Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Nano Research and Applications: Table of Contents
<i>American Journal of Nano Research and Applications (NANO)</i> is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal encompassing fundamental and applied research in all disciplines of nanoscience and nanoengineering. It is a cross-disciplinary journal which is ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale. It entails the application of fields of science as diverse as surface science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, microfabrication, etc.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/nano Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Nano Research and Applications: Table of Contents
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American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
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Study of Polymer Electrolyte for Zn Rechargeable Nanos-tructured Galvanic Cells via Combined in Situ SAXS/ DSC/ WAXD Measurements
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130101.12
Polymer electrolytes as nanostructured materials are very attractive components for batteries and opto-electronic devices. (PEO)8ZnCl2 polymer electrolytes were prepared from PEO and ZnCl2. The nanocomposites (PEO)8ZnCl2 themselves contained TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, ZnO and V2O5 nanograins. In this work, the influence of the Al2O3, MgO and V2O5 nanograins to the morphology and ionic conductivity of the nanocomposite was systematically studied by transmission small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) simultaneously recorded with wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the synchrotron ELETTRA. The SAXS/DSC/WAXD measurements yielded insight into the temperature-dependent changes of the grains of the electrolyte. The heating and cooling rate was 1°C/min and ½°C/min (1). Environment friendly galvanic cells as well as solar cells of the second generation are to be constructed with nanocomposite polymer as electrolyte.
Polymer electrolytes as nanostructured materials are very attractive components for batteries and opto-electronic devices. (PEO)8ZnCl2 polymer electrolytes were prepared from PEO and ZnCl2. The nanocomposites (PEO)8ZnCl2 themselves contained TiO2, Al2O3, MgO, ZnO and V2O5 nanograins. In this work, the influence of the Al2O3, MgO and V2O5 nanograins to the morphology and ionic conductivity of the nanocomposite was systematically studied by transmission small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) simultaneously recorded with wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at the synchrotron ELETTRA. The SAXS/DSC/WAXD measurements yielded insight into the temperature-dependent changes of the grains of the electrolyte. The heating and cooling rate was 1°C/min and ½°C/min (1). Environment friendly galvanic cells as well as solar cells of the second generation are to be constructed with nanocomposite polymer as electrolyte.
Study of Polymer Electrolyte for Zn Rechargeable Nanos-tructured Galvanic Cells via Combined in Situ SAXS/ DSC/ WAXD Measurements
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130101.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
A. Turković
P. Dubček
K. Juraić
S. Bernstorff
M. Buljan
Study of Polymer Electrolyte for Zn Rechargeable Nanos-tructured Galvanic Cells via Combined in Situ SAXS/ DSC/ WAXD Measurements
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© Science Publishing Group
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanostructures on Si(111) substrate using a thin AlN buffer layer
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In the present work, radio-frequency (RF) nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technique was used to grow AlN thin layers on Si(111) substrate. Subsequently, the thermal evaporation technique was used to deposit the zinc films on Si(111) substrates with AlN as buffer layer. ZnO nanostructures were obtained from zinc granulated (99.99%) by thermal oxidation from 400 °C to 600 °C in air for 1 hours without any catalysts. The effect of annealing temperatures were studied ranging from 400 °C to 600 °C in air for 1 hours. The AlN was introduced to accommodate the lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch between ZnO layer and Si substrate. The structural and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures are studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The films show a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure without preferred (0002) orientation. The mean grain sizes are calculated to be about 18 nm, 22 nm and 50 nm for the ZnO films prepared at temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. The structure of the fabricated nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PL spectra of the ZnO nanostructures having a sharp excitonic ultraviolet (UV) emission and very weak defect-related deep level visible emissions. It is showed that the ZnO nanostructures thermal annealed treatment was performed at 600 °C shows the strongest UV emission intensity among the temperatures ranges studied. In addition, from the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures thermal annealed at 600 °C, the stronger UV emission is assigned to the best crystalline quality of the ZnO film
In the present work, radio-frequency (RF) nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technique was used to grow AlN thin layers on Si(111) substrate. Subsequently, the thermal evaporation technique was used to deposit the zinc films on Si(111) substrates with AlN as buffer layer. ZnO nanostructures were obtained from zinc granulated (99.99%) by thermal oxidation from 400 °C to 600 °C in air for 1 hours without any catalysts. The effect of annealing temperatures were studied ranging from 400 °C to 600 °C in air for 1 hours. The AlN was introduced to accommodate the lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch between ZnO layer and Si substrate. The structural and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures are studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The films show a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure without preferred (0002) orientation. The mean grain sizes are calculated to be about 18 nm, 22 nm and 50 nm for the ZnO films prepared at temperatures of 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C. The structure of the fabricated nanomaterials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PL spectra of the ZnO nanostructures having a sharp excitonic ultraviolet (UV) emission and very weak defect-related deep level visible emissions. It is showed that the ZnO nanostructures thermal annealed treatment was performed at 600 °C shows the strongest UV emission intensity among the temperatures ranges studied. In addition, from the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures thermal annealed at 600 °C, the stronger UV emission is assigned to the best crystalline quality of the ZnO film
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanostructures on Si(111) substrate using a thin AlN buffer layer
doi:10.11648/j.nano.2013.0101.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
L.S. Chuah
Z. Hassan
S. K. Mohd Bakhori
M. A. Ahmad
Y. Yusof
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanostructures on Si(111) substrate using a thin AlN buffer layer
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© Science Publishing Group
Fullerene C60 and its Derivatives as Nanocomposites in Polymer Nanofibres
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This work describes the application of oxo-derivatives of fullerene C60 and pristine fullerene as a nanocomposite in polymerous nanofibres. In this work we used oxo- fullerene derivative, of which preparation was presented by the authors of the State office for nuclear safety (Prague) on Nanocon 2009 and on Nanocon 2010 [1, 2]; there was presented its application in vivo as a radioprotective agens. With respect to wild spectrum of potential utilization of unique chemical, structural a electron properties of fullerene we investigate its another possible technical application as nanocomposite in polymer nanofibres. The nanocomposite polymer nanofibers were produced by needle-less electrospinning method. Polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane a polyvinyl butharate were used as polymers. Thermal resistance of obtained nanofibres without and with nanocomposites was tested by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The retarding influence of fullerene and its derivative on the course of the thermal decomposition of nanofibres is discussed.
This work describes the application of oxo-derivatives of fullerene C60 and pristine fullerene as a nanocomposite in polymerous nanofibres. In this work we used oxo- fullerene derivative, of which preparation was presented by the authors of the State office for nuclear safety (Prague) on Nanocon 2009 and on Nanocon 2010 [1, 2]; there was presented its application in vivo as a radioprotective agens. With respect to wild spectrum of potential utilization of unique chemical, structural a electron properties of fullerene we investigate its another possible technical application as nanocomposite in polymer nanofibres. The nanocomposite polymer nanofibers were produced by needle-less electrospinning method. Polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane a polyvinyl butharate were used as polymers. Thermal resistance of obtained nanofibres without and with nanocomposites was tested by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The retarding influence of fullerene and its derivative on the course of the thermal decomposition of nanofibres is discussed.
Fullerene C60 and its Derivatives as Nanocomposites in Polymer Nanofibres
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130101.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Eva ZEMANOVÁ
Eva KOŠŤÁKOVÁ
Karel KLOUDA
Fullerene C60 and its Derivatives as Nanocomposites in Polymer Nanofibres
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© Science Publishing Group
Dependence of Electron Beam Diameter, Electron Energy, Resist Thickness and Resist Type for Forming Nano-sized Dot Arrays in EB Lithography by Using Monte Carlo Simulation.
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We have calculated the electron energy deposition distribution in Calixarene negative resist and analyzed the development profile in order to improve the resolution of pattern. From the trajectories and energy deposition distribution in resist at various beam diameters, it is obvious that the thinner resist film should be adopted for formation of very fine dots. The analysis of relationship between the thickness of resist and dot diameter based on the critical energy densities shows that the thickness of resist less than 20 nm can obtain 5-nm size dot pattern at the range of critial energy of 6.25 keV/cm3-56.25 keV/cm3. The simulation of resist development profile indicates that dot size of 3 nm can even be obtained at a higher critical energy density at 156.25 keV/ cm3. Furthermore, Calixarene resist is more suitable than PMMA positive resist by comparison of these two resists
We have calculated the electron energy deposition distribution in Calixarene negative resist and analyzed the development profile in order to improve the resolution of pattern. From the trajectories and energy deposition distribution in resist at various beam diameters, it is obvious that the thinner resist film should be adopted for formation of very fine dots. The analysis of relationship between the thickness of resist and dot diameter based on the critical energy densities shows that the thickness of resist less than 20 nm can obtain 5-nm size dot pattern at the range of critial energy of 6.25 keV/cm3-56.25 keV/cm3. The simulation of resist development profile indicates that dot size of 3 nm can even be obtained at a higher critical energy density at 156.25 keV/ cm3. Furthermore, Calixarene resist is more suitable than PMMA positive resist by comparison of these two resists
Dependence of Electron Beam Diameter, Electron Energy, Resist Thickness and Resist Type for Forming Nano-sized Dot Arrays in EB Lithography by Using Monte Carlo Simulation.
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130101.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hui Zhang
Yulong Zhang
Sumio Hosaka
You Yin
Dependence of Electron Beam Diameter, Electron Energy, Resist Thickness and Resist Type for Forming Nano-sized Dot Arrays in EB Lithography by Using Monte Carlo Simulation.
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© Science Publishing Group
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using a Wet Chemical Technique
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TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a wet chemical technique. The as prepared nanopowder was used for further characterization. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized for phase composition, using X-ray diffractometry. The particle size and morphology were studied using Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The dielectric properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were studied in the different frequency range of 50Hz-5MHz at different temperatures. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss is found to decrease with an increase in the frequency at different temperatures. Further, the electronic properties like valence electron plasma energy, average energy gap or Penn gap, Fermi energy and electronic polarizability of the TiO2 nanoparticles were calculated.
TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a wet chemical technique. The as prepared nanopowder was used for further characterization. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized for phase composition, using X-ray diffractometry. The particle size and morphology were studied using Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The dielectric properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were studied in the different frequency range of 50Hz-5MHz at different temperatures. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss is found to decrease with an increase in the frequency at different temperatures. Further, the electronic properties like valence electron plasma energy, average energy gap or Penn gap, Fermi energy and electronic polarizability of the TiO2 nanoparticles were calculated.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using a Wet Chemical Technique
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130101.16
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Suresh Sagadevan
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using a Wet Chemical Technique
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© Science Publishing Group
A Nanoscale Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Graphene Nanocomposite
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130101.17
In the current research work reinforcement of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer with graphene powder (G, in the form of particles) as a nanofiller material by in-situ and ex-situ mixing of various weight fractions of G is reported. In addition, investigation on the effect of the weight fraction of G on the mechanical properties of the resulting TPU/graphene (TPU/G) nanocomposites is conducted. A number of different preparation methods have been employed in order to investigate the influence of the preparation process on the resulting TPU/G nanocomposites. Solvent (wet) mixing and mechanical (dry) mixing processes have been used. Significant enhancement in compressive strength, melt flow index and electrical conductivity were observed by employing the different mixing processes when compared with the pure TPU polymer processed under similar conditions. However, dry mixing process has shown enhanced mechanical, viscosity and electrical properties compared to wet mixing process. Moreover, dry mixing process has led to the formation of TPU/G nanocomposites with the highest compressive strength at 0.1 wt% G compared with 0.5, and 1 wt % G. It is believed that the processing technique plays a vital role in producing the desired TPU/G nanocomposites and is also affected by the dispersion of graphene nanofiller particles within the TPU polymer matrix. These results may lead to the development of novel applications of TPU/G nanocomposites across different disciplines.
In the current research work reinforcement of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer with graphene powder (G, in the form of particles) as a nanofiller material by in-situ and ex-situ mixing of various weight fractions of G is reported. In addition, investigation on the effect of the weight fraction of G on the mechanical properties of the resulting TPU/graphene (TPU/G) nanocomposites is conducted. A number of different preparation methods have been employed in order to investigate the influence of the preparation process on the resulting TPU/G nanocomposites. Solvent (wet) mixing and mechanical (dry) mixing processes have been used. Significant enhancement in compressive strength, melt flow index and electrical conductivity were observed by employing the different mixing processes when compared with the pure TPU polymer processed under similar conditions. However, dry mixing process has shown enhanced mechanical, viscosity and electrical properties compared to wet mixing process. Moreover, dry mixing process has led to the formation of TPU/G nanocomposites with the highest compressive strength at 0.1 wt% G compared with 0.5, and 1 wt % G. It is believed that the processing technique plays a vital role in producing the desired TPU/G nanocomposites and is also affected by the dispersion of graphene nanofiller particles within the TPU polymer matrix. These results may lead to the development of novel applications of TPU/G nanocomposites across different disciplines.
A Nanoscale Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Graphene Nanocomposite
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130101.17
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Irene S. Fahim
Wael Mamdouh
Hanadi A. G. Salem
A Nanoscale Investigation of Mechanical, Thermal Stability and Electrical Conductivity Properties of Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Graphene Nanocomposite
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© Science Publishing Group
Nanoparticles of Amorphous Cellulose and Their Properties
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130101.18
Method of preparation and some properties of amorphous cellulose nanoparticles (ANP) have been described in this paper. It was shown that ANP have spherical shape and are characterized by high degree of pantamorphia, low DP and increased content of sulfonic groups. The amorphous nanoparticles of cellulose are completely hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes with forming of glucose. Concentrated paste of ANP has expressed thickening properties and therefore its additive can prevent phase separation of water dispersions of various substances. Low-acidic and soft nanoparticles can be used in cosmetic formulation for gentle skin peeling. Moreover, due to increased content of acidic functional groups, ANP can immobilize various therapeutically-active substances (TAS) containing basic functional groups. The ANP-TAS complexes can be used in remedies aimed for effective care and cure of the skin.
Method of preparation and some properties of amorphous cellulose nanoparticles (ANP) have been described in this paper. It was shown that ANP have spherical shape and are characterized by high degree of pantamorphia, low DP and increased content of sulfonic groups. The amorphous nanoparticles of cellulose are completely hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes with forming of glucose. Concentrated paste of ANP has expressed thickening properties and therefore its additive can prevent phase separation of water dispersions of various substances. Low-acidic and soft nanoparticles can be used in cosmetic formulation for gentle skin peeling. Moreover, due to increased content of acidic functional groups, ANP can immobilize various therapeutically-active substances (TAS) containing basic functional groups. The ANP-TAS complexes can be used in remedies aimed for effective care and cure of the skin.
Nanoparticles of Amorphous Cellulose and Their Properties
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130101.18
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Michael Ioelovich
Nanoparticles of Amorphous Cellulose and Their Properties
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© Science Publishing Group
Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles from Kerosene and their Characterization by SEM/EDX, XRD and FTIR
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Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized by a simple way of incomplete combustion of kerosene. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM particle sizes of prepared CNPs were found to be non-uniform. The average size of particles is in the range of 20-100 nm. EDX analysis predicts the presence of pure carbon without any contamination. X-ray powder diffractometric analysis of prepared CNPs indicates the presence of large amounts of amorphous carbon material in association with hexagonal graphite lattice. FTIR spectroscopic analysis shows that the prepared CNPs are a mixture of elemental carbon and a trace amount of hydrocarbons.
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized by a simple way of incomplete combustion of kerosene. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM particle sizes of prepared CNPs were found to be non-uniform. The average size of particles is in the range of 20-100 nm. EDX analysis predicts the presence of pure carbon without any contamination. X-ray powder diffractometric analysis of prepared CNPs indicates the presence of large amounts of amorphous carbon material in association with hexagonal graphite lattice. FTIR spectroscopic analysis shows that the prepared CNPs are a mixture of elemental carbon and a trace amount of hydrocarbons.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles from Kerosene and their Characterization by SEM/EDX, XRD and FTIR
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130102.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Abul Hossain
Shahidul Islam
Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles from Kerosene and their Characterization by SEM/EDX, XRD and FTIR
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© Science Publishing Group
A Novel Nanofabrication Technique Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD)
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The aim of this paper is to present a novel nano-manufacturing technique for the fabrication of nano-scale systems, such as mechanical machines and printed circuits etc. The proposed technique utilizes a guided focused ion beam (FIB) through a pattern to a substrate where it decomposes a metal organic gas to generate a reduced outline copy of the mask, yielding the required design system. The novelty of this technique is in the ability to fabricate nano-scale systems layer-by-layer rather than atom-by-atom through the adjustment of the vertical position of the fabricated part.To demonstrate the proposed technique, a simulation model was designed and tested. The simulation results have shown that a reduction in the perimeter of the fabricated part can be achieved easily by adjusting its vertical position with respect to the beam focused point by a 100 to 400 times. Further investigation revealed that the growth rate is a function of the precursor flux. For example, using a titanium precursor flux below the 2x1010 molecules/cm2.s then sputtering is more predominant, and above that value, a net deposition will occur at a growth rate of 5.3x10-05cm/s.
The aim of this paper is to present a novel nano-manufacturing technique for the fabrication of nano-scale systems, such as mechanical machines and printed circuits etc. The proposed technique utilizes a guided focused ion beam (FIB) through a pattern to a substrate where it decomposes a metal organic gas to generate a reduced outline copy of the mask, yielding the required design system. The novelty of this technique is in the ability to fabricate nano-scale systems layer-by-layer rather than atom-by-atom through the adjustment of the vertical position of the fabricated part.To demonstrate the proposed technique, a simulation model was designed and tested. The simulation results have shown that a reduction in the perimeter of the fabricated part can be achieved easily by adjusting its vertical position with respect to the beam focused point by a 100 to 400 times. Further investigation revealed that the growth rate is a function of the precursor flux. For example, using a titanium precursor flux below the 2x1010 molecules/cm2.s then sputtering is more predominant, and above that value, a net deposition will occur at a growth rate of 5.3x10-05cm/s.
A Novel Nanofabrication Technique Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD)
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130102.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Wasim Haskiya
A Novel Nanofabrication Technique Using Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD)
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© Science Publishing Group
Development of Biogenic Silver Nano Particle from Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Extract and their Antibacterial Activity
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130102.13
Antibacterial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles was evaluated by zone of inhibition using standard agar disc diffusion method. Among three different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µl) 100 µl concentration showed maximum activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (2.7 cm), Shigella someneii (2.4 cm), S. flexaneri (2.4 cm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2 cm), P. mirabilis (2.1 cm) and E. coli (2.0 cm) when compared to the other two concentrations. It was also observed that it showed no activity against geranium plant extract that served as control.
Antibacterial activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles was evaluated by zone of inhibition using standard agar disc diffusion method. Among three different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µl) 100 µl concentration showed maximum activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (2.7 cm), Shigella someneii (2.4 cm), S. flexaneri (2.4 cm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2 cm), P. mirabilis (2.1 cm) and E. coli (2.0 cm) when compared to the other two concentrations. It was also observed that it showed no activity against geranium plant extract that served as control.
Development of Biogenic Silver Nano Particle from Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Extract and their Antibacterial Activity
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130102.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Manonmani Pandian
Ramar Marimuthu
Geetha Natesan
Raskin Erusan Rajagopal
Jerlin Sowmiya Justin
Abdul Jaffar Ali Haja mohideen
Development of Biogenic Silver Nano Particle from Pelargonium Graveolens Leaf Extract and their Antibacterial Activity
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Effect of Nickel-Alumina Nanoparticle Catalyst on the Performance of Methane Steam Reforming Process
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In the present study, Fe-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared using impregnation method. The structures of the catalysts were studied using XRD, BET and H2-TPR techniques. Activities of both catalysts were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor for Methane Steam Reforming (MSR) reaction. The results indicated that Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst system showed better activity and hydrogen yield for MSR reaction at normal operating conditions. The stability tests of both catalysts were examined at harsh operating condition which showed Ni-Mo/Al2O3 is a fairly stable catalyst. This study introduces a new catalyst, Ni¬-Mo/Al2O3, with high activity, stability for MSR reaction. The experimental evidence suggests that the main reason for the catalyst deactivation was sintering of the nickel particles.
In the present study, Fe-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared using impregnation method. The structures of the catalysts were studied using XRD, BET and H2-TPR techniques. Activities of both catalysts were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor for Methane Steam Reforming (MSR) reaction. The results indicated that Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst system showed better activity and hydrogen yield for MSR reaction at normal operating conditions. The stability tests of both catalysts were examined at harsh operating condition which showed Ni-Mo/Al2O3 is a fairly stable catalyst. This study introduces a new catalyst, Ni¬-Mo/Al2O3, with high activity, stability for MSR reaction. The experimental evidence suggests that the main reason for the catalyst deactivation was sintering of the nickel particles.
Effect of Nickel-Alumina Nanoparticle Catalyst on the Performance of Methane Steam Reforming Process
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130103.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Aliasghar Rohani
Laleh Allahkaram
Ali Omidvar
Effect of Nickel-Alumina Nanoparticle Catalyst on the Performance of Methane Steam Reforming Process
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© Science Publishing Group
Dielectric Properties of Composite LaMnO3 Nanofiber by Electrospinning Technique
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130103.11
Electrospinning technique has been extensively developed as a simple and vasatile method for drawing nanofibers from polymer solutions. Lanthanum Maganite La1-x MnxO3 (x = 0.02 mol) nanofibers were obtained by calcinations of PVA/LaMnO3 composite at different temperatures with electrospinning utilizing sol-gel precursors. Novel polycrystalline LaMnO3 nanofibers were yielded at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C for 2 h as the final products. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the fiber diameter of samples. The average diameter of the LaMnO3 nanofibers was found to be in the range of 85 nm to 150 nm at different temperatures. The dielectric properties of LaMnO3 nanofibers were identified by C-f, r-f, tan - f and ac-f characteristics. The results obtained from this research will lead to enable new levels of electronic applications, biomedical applications and protective clothing.
Electrospinning technique has been extensively developed as a simple and vasatile method for drawing nanofibers from polymer solutions. Lanthanum Maganite La1-x MnxO3 (x = 0.02 mol) nanofibers were obtained by calcinations of PVA/LaMnO3 composite at different temperatures with electrospinning utilizing sol-gel precursors. Novel polycrystalline LaMnO3 nanofibers were yielded at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C for 2 h as the final products. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the fiber diameter of samples. The average diameter of the LaMnO3 nanofibers was found to be in the range of 85 nm to 150 nm at different temperatures. The dielectric properties of LaMnO3 nanofibers were identified by C-f, r-f, tan - f and ac-f characteristics. The results obtained from this research will lead to enable new levels of electronic applications, biomedical applications and protective clothing.
Dielectric Properties of Composite LaMnO3 Nanofiber by Electrospinning Technique
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130103.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Zin Min Myat
Than Than Win
Yin Maung Maung
Ko Ko Kyaw Soe
Dielectric Properties of Composite LaMnO3 Nanofiber by Electrospinning Technique
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69
69
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20130103.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130103.11
© Science Publishing Group
Unknown Properties of Aluminum Nano-Layer in Unglue Assemblage of ZERODUR Parts
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130103.12
In the course of technological operations and the following running, the aluminum nanolayer providing reliable unglue bonding the ZERODUR parts demonstrates a complex of previously unknown properties: - compensation of small geometrical deviations in joined parts, due to aluminum plasticity the requirements to geometry of joined parts can be lowered from Ν = 0.5, ΔΝ = 0.1 (where Ν is the deviation of surface geometry from standard expressed in the Newton interferential rings, ΔΝ – local error or deviation of the type “well” or “nib”), which are necessary for joining, if one applies the methods of optical contact or deep optical contact, to Ν = 2-5, ΔΝ = 1; - Chemical interaction with polished ZERODUR surface at relatively low temperatures (400 to 600ºС); - Minimum level of internal mechanical strains in joined parts; - Properties of elastically-brittle durable material. Using the above generalization of the obtained results, we have offered new technological schemes for production of ZERODUR parts with a complex shape.
In the course of technological operations and the following running, the aluminum nanolayer providing reliable unglue bonding the ZERODUR parts demonstrates a complex of previously unknown properties: - compensation of small geometrical deviations in joined parts, due to aluminum plasticity the requirements to geometry of joined parts can be lowered from Ν = 0.5, ΔΝ = 0.1 (where Ν is the deviation of surface geometry from standard expressed in the Newton interferential rings, ΔΝ – local error or deviation of the type “well” or “nib”), which are necessary for joining, if one applies the methods of optical contact or deep optical contact, to Ν = 2-5, ΔΝ = 1; - Chemical interaction with polished ZERODUR surface at relatively low temperatures (400 to 600ºС); - Minimum level of internal mechanical strains in joined parts; - Properties of elastically-brittle durable material. Using the above generalization of the obtained results, we have offered new technological schemes for production of ZERODUR parts with a complex shape.
Unknown Properties of Aluminum Nano-Layer in Unglue Assemblage of ZERODUR Parts
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130103.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Volodymyr Maslov
Unknown Properties of Aluminum Nano-Layer in Unglue Assemblage of ZERODUR Parts
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73
73
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20130103.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130103.12
© Science Publishing Group
Current Trends in Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130104.11
Carbon based nanostructure materials exhibit unique mechanical, electrical, and optical characteristics, which may result in many unique device designs. These materials are biocompatible, chemically inert but capable of altering their electronic properties in the presence of some chemical species, and dimensionally compatible with biomolecules. They have interesting electronic characteristics, thus rendering them as potential chemical and biosensors. The recent progress in nanostructured materials and their possible applications in chemical and biological sensors could have a significant impact on data collection, processing, and recognition. This investigation is aimed towards evaluating the applications of nano-structures of carbon and giving a consolidated view of the structure, properties and applications of carbon nanotubes, with the aim of drawing attention to useful available information and to enhancing the interest in this new highly advanced technological field for the researcher and the manufacturing engineer.
Carbon based nanostructure materials exhibit unique mechanical, electrical, and optical characteristics, which may result in many unique device designs. These materials are biocompatible, chemically inert but capable of altering their electronic properties in the presence of some chemical species, and dimensionally compatible with biomolecules. They have interesting electronic characteristics, thus rendering them as potential chemical and biosensors. The recent progress in nanostructured materials and their possible applications in chemical and biological sensors could have a significant impact on data collection, processing, and recognition. This investigation is aimed towards evaluating the applications of nano-structures of carbon and giving a consolidated view of the structure, properties and applications of carbon nanotubes, with the aim of drawing attention to useful available information and to enhancing the interest in this new highly advanced technological field for the researcher and the manufacturing engineer.
Current Trends in Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130104.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Suresh Sagadevan
R. Varatharajan
Current Trends in Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20130104.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130104.11
© Science Publishing Group
Determination of Pb and Ni in Natural Water Samples after Solid Phase Extraction with Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nano-Particles
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130104.12
Due to the industrialization, especially in the developing countries, the emission of the heavy metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, and mercury are highly concerned to public and aquatic health. Lead is released with the effluent from the paint, batteries, and automobiles manufacturing units. Lead is one of the toxic metals and largely affects the central, peripheral nervous system. In this study, a suitable and reliable method for the direct determination of Pb and Ni ions in environmental water is proposed. Pb and Ni ions were extracted and precocentrated with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nano-particles. LDHs, relatively inexpensive and simply prepared material, was synthesized and used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent to quantitatively determine the concentration of Pb and Ni ions in natural water samples. Several factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as, eluent type, eluent volume, flow rate of sample, sample volume, and amount of adsorbent, were investigated and optimized in detail. Pb and Ni ions can be quantitatively retained by LDH nano-particles, then eluted completely by 1 mL of CO32- (1.5 mol L‒1) and1mL EtOH (65% v/v), respectively. The detection limit of this method for Pb and Ni ions was 17 ng mL−1with an enrichment factor of 100, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.4%.
Due to the industrialization, especially in the developing countries, the emission of the heavy metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic, and mercury are highly concerned to public and aquatic health. Lead is released with the effluent from the paint, batteries, and automobiles manufacturing units. Lead is one of the toxic metals and largely affects the central, peripheral nervous system. In this study, a suitable and reliable method for the direct determination of Pb and Ni ions in environmental water is proposed. Pb and Ni ions were extracted and precocentrated with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nano-particles. LDHs, relatively inexpensive and simply prepared material, was synthesized and used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent to quantitatively determine the concentration of Pb and Ni ions in natural water samples. Several factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as, eluent type, eluent volume, flow rate of sample, sample volume, and amount of adsorbent, were investigated and optimized in detail. Pb and Ni ions can be quantitatively retained by LDH nano-particles, then eluted completely by 1 mL of CO32- (1.5 mol L‒1) and1mL EtOH (65% v/v), respectively. The detection limit of this method for Pb and Ni ions was 17 ng mL−1with an enrichment factor of 100, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.4%.
Determination of Pb and Ni in Natural Water Samples after Solid Phase Extraction with Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nano-Particles
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130104.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Saeedeh sepehrikiya
Donya arefi
Determination of Pb and Ni in Natural Water Samples after Solid Phase Extraction with Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Nano-Particles
1
4
86
86
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20130104.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130104.12
© Science Publishing Group
Monmorillonite Modified with Oligourethane Ammonium Chloride and Based Nanostructured Polymers
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130104.13
For the purpose of developing of polymer nanocomposites based on polar polymers - polyurethane and related polymers, a method of modifying the montmorillonite (MMT) with a new modifier containing urethane groups in it structure has been first elaborated. Exchange capacity of the MMT surface was determined by adsorption of methylene blue; the structure of the modifier was confirmed by X-ray analysis, the content of the organic component in the modified MMT was measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the modifier was determined by size exclusion chromatography. The resulting modified MMT has been designed to form nanostructured composites on the basis of polymers having polar groups in their composition, including polyurethanes, with the aim to increase the physical and mechanical properties of based film materials. The new modifier – oligourethane ammonium chloride provides high affinity of MMT with the polymer matrix due to the possibility of hydrogen bonds formation. The intercalation of modifier into MMT interlayer space (increasing the distance between the layers after modification by 0.68 nm), as well as the total exfoliation of MMT in polyurethane urea matrix, characterized by the disappearance of the absorption peak which is responsible for layered structure has been proved by the WAXS method. Physic-mechanical tests demonstrated an increase in film strength of the polymer nanocomposite compared to the polyurethane matrix by 40% at a sufficiently low MMT (0.5%) content.
For the purpose of developing of polymer nanocomposites based on polar polymers - polyurethane and related polymers, a method of modifying the montmorillonite (MMT) with a new modifier containing urethane groups in it structure has been first elaborated. Exchange capacity of the MMT surface was determined by adsorption of methylene blue; the structure of the modifier was confirmed by X-ray analysis, the content of the organic component in the modified MMT was measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the modifier was determined by size exclusion chromatography. The resulting modified MMT has been designed to form nanostructured composites on the basis of polymers having polar groups in their composition, including polyurethanes, with the aim to increase the physical and mechanical properties of based film materials. The new modifier – oligourethane ammonium chloride provides high affinity of MMT with the polymer matrix due to the possibility of hydrogen bonds formation. The intercalation of modifier into MMT interlayer space (increasing the distance between the layers after modification by 0.68 nm), as well as the total exfoliation of MMT in polyurethane urea matrix, characterized by the disappearance of the absorption peak which is responsible for layered structure has been proved by the WAXS method. Physic-mechanical tests demonstrated an increase in film strength of the polymer nanocomposite compared to the polyurethane matrix by 40% at a sufficiently low MMT (0.5%) content.
Monmorillonite Modified with Oligourethane Ammonium Chloride and Based Nanostructured Polymers
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20130104.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Savelyev Yuri
Gonchar Аlexey
Travinskaya Тamara
Monmorillonite Modified with Oligourethane Ammonium Chloride and Based Nanostructured Polymers
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93
93
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20130104.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20130104.13
© Science Publishing Group
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ± 0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.
This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ± 0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Stotaw Talbachew Hayle
Girma Goro Gonfa
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanomaterials Using Sol-Gel Method
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1
7
7
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
Lanthanum Fluoride Charge Trapping Layer with Silicon Nanocrystals for Nonvolatile Memory Device Application
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140201.12
Silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in a Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF3) insulating layer were fabricated as a charge trapping layer by a simple Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The X-Ray diffraction of the deposited layer shows a polycrystalline LaF3 deposition on silicon. The charge storage behavior of Si-NCs embedded in the LaF3 layer have been investigated in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures by electrical characterization, where various interface traps and defects were introduced by thermal annealing treatment. The flat-band voltage shift of capacitance-voltage (C–V) and conductance-voltage (G–V) curves of Si: NC-MIS devices were found to exhibit charge trapping. The current-voltage (I–V) measurement also demonstrate that traps have strong influence on the charge storage behavior, in which the traps and defects at the internal/surface of silicon nanocrystals and the interface states at the LaF3 /Si substrate play different roles, respectively. The flat-band voltage (VFB) shift was about 700 mV, which is agreed well enough to capture charge inside the nanoparticle for nonvolatile memory (NVM) device applications. Thickness-dependent flat-band voltage (VFB) shifts in the MIS structure which can be used as a low-voltage nonvolatile memory.
Silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) embedded in a Lanthanum Fluoride (LaF3) insulating layer were fabricated as a charge trapping layer by a simple Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The X-Ray diffraction of the deposited layer shows a polycrystalline LaF3 deposition on silicon. The charge storage behavior of Si-NCs embedded in the LaF3 layer have been investigated in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures by electrical characterization, where various interface traps and defects were introduced by thermal annealing treatment. The flat-band voltage shift of capacitance-voltage (C–V) and conductance-voltage (G–V) curves of Si: NC-MIS devices were found to exhibit charge trapping. The current-voltage (I–V) measurement also demonstrate that traps have strong influence on the charge storage behavior, in which the traps and defects at the internal/surface of silicon nanocrystals and the interface states at the LaF3 /Si substrate play different roles, respectively. The flat-band voltage (VFB) shift was about 700 mV, which is agreed well enough to capture charge inside the nanoparticle for nonvolatile memory (NVM) device applications. Thickness-dependent flat-band voltage (VFB) shifts in the MIS structure which can be used as a low-voltage nonvolatile memory.
Lanthanum Fluoride Charge Trapping Layer with Silicon Nanocrystals for Nonvolatile Memory Device Application
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140201.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Sheikh Rashel Al Ahmed
Abu Bakar Md. Ismail
Lanthanum Fluoride Charge Trapping Layer with Silicon Nanocrystals for Nonvolatile Memory Device Application
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12
12
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Concentration-Dependent Optical Properties of Erbium Doped Zirconia Nanocrystals
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140201.13
This study has investigated the effect of dopant concentration on the luminescent emission of Er3+ in ZrO2 nanocrystals. The structure and morphology of the resulting nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The room-temperature optical properties of synthesized nanocrystals were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The dependence of the luminescence emission on the doping concentration was examined to determine the optimum Er3+ concentration in the samples. Strong luminescence quenching was also observed in samples with high Er3+ concentrations in the ZrO2 host lattice. The luminescent erbium doped zirconia nanocrystals are promising for applications such as fluorescent biomarkers, optical display systems, lamps, etc.
This study has investigated the effect of dopant concentration on the luminescent emission of Er3+ in ZrO2 nanocrystals. The structure and morphology of the resulting nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The room-temperature optical properties of synthesized nanocrystals were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The dependence of the luminescence emission on the doping concentration was examined to determine the optimum Er3+ concentration in the samples. Strong luminescence quenching was also observed in samples with high Er3+ concentrations in the ZrO2 host lattice. The luminescent erbium doped zirconia nanocrystals are promising for applications such as fluorescent biomarkers, optical display systems, lamps, etc.
Concentration-Dependent Optical Properties of Erbium Doped Zirconia Nanocrystals
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140201.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Timur Sh. Atabaev
Makio Kurisu
Kensuke Konishi
Nguyen Hoa Hong
Concentration-Dependent Optical Properties of Erbium Doped Zirconia Nanocrystals
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1
16
16
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20140201.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140201.13
© Science Publishing Group
Phonon Scatterings in the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Si_(1-x) Ge_x Alloy Nanowires: Theoretical Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140202.12
Theoretical investigation of the alloy concentration and temperature dependences of the lattice thermal conductivity of silicon-germanium nanowires is performed using the Steigmeier and Abeles model. Phonon scattering processes are represented by frequency-dependent relaxation time approximation. In addition to the commonly considered acoustic three-phonon umklapp processes, phonon-boundary and point-defect scattering mechanisms are assumed. No distinction is made between longitudinal and transverse phonons. The importance of all the mechanisms involved in the model is clearly demonstrated. Analysis of the results shows that: (1) alloy scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism at intermediate and high temperatures; (2) thermal conductivity is mainly depends on the alloy concentration across the full range of temperatures; (3) weak diameter dependence of thermal conductivity is observed in Si_(1-x) Ge_x alloy nanowires; (4) the roughness of nanowires depends on the alloy concentration and has a major role in decreasing thermal conductivity at low temperatures; (5) the anharmonicity parameter is not size-dependent, as compared to Si and Ge nanowires. These findings provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of high-performance nanostructural semiconductors of relevance to optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.
Theoretical investigation of the alloy concentration and temperature dependences of the lattice thermal conductivity of silicon-germanium nanowires is performed using the Steigmeier and Abeles model. Phonon scattering processes are represented by frequency-dependent relaxation time approximation. In addition to the commonly considered acoustic three-phonon umklapp processes, phonon-boundary and point-defect scattering mechanisms are assumed. No distinction is made between longitudinal and transverse phonons. The importance of all the mechanisms involved in the model is clearly demonstrated. Analysis of the results shows that: (1) alloy scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism at intermediate and high temperatures; (2) thermal conductivity is mainly depends on the alloy concentration across the full range of temperatures; (3) weak diameter dependence of thermal conductivity is observed in Si_(1-x) Ge_x alloy nanowires; (4) the roughness of nanowires depends on the alloy concentration and has a major role in decreasing thermal conductivity at low temperatures; (5) the anharmonicity parameter is not size-dependent, as compared to Si and Ge nanowires. These findings provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of high-performance nanostructural semiconductors of relevance to optoelectronic and thermoelectric devices.
Phonon Scatterings in the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Si_(1-x) Ge_x Alloy Nanowires: Theoretical Study
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140202.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Soran Mohammed Mamand
Phonon Scatterings in the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Si_(1-x) Ge_x Alloy Nanowires: Theoretical Study
2
2
27
27
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
Synthesis of Nano-Spherical Nickel by Templating Hibiscus Flower Petals
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140202.11
In this study, we have represented synthesis of nano spherical nickel using porous Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petals as bio template. Synthesized Nickel nanoparticle thus characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and wet chemical methods. Spherical Nickel particles of sized between 10nm to 200nm was observed.
In this study, we have represented synthesis of nano spherical nickel using porous Hibiscus rosa-sinensis petals as bio template. Synthesized Nickel nanoparticle thus characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and wet chemical methods. Spherical Nickel particles of sized between 10nm to 200nm was observed.
Synthesis of Nano-Spherical Nickel by Templating Hibiscus Flower Petals
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140202.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Abhijit Kar
Ajoy Kumar Ray
Synthesis of Nano-Spherical Nickel by Templating Hibiscus Flower Petals
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.nano.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
Optical Nonlinear Absorption Coefficient of PbS Nano Particles Studied by the Z-Scan Technique
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140202.13
Nonlinear optics to study various phenomena in which the optical properties of the material changes in the presence of light. Polarization of a material system depends non-linearity upon the strength of the applied optical field in this mediums. The Z-scan technique is the best method that by this method we can determine nonlinearity optical properties namely, nonlinearity refraction index and nonlinearity absorption coefficient in the present of high-intensity lights. It should be noted that the advantage of the Z-scan method than the other methods is, that by this method can determined the nonlinearity optical properties with precision and simultaneously. We were determined the nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear coefficient of 'PbS' that suspended in alcohol by coding in fortran environment
Nonlinear optics to study various phenomena in which the optical properties of the material changes in the presence of light. Polarization of a material system depends non-linearity upon the strength of the applied optical field in this mediums. The Z-scan technique is the best method that by this method we can determine nonlinearity optical properties namely, nonlinearity refraction index and nonlinearity absorption coefficient in the present of high-intensity lights. It should be noted that the advantage of the Z-scan method than the other methods is, that by this method can determined the nonlinearity optical properties with precision and simultaneously. We were determined the nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear coefficient of 'PbS' that suspended in alcohol by coding in fortran environment
Optical Nonlinear Absorption Coefficient of PbS Nano Particles Studied by the Z-Scan Technique
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140202.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-04-11
© Science Publishing Group
M. B. Askari
P. Jalilpour
F. Ahmadi
Optical Nonlinear Absorption Coefficient of PbS Nano Particles Studied by the Z-Scan Technique
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31
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2014-04-11
2014-04-11
10.11648/j.nano.20140202.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140202.13
© Science Publishing Group
Nanoparticles Influence on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.11
Today, Solar cell technology is in limited use due to the relatively high manufacturing cost of silicon based technology, And the low power efficiency of organic polymer based technology. However, Research is being done on hybrid cells based on dye-sensitizing organic polymers and a thin transparent conducting oxide layer comprised of nanoparticles. These cells could offer the same ease of manufacturing as organic cells, with improved efficiency. Currently, although the improved efficiency is promising, It is still far below silicon based solar cells. The nanotubes clearly show longer response times, Which correlate to longer electron lifetimes, Which means less recombination of electron-hole pairs. This will ultimately translate to higher energy output. This paper will explore the role of nanomaterials in this flexible solar cell technology. A discussion on current efforts to improve efficiency will follow.
Today, Solar cell technology is in limited use due to the relatively high manufacturing cost of silicon based technology, And the low power efficiency of organic polymer based technology. However, Research is being done on hybrid cells based on dye-sensitizing organic polymers and a thin transparent conducting oxide layer comprised of nanoparticles. These cells could offer the same ease of manufacturing as organic cells, with improved efficiency. Currently, although the improved efficiency is promising, It is still far below silicon based solar cells. The nanotubes clearly show longer response times, Which correlate to longer electron lifetimes, Which means less recombination of electron-hole pairs. This will ultimately translate to higher energy output. This paper will explore the role of nanomaterials in this flexible solar cell technology. A discussion on current efforts to improve efficiency will follow.
Nanoparticles Influence on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140203.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-05-12
© Science Publishing Group
Kurapati Srinivas
Nanoparticles Influence on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on TiO2
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39
39
2014-05-12
2014-05-12
10.11648/j.nano.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Modelling and Computer Simulation of Nanostructured Devices
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.12
Theory, modeling, and simulation provide investigative tools that support nanotechnology. Multi scale modeling is essential for exploring the numerous, new technology possibilities that research in nanoscience is creating. The purpose of the proposed review work is to explore models and techniques for designing and controlling nanostructured devices and establish links between physical (quantum) device modelling, experimental system identification, model verification and quantum control. Having reliable mathematical and computational models, methods and using standard tools with efficient computer simulation, it is essential to design complicated quantum devices such as semi-conductor nanostructures, superconducting devices before they are fabricated experimentally. The proposed review work will be useful to know the current status of nanostructure devices simulations and the work that is carried out in various centers to understand the physics and transport phenomena occurring in the nanoscale and better design of nanostructured devices.
Theory, modeling, and simulation provide investigative tools that support nanotechnology. Multi scale modeling is essential for exploring the numerous, new technology possibilities that research in nanoscience is creating. The purpose of the proposed review work is to explore models and techniques for designing and controlling nanostructured devices and establish links between physical (quantum) device modelling, experimental system identification, model verification and quantum control. Having reliable mathematical and computational models, methods and using standard tools with efficient computer simulation, it is essential to design complicated quantum devices such as semi-conductor nanostructures, superconducting devices before they are fabricated experimentally. The proposed review work will be useful to know the current status of nanostructure devices simulations and the work that is carried out in various centers to understand the physics and transport phenomena occurring in the nanoscale and better design of nanostructured devices.
Modelling and Computer Simulation of Nanostructured Devices
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140203.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-05-15
© Science Publishing Group
Kurapati Srinivas
Duggirala Krishna Rao
Modelling and Computer Simulation of Nanostructured Devices
2
3
44
44
2014-05-15
2014-05-15
10.11648/j.nano.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
A Theoretical Study of the Electronic Properties of Cd1-xZnxS quantum Dot Superlattices
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.13
The present work is aimed to investigate theoretically the electronic properties of superlattices based on Cd1-xZnxS quantum dots embedded in an insulating material. This system, considered as a series of flattened cylindrical quantum dots with a finite barrier at the boundary, is studied using the tight binding approximation. The ground miniband width and the longitudinal effective mass have been computed, for the electrons, versus the Zn composition and the inter-quantum dot separation as well. An analysis of the results shows that the Zn compositions x = 0.4 and x = 0.6 are appropriate to give rise a superlattice behavior for conduction electrons in a range of inter –sheet separations studied.
The present work is aimed to investigate theoretically the electronic properties of superlattices based on Cd1-xZnxS quantum dots embedded in an insulating material. This system, considered as a series of flattened cylindrical quantum dots with a finite barrier at the boundary, is studied using the tight binding approximation. The ground miniband width and the longitudinal effective mass have been computed, for the electrons, versus the Zn composition and the inter-quantum dot separation as well. An analysis of the results shows that the Zn compositions x = 0.4 and x = 0.6 are appropriate to give rise a superlattice behavior for conduction electrons in a range of inter –sheet separations studied.
A Theoretical Study of the Electronic Properties of Cd1-xZnxS quantum Dot Superlattices
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140203.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-06-05
© Science Publishing Group
Saber Marzougui
Nabil Safta
A Theoretical Study of the Electronic Properties of Cd1-xZnxS quantum Dot Superlattices
2
3
49
49
2014-06-05
2014-06-05
10.11648/j.nano.20140203.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.13
© Science Publishing Group
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Choerospondias Axillaris and its Synergistic Action with Streptomycin
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.14
This paper mainly focus on combined action of green as well as citrate synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and streptomycin, an antibiotic. The synergistic actions of citrate stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@chem) were compared with that of Nepali hog plum Choerospondias axillaris (Lapsi) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@plant), together with action of antibiotic on selected bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. This showed an increase in the action of antibiotic. The size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was measured by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
This paper mainly focus on combined action of green as well as citrate synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and streptomycin, an antibiotic. The synergistic actions of citrate stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@chem) were compared with that of Nepali hog plum Choerospondias axillaris (Lapsi) synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@plant), together with action of antibiotic on selected bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. This showed an increase in the action of antibiotic. The size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was measured by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Choerospondias Axillaris and its Synergistic Action with Streptomycin
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140203.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-06-12
© Science Publishing Group
Gunjan Bisht
Himraj Parajuli
Roshan Baral
Ritesh Thapa
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Choerospondias Axillaris and its Synergistic Action with Streptomycin
2
3
55
55
2014-06-12
2014-06-12
10.11648/j.nano.20140203.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.14
© Science Publishing Group
Influence of Nanoparticles in PZT Ferroelectric Material Properties and Their Applications to Memory Devices
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.15
Ferroelctrics are technologically important materials, particularly for their applications in ferroelectric random access memory, based on semiconductor integrated technology have been a great success. Furthermore, these RAMS are very sensitive to radiation and this is detrimental for military and space applications. The properties of the layered perovskite ferroelectrics can be enhanced by addition or substitution of alternative cations. Among the important ferroelectric materials lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which is part of the solid solution formed between ferroelectric lead titanate and anti-ferroelectric lead zirconate with different compositions are used for different applications. Recent works indicate the influence of nanoparticles in PZT properties like decrease of synthesizing temperature, electrical conductivity and low dielectric loss. These materials will be the future ferroelectric materials for noval applications. The present paper Include a thorough study of these materials to finding out reasons for the improvement ferroelectric material properties in the nano scale and their optimization techniques for better applications.
Ferroelctrics are technologically important materials, particularly for their applications in ferroelectric random access memory, based on semiconductor integrated technology have been a great success. Furthermore, these RAMS are very sensitive to radiation and this is detrimental for military and space applications. The properties of the layered perovskite ferroelectrics can be enhanced by addition or substitution of alternative cations. Among the important ferroelectric materials lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which is part of the solid solution formed between ferroelectric lead titanate and anti-ferroelectric lead zirconate with different compositions are used for different applications. Recent works indicate the influence of nanoparticles in PZT properties like decrease of synthesizing temperature, electrical conductivity and low dielectric loss. These materials will be the future ferroelectric materials for noval applications. The present paper Include a thorough study of these materials to finding out reasons for the improvement ferroelectric material properties in the nano scale and their optimization techniques for better applications.
Influence of Nanoparticles in PZT Ferroelectric Material Properties and Their Applications to Memory Devices
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140203.15
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-06-17
© Science Publishing Group
Kurapati Kurapati Srinivas
Influence of Nanoparticles in PZT Ferroelectric Material Properties and Their Applications to Memory Devices
2
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62
62
2014-06-17
2014-06-17
10.11648/j.nano.20140203.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140203.15
© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Contrast Agent Concentration on X-Ray Diagnoses: Experimental and Computational Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.11
Nanotechnology applied to biological problems represents an emerging filed with its potential to offer extremely sensitive diagnostics and targeted cancer therapies. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are of interest as potential in vivo diagnostic and as X-ray contrast agents, the electromagnetic coupling between three-dimensional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated in different concentration. We report on the observation of multipeaks electric field distribution between adjacent gold nanoparticles in the gap distance of AuNPs and on its edges .In this computational and exponential study we examine image reconstruction of electric field distribution occurs due to striking of x-ray on a gold nanoparticles at different concentration, also study the relation between gap distance between neighboring AuNPs. A CST STUDIO program used to calculate the electric field distribution .Electric field images of the gold nanoparticles as contrast agent demonstrate the potential of the approach for detecting the potential of gold nanoparticles in enhancing the image quality.
Nanotechnology applied to biological problems represents an emerging filed with its potential to offer extremely sensitive diagnostics and targeted cancer therapies. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are of interest as potential in vivo diagnostic and as X-ray contrast agents, the electromagnetic coupling between three-dimensional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated in different concentration. We report on the observation of multipeaks electric field distribution between adjacent gold nanoparticles in the gap distance of AuNPs and on its edges .In this computational and exponential study we examine image reconstruction of electric field distribution occurs due to striking of x-ray on a gold nanoparticles at different concentration, also study the relation between gap distance between neighboring AuNPs. A CST STUDIO program used to calculate the electric field distribution .Electric field images of the gold nanoparticles as contrast agent demonstrate the potential of the approach for detecting the potential of gold nanoparticles in enhancing the image quality.
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Contrast Agent Concentration on X-Ray Diagnoses: Experimental and Computational Study
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140204.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-07-18
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed I. Badawi
Moustafa M. Ahmed
Soheir M. I. El-kholy
Nivan M. Fikry
M. S. Nasr Eldin
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Contrast Agent Concentration on X-Ray Diagnoses: Experimental and Computational Study
2
4
69
69
2014-07-18
2014-07-18
10.11648/j.nano.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Review on Magneto-Rheological Fluid and its Application
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.12
Magnetorheological fluids have received widespread attention as smart materials due to their tunable properties. MRF consists of three key components including, soft magnetic particles, carrier liquids, and additives. This review details the characteristics, composition, and rheological principle of MRF, working principle of MRF devices, and their applications in other engineering arenas. The aim is to provide a basis understanding of magneto-rheological components and technology to the readers.
Magnetorheological fluids have received widespread attention as smart materials due to their tunable properties. MRF consists of three key components including, soft magnetic particles, carrier liquids, and additives. This review details the characteristics, composition, and rheological principle of MRF, working principle of MRF devices, and their applications in other engineering arenas. The aim is to provide a basis understanding of magneto-rheological components and technology to the readers.
Review on Magneto-Rheological Fluid and its Application
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140204.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-07-26
© Science Publishing Group
Xu Biao
Luo Yiping
Ren Hongjuan
Review on Magneto-Rheological Fluid and its Application
2
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74
74
2014-07-26
2014-07-26
10.11648/j.nano.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
Green Synthesis of Tin Based Nano Medicine: Assessment of Microstructure and Surface Property
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.13
The present study is about an eco-friendly and cost effective method of using five potent plant extracts and sunlight as the reaction medium and grinding as a nano technique to prepare nano composite of tin (IV) oxide from tin metal. The equivalent preparation is widely used as a drug formulation in the treatment of spectrum of infectious diseases. The intensive grinding and calcinations with the plant material lead to the formation of nano crystallite with a tetragonal phase with an average crystallite size of 27nm. The elements Ca, P, Na, Mg and Fe at the microscopic level identified at the surface of the nano crystallite by the X – ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy showed the uniqueness of the synthesis. The formation of spherical crystallites with good distribution of pores was indicated by the electron microscopic images and adsorption studies. The presence of oxygen deficiency arising due to nonstoichiometry in the crystal lattice was evident from the Electron paramagnetic Resonance study. The free radical equivalent of DPPH radical calculated for the final stage sample was suggestive of its anti-oxidant property and hence it’s biological activity. The overall research study provided an alternative route of preparing nontoxic nano tin (IV) oxide composite with good biological activity apart from its already proven catalytic and sensor applications.
The present study is about an eco-friendly and cost effective method of using five potent plant extracts and sunlight as the reaction medium and grinding as a nano technique to prepare nano composite of tin (IV) oxide from tin metal. The equivalent preparation is widely used as a drug formulation in the treatment of spectrum of infectious diseases. The intensive grinding and calcinations with the plant material lead to the formation of nano crystallite with a tetragonal phase with an average crystallite size of 27nm. The elements Ca, P, Na, Mg and Fe at the microscopic level identified at the surface of the nano crystallite by the X – ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy showed the uniqueness of the synthesis. The formation of spherical crystallites with good distribution of pores was indicated by the electron microscopic images and adsorption studies. The presence of oxygen deficiency arising due to nonstoichiometry in the crystal lattice was evident from the Electron paramagnetic Resonance study. The free radical equivalent of DPPH radical calculated for the final stage sample was suggestive of its anti-oxidant property and hence it’s biological activity. The overall research study provided an alternative route of preparing nontoxic nano tin (IV) oxide composite with good biological activity apart from its already proven catalytic and sensor applications.
Green Synthesis of Tin Based Nano Medicine: Assessment of Microstructure and Surface Property
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140204.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-08-07
© Science Publishing Group
Sethumadhavan Sudhaparimala
Arumugam Gnanamani A.
Asit Baran Mandal
Green Synthesis of Tin Based Nano Medicine: Assessment of Microstructure and Surface Property
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83
83
2014-08-07
2014-08-07
10.11648/j.nano.20140204.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.13
© Science Publishing Group
Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Their Potential Application
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.14
Our research focused on the production, characterization and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which can be utilized in biomedical research and environmental cleaning applications. We used an environmentally friendly Green synthetic technique for the production of the AgNPs. The Vitex negundo leaf extract used to produce the nanoparticles were from aqueous extracts. Synthesis of colloidal AgNPs was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak between 410 nm corresponding to the Plasmon absorbance of the AgNPs. The method used for the preparation of silver nanoparticles was found to be rapid and require no toxic chemicals. The Vitex negundo capped silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV/Vis-spectroscopy, Particle size analyzer (PSA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). Duly characterized nanoparticles were explored for their application as antimicrobial agent were also found to exhibit reasonably good antimicrobial activity when compared with standard Chloramphenicol, which suggests its potential use as antimicrobial agent with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which is not toxic for human healthy cells, but inhibit bacterial growth.
Our research focused on the production, characterization and application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which can be utilized in biomedical research and environmental cleaning applications. We used an environmentally friendly Green synthetic technique for the production of the AgNPs. The Vitex negundo leaf extract used to produce the nanoparticles were from aqueous extracts. Synthesis of colloidal AgNPs was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The UV-Visible spectrum showed a peak between 410 nm corresponding to the Plasmon absorbance of the AgNPs. The method used for the preparation of silver nanoparticles was found to be rapid and require no toxic chemicals. The Vitex negundo capped silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV/Vis-spectroscopy, Particle size analyzer (PSA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX). Duly characterized nanoparticles were explored for their application as antimicrobial agent were also found to exhibit reasonably good antimicrobial activity when compared with standard Chloramphenicol, which suggests its potential use as antimicrobial agent with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which is not toxic for human healthy cells, but inhibit bacterial growth.
Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Their Potential Application
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140204.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-08-19
© Science Publishing Group
Ananya Shukla
Bharat A. Makwana
Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Their Potential Application
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92
92
2014-08-19
2014-08-19
10.11648/j.nano.20140204.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140204.14
© Science Publishing Group
Research on Thermoelastic Tension in Two-Layer Structure of Glassceramic ZERODUR by Modulation Polarimetry Method
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140205.11
Thermotension induced by a thermal stream from contact heating with a capacity of 1 W at a slight temperature gradient within a sample (6-10°С) has been found in the sample consisting of two bonded plates made from the glass ceramics ZERODUR by means of the method of a modulation polarimetry. Changes in the distribution of values of tension lengthwise and crosswise in the directions of a thermal stream in the course of sample heating have been measured. The research showed that the reason of thermotension was related to a connecting layer and a distinction in values of the photoelastic constant of a nanocrystal and glass phase of ZERODUR.
Thermotension induced by a thermal stream from contact heating with a capacity of 1 W at a slight temperature gradient within a sample (6-10°С) has been found in the sample consisting of two bonded plates made from the glass ceramics ZERODUR by means of the method of a modulation polarimetry. Changes in the distribution of values of tension lengthwise and crosswise in the directions of a thermal stream in the course of sample heating have been measured. The research showed that the reason of thermotension was related to a connecting layer and a distinction in values of the photoelastic constant of a nanocrystal and glass phase of ZERODUR.
Research on Thermoelastic Tension in Two-Layer Structure of Glassceramic ZERODUR by Modulation Polarimetry Method
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140205.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Irina Minailova
Igor Matyash
Boris Serdega
Volodymyr Maslov
Nataliya Kachur
Research on Thermoelastic Tension in Two-Layer Structure of Glassceramic ZERODUR by Modulation Polarimetry Method
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97
97
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.nano.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Bio-Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Bacteria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140205.12
A promising avenue of research in materials science is to follow the strategies used by Mother Nature to fabricate ornate hierarchical structures as exemplified by organisms such as diatoms, sponges and magnetotactic bacteria. Some of the strategies used in the biological world to create functional inorganic materials may well have practical implications in the world of nanomaterials. The aim of our work is to examine the synthetic of magnetite nanoparticles under different conditions to show the influence in magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetospirillum strain AMB-1 was used in this study in order to produce magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles of average size~47 nm were obtained. The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles under different incubation temperature were examined and a small influence in magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles was indicated.
A promising avenue of research in materials science is to follow the strategies used by Mother Nature to fabricate ornate hierarchical structures as exemplified by organisms such as diatoms, sponges and magnetotactic bacteria. Some of the strategies used in the biological world to create functional inorganic materials may well have practical implications in the world of nanomaterials. The aim of our work is to examine the synthetic of magnetite nanoparticles under different conditions to show the influence in magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetospirillum strain AMB-1 was used in this study in order to produce magnetite nanoparticles. Magnetite nanoparticles of average size~47 nm were obtained. The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles under different incubation temperature were examined and a small influence in magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles was indicated.
Bio-Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Bacteria
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140205.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-10-30
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed Abdul-Aziz Elblbesy
Adel Kamel Madbouly
Thamer Abed-Alhaleem Hamdan
Bio-Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Bacteria
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103
103
2014-10-30
2014-10-30
10.11648/j.nano.20140205.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140205.12
© Science Publishing Group
Soluble Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Composites Containing Covalently Associated Zirconium Dioxide Nanocrystals
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140205.13
Well soluble composite samples of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing hybrid nanoparticles with covalently associated ZrO2 nanocrystals of an average size of (20±5) nm have been studied by light scattering, viscometry and absorption spectroscopy methods in diluted solutions. Composites were synthesized by two ways: in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate in a presence of ZrO2, and by polymerization of methyl methacrylate in toluene solution with the dispersed ZrO2 nanocrystals. Surface of ZrO2 was preliminary chemically modified by γ-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate in both cases. Weight fraction of ZrO2 in composite samples was varied in the range 1-3 %. Solution properties of composite polymers revealed that a way of monomer polymerization (in bulk or in solution) affect the type of the produced polymer-inorganic hybrids. Sphere like “core-shell” nanoparticles with a single ZrO2 nanocrystal as a core are mainly formed when polymerization in solution is carried out. Under the conditions of in situ bulk polymerization the organic-inorganic particles of significantly larger size with the irregular number of associated ZrO2 nanocrystals are produced. The size of hybrid nanoparticles in composite samples was determined. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to visualize the difference of ZrO2 distribution in thin films of the both type composite samples.
Well soluble composite samples of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing hybrid nanoparticles with covalently associated ZrO2 nanocrystals of an average size of (20±5) nm have been studied by light scattering, viscometry and absorption spectroscopy methods in diluted solutions. Composites were synthesized by two ways: in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate in a presence of ZrO2, and by polymerization of methyl methacrylate in toluene solution with the dispersed ZrO2 nanocrystals. Surface of ZrO2 was preliminary chemically modified by γ-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate in both cases. Weight fraction of ZrO2 in composite samples was varied in the range 1-3 %. Solution properties of composite polymers revealed that a way of monomer polymerization (in bulk or in solution) affect the type of the produced polymer-inorganic hybrids. Sphere like “core-shell” nanoparticles with a single ZrO2 nanocrystal as a core are mainly formed when polymerization in solution is carried out. Under the conditions of in situ bulk polymerization the organic-inorganic particles of significantly larger size with the irregular number of associated ZrO2 nanocrystals are produced. The size of hybrid nanoparticles in composite samples was determined. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to visualize the difference of ZrO2 distribution in thin films of the both type composite samples.
Soluble Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Composites Containing Covalently Associated Zirconium Dioxide Nanocrystals
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140205.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-11-04
© Science Publishing Group
Natalia Yevlampieva
Alexander Bugrov
Tatiana Anan’eva
Mikhail Antipov
Evgeny Ryumtsev
Soluble Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Composites Containing Covalently Associated Zirconium Dioxide Nanocrystals
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111
111
2014-11-04
2014-11-04
10.11648/j.nano.20140205.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140205.13
© Science Publishing Group
Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Device Physics
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140206.11
In this paper, the device physics of carbon nanotubes is analyzed depend on the graphene structure. The analysis is done to calculate energy dispersion relation, effective mass and intrinsic carrier concentration of graphene to establish different carbon nanotubes. Diameters with different chiral vector (n, m) of carbon nanotubes vary the electronics properties of graphene. Different chiral vector of a graphene allows designing carbon nanotube (CNT) for different types of appliance, which can be achieved from the analyzed carrier concentration calculation. This investigation will helpful for further designing of CNT-based nano device.
In this paper, the device physics of carbon nanotubes is analyzed depend on the graphene structure. The analysis is done to calculate energy dispersion relation, effective mass and intrinsic carrier concentration of graphene to establish different carbon nanotubes. Diameters with different chiral vector (n, m) of carbon nanotubes vary the electronics properties of graphene. Different chiral vector of a graphene allows designing carbon nanotube (CNT) for different types of appliance, which can be achieved from the analyzed carrier concentration calculation. This investigation will helpful for further designing of CNT-based nano device.
Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Device Physics
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20140206.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Soheli Farhana
Ahm Zahirul Alam
Sheroz Khan
Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Device Physics
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2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Tailored Nano- and Micrometer Sized Structures of Gold-Nanoparticles at Polymeric Surfaces Via Photochemical and Kinetic Control of the Synthesis and Deposition Process
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.11
The goal of the present work is to elucidate complex nano- and micrometer surface modification of soft materials via photochemical and kinetic control of the synthesis and deposition process of gold-nanoparticles. The key to this technology is the synthesis of gold-nanoparticles from different HAuCl4 precursor solutions with photons of a defined short wavelength emitted by Xe2* (172 nm) and XeCl* (308 nm) vacuum UV and UV-C excimer lamps. The size and plasmonic properties of the spherical nanoparticles are tailored by the application of different irradiation conditions. Additionally, with 172 nm irradiation porous nanomembranes are generated. Furthermore, the spatial and density controlled immobilization of nanoparticles on to solid supports such as paper and PES membranes is demonstrated leading to defined 2-dimensional structures in the micrometer range. The synthesis of high gold content structures on paper substrates allows for the rapid and simple generation of conductive paths in electronic circuits. The generated micro– and nanosystems are characterized by scanning electron and light microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and UV/VIS spectroscopy. In order to shed light into the kinetic mechanism quantum chemical calculations are employed that help to identify preferred reaction paths of the photo-induced reduction of Au(III) to Au(0).
The goal of the present work is to elucidate complex nano- and micrometer surface modification of soft materials via photochemical and kinetic control of the synthesis and deposition process of gold-nanoparticles. The key to this technology is the synthesis of gold-nanoparticles from different HAuCl4 precursor solutions with photons of a defined short wavelength emitted by Xe2* (172 nm) and XeCl* (308 nm) vacuum UV and UV-C excimer lamps. The size and plasmonic properties of the spherical nanoparticles are tailored by the application of different irradiation conditions. Additionally, with 172 nm irradiation porous nanomembranes are generated. Furthermore, the spatial and density controlled immobilization of nanoparticles on to solid supports such as paper and PES membranes is demonstrated leading to defined 2-dimensional structures in the micrometer range. The synthesis of high gold content structures on paper substrates allows for the rapid and simple generation of conductive paths in electronic circuits. The generated micro– and nanosystems are characterized by scanning electron and light microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and UV/VIS spectroscopy. In order to shed light into the kinetic mechanism quantum chemical calculations are employed that help to identify preferred reaction paths of the photo-induced reduction of Au(III) to Au(0).
Tailored Nano- and Micrometer Sized Structures of Gold-Nanoparticles at Polymeric Surfaces Via Photochemical and Kinetic Control of the Synthesis and Deposition Process
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Christian Elsner
Andrea Prager
Ulrich Decker
Sergej Naumov
Bernd Abel
Tailored Nano- and Micrometer Sized Structures of Gold-Nanoparticles at Polymeric Surfaces Via Photochemical and Kinetic Control of the Synthesis and Deposition Process
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8
8
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.11
© Science Publishing Group
Efficient Route to High-Quality Graphene Materials: Kinetically Controlled Electron Beam Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Aqueous Dispersion
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.12
This work is presenting a highly efficient, cost-efficient and environmentally friendly method for the production of graphene materials (reduced graphene oxide, RedGO) via electron beam (EB) irradiation of aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO). Our strategy here is based on a reduction of GO via EB irradiation under optimally controlled conditions, i.e. dose and dose rate, reducing species, and taking the environmental impact of educt and product into account. The preparation of highly conductive RedGO under these conditions takes only 10-20 minutes at ambient temperature. After our first approach [1], a somewhat similar study was reported by Jung et al. [2] for GO dispersions in H2O/EtOH (50:50). However, the latter route [2], although being similar in spirit, has serious drawbacks for large-scale production because of the formation of acetaldehyde, a very toxic compound, derived from the ethanol in the solvent. The advantages of the present approach compared to [2] are: (i) the use of water as a solvent with only a small content (0.03 - 2 wt.-%) of 2-PrOH allows the scaling-up, since neither 2-PrOH nor its final product acetone are of high technological or environmental concerns; (ii) a much lower dose is required for GO reduction (about 20 vs. 200 kGy, corresponding to only 1/10 of energy consumed); (iii) the conductivity of RedGO is over 60 times higher. Based on the XPS and conductivity measurements, it was established that the EB treatment is leading also to a more efficient reduction of GO compared to the hydrazine method. The highest conductivity in our systems is identical to the best known value of 3 x 104 S/m for RedGO obtained via HI / acetic acid treatment which takes, however, 40 h at 40 ºC.
This work is presenting a highly efficient, cost-efficient and environmentally friendly method for the production of graphene materials (reduced graphene oxide, RedGO) via electron beam (EB) irradiation of aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO). Our strategy here is based on a reduction of GO via EB irradiation under optimally controlled conditions, i.e. dose and dose rate, reducing species, and taking the environmental impact of educt and product into account. The preparation of highly conductive RedGO under these conditions takes only 10-20 minutes at ambient temperature. After our first approach [1], a somewhat similar study was reported by Jung et al. [2] for GO dispersions in H2O/EtOH (50:50). However, the latter route [2], although being similar in spirit, has serious drawbacks for large-scale production because of the formation of acetaldehyde, a very toxic compound, derived from the ethanol in the solvent. The advantages of the present approach compared to [2] are: (i) the use of water as a solvent with only a small content (0.03 - 2 wt.-%) of 2-PrOH allows the scaling-up, since neither 2-PrOH nor its final product acetone are of high technological or environmental concerns; (ii) a much lower dose is required for GO reduction (about 20 vs. 200 kGy, corresponding to only 1/10 of energy consumed); (iii) the conductivity of RedGO is over 60 times higher. Based on the XPS and conductivity measurements, it was established that the EB treatment is leading also to a more efficient reduction of GO compared to the hydrazine method. The highest conductivity in our systems is identical to the best known value of 3 x 104 S/m for RedGO obtained via HI / acetic acid treatment which takes, however, 40 h at 40 ºC.
Efficient Route to High-Quality Graphene Materials: Kinetically Controlled Electron Beam Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Aqueous Dispersion
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Roman Flyunt
Wolfgang Knolle
Axel Kahnt
Siegfried Eigler
Andriy Lotnyk
Tilmann Häupl
Andrea Prager
Dirk Guldi
Bernd Abel
Efficient Route to High-Quality Graphene Materials: Kinetically Controlled Electron Beam Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Aqueous Dispersion
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2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.12
© Science Publishing Group
Comparison of Four Ionic Liquid Force Fields to an Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.13
The reliability of four force fields developed for 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis¬(tri¬fluoro¬methylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids are compared to an ab inito molecular dynamics simulation regarding structural properties. Except the hydrogen bond structure between the most acidic hydrogen atom of the imidazolium ring and the nitrogen atom of the anion as well as the intramolecular potential surface of the anion in solution, structural properties are reproduced very well by all investigated force fields. Most recommended can be the force field developed by Canongia Lopes and Pádua because it reproduces best the hydrogen bond structure between the most acidic hydrogen atom of the imidazolium ring and the nitrogen atom of the anion.
The reliability of four force fields developed for 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis¬(tri¬fluoro¬methylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids are compared to an ab inito molecular dynamics simulation regarding structural properties. Except the hydrogen bond structure between the most acidic hydrogen atom of the imidazolium ring and the nitrogen atom of the anion as well as the intramolecular potential surface of the anion in solution, structural properties are reproduced very well by all investigated force fields. Most recommended can be the force field developed by Canongia Lopes and Pádua because it reproduces best the hydrogen bond structure between the most acidic hydrogen atom of the imidazolium ring and the nitrogen atom of the anion.
Comparison of Four Ionic Liquid Force Fields to an Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Stefan Zahn
Richard Cybik
Comparison of Four Ionic Liquid Force Fields to an Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.13
© Science Publishing Group
High Resolution Imaging of a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube with Energy-Filtered Photoemission Electron Microscopy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.14
Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is a powerful and well established tool in surface science. In recent years, PEEM has been increasingly applied to new terrain, such as imaging of complex nano-objects and functional molecular materials, as well as time-resolved experiments. When applying PEEM to such new terrain, information on the mechanisms causing contrast in the PEEM image is particularly valuable. Here, we present a PEEM study on a complex nano-object – an individual multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) – to shed light on the origin of PEEM contrast. The presented PEEM images of the nanotube are of unsurpassed resolution and feature intensity variations along the nanotube. Complementary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on the same nanotube reveal topography as the dominant cause for the contrast observed along the nanotube. Energy-filtered PEEM measurements demonstrate that the contrast between nanotube and substrate mainly originates from their different electronic structures. The measurements further demonstrate that energy-filtered PEEM has the potential to image electronic structure variations of complex nano-objects and materials on nanometer length scales.
Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is a powerful and well established tool in surface science. In recent years, PEEM has been increasingly applied to new terrain, such as imaging of complex nano-objects and functional molecular materials, as well as time-resolved experiments. When applying PEEM to such new terrain, information on the mechanisms causing contrast in the PEEM image is particularly valuable. Here, we present a PEEM study on a complex nano-object – an individual multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) – to