time and pulse OFF time will be changed simultaneously. A self-adaptive frequency can be achieved in this control modulation. It can get a same output voltage ripple with a lower control frequency.
A Self-Adaptive DC/DC Buck Converter Control Modulation Design
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.14
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-08-03
© Science Publishing Group
Pengcheng Xu
Zhigang Han
A Self-Adaptive DC/DC Buck Converter Control Modulation Design
3
4
92
92
2015-08-03
2015-08-03
10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.14
© Science Publishing Group
Dynamic Comparator with Using Negative Resistance and CMOS Input Pair Strategies in FS =4MHz-10GHz
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.15
A 4MHz-10GHz, 10ps/dec dynamic comparator with using negative resistance and CMOS input differential pair is proposed and designed in IBM 130nm CMOS process technology. In this design, we effort that taking maximum sampling frequency from CMOS technology and the proposed comparator consumes 110nw-146µW at 1.5V supply
A 4MHz-10GHz, 10ps/dec dynamic comparator with using negative resistance and CMOS input differential pair is proposed and designed in IBM 130nm CMOS process technology. In this design, we effort that taking maximum sampling frequency from CMOS technology and the proposed comparator consumes 110nw-146µW at 1.5V supply
Dynamic Comparator with Using Negative Resistance and CMOS Input Pair Strategies in FS =4MHz-10GHz
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.15
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-08-13
© Science Publishing Group
M. Dashtbayazi
M. Sabaghi
S. Marjani
Dynamic Comparator with Using Negative Resistance and CMOS Input Pair Strategies in FS =4MHz-10GHz
3
4
96
96
2015-08-13
2015-08-13
10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.15
© Science Publishing Group
Review of Performance of Impedance Based and Travelling Wave Based Fault Location Algorithms in Double Circuit Transmission Lines
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.11
Parallel transmission lines or Double circuit transmission lines have been extensively utilized in modern power systems to enhance the reliability and security for transmission of electrical energy. This paper presents two fundamental algorithms: Impedance based, Travelling wave (TW) based algorithms for 100km, 400KV Double circuit transmission lines. MATLAB/ Simulink software was used to implement these algorithms. The accuracy of fault location on power transmission line are reviewed for these two methods by varying various parameters like fault type, fault location on a given power system model.
Parallel transmission lines or Double circuit transmission lines have been extensively utilized in modern power systems to enhance the reliability and security for transmission of electrical energy. This paper presents two fundamental algorithms: Impedance based, Travelling wave (TW) based algorithms for 100km, 400KV Double circuit transmission lines. MATLAB/ Simulink software was used to implement these algorithms. The accuracy of fault location on power transmission line are reviewed for these two methods by varying various parameters like fault type, fault location on a given power system model.
Review of Performance of Impedance Based and Travelling Wave Based Fault Location Algorithms in Double Circuit Transmission Lines
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-07-05
© Science Publishing Group
Ankamma Rao Jonnalagadda
Gebreegziabher Hagos
Review of Performance of Impedance Based and Travelling Wave Based Fault Location Algorithms in Double Circuit Transmission Lines
3
4
69
69
2015-07-05
2015-07-05
10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
Microcontroller Based Electrical Parameter Monitoring System of Electronic Load Controller Used in Micro Hydro Power Plant
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.11
In stand-alone micro-hydro power system, water turbine will vary in speed due to the variation of consumer load. This speed variation will cause in fluctuation in both voltage and frequency output from a generator. To solve this problem, electronic load controllers were invented and used in micro-hydro power system. The objective of this paper is to monitor the electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power and frequency of electronic load controller (ELC) by using microcontroller and liquid crystal display (LCD). It explains how to monitor and sense the above parameters and isolate between the power line and microcontroller. The voltage is sensed by using the step down transformer and voltage divider circuit. The current is measured with the help of an ACS 712 current sensor. Frequency signal is obtained by using a frequency signal converter circuit. Microcontroller 16F887 and liquid crystal display are used as the main devices to monitor the above parameters according to the values obtaining from the sensing circuits.
In stand-alone micro-hydro power system, water turbine will vary in speed due to the variation of consumer load. This speed variation will cause in fluctuation in both voltage and frequency output from a generator. To solve this problem, electronic load controllers were invented and used in micro-hydro power system. The objective of this paper is to monitor the electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power and frequency of electronic load controller (ELC) by using microcontroller and liquid crystal display (LCD). It explains how to monitor and sense the above parameters and isolate between the power line and microcontroller. The voltage is sensed by using the step down transformer and voltage divider circuit. The current is measured with the help of an ACS 712 current sensor. Frequency signal is obtained by using a frequency signal converter circuit. Microcontroller 16F887 and liquid crystal display are used as the main devices to monitor the above parameters according to the values obtaining from the sensing circuits.
Microcontroller Based Electrical Parameter Monitoring System of Electronic Load Controller Used in Micro Hydro Power Plant
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.11
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-08-27
© Science Publishing Group
Nan Win Aung
Aung Ze Ya
Microcontroller Based Electrical Parameter Monitoring System of Electronic Load Controller Used in Micro Hydro Power Plant
3
5
109
109
2015-08-27
2015-08-27
10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group
Performance Analysis of DWDM System with Optical Amplifiers in Cascade Considering the Effect of Crosstalk
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.12
In this paper, an analytical approach is presented to evaluate the performance of DWDM system with intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) due to the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of optical amplifier, optical receiver noises and crosstalk. And a system has been proposed with an optimum number of amplifiers with higher gain and an improved optical receiver has been proposed. We have investigated the effects of optical amplifiers and optical receiver in the presence of crosstalk on the overall performance; in particular, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of a DWDM system. The system performances are evaluated for varying different amplifier gains, number of optical amplifiers, hop length, number of hops, receiver bandwidth and receiver gain considering the relationship between crosstalk and the number of wavelengths channel spacing. It is found that, the performance is highly degraded due to crosstalk and noises. As a result the system suffers significant power penalty at a given BER.
In this paper, an analytical approach is presented to evaluate the performance of DWDM system with intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) due to the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise of optical amplifier, optical receiver noises and crosstalk. And a system has been proposed with an optimum number of amplifiers with higher gain and an improved optical receiver has been proposed. We have investigated the effects of optical amplifiers and optical receiver in the presence of crosstalk on the overall performance; in particular, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance of a DWDM system. The system performances are evaluated for varying different amplifier gains, number of optical amplifiers, hop length, number of hops, receiver bandwidth and receiver gain considering the relationship between crosstalk and the number of wavelengths channel spacing. It is found that, the performance is highly degraded due to crosstalk and noises. As a result the system suffers significant power penalty at a given BER.
Performance Analysis of DWDM System with Optical Amplifiers in Cascade Considering the Effect of Crosstalk
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.12
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-08-31
© Science Publishing Group
Abu Jahid
Sanwar Hossain
Raziqul Islam
Performance Analysis of DWDM System with Optical Amplifiers in Cascade Considering the Effect of Crosstalk
3
5
116
116
2015-08-31
2015-08-31
10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.12
© Science Publishing Group
Harmonic Aggregation Techniques
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.13
Different harmonic aggregation techniques for assessment of current harmonic levels at points of measurement are investigated and compared to each other. The interaction effect in aggregation of harmonic currents is investigated. Several approaches including IEC 61000-3-6 recommended method are utilized and compared.
Different harmonic aggregation techniques for assessment of current harmonic levels at points of measurement are investigated and compared to each other. The interaction effect in aggregation of harmonic currents is investigated. Several approaches including IEC 61000-3-6 recommended method are utilized and compared.
Harmonic Aggregation Techniques
doi:10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.13
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
2015-09-12
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Mahdi Share Pasand
Harmonic Aggregation Techniques
3
5
120
120
2015-09-12
2015-09-12
10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=239&doi=10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.13
© Science Publishing Group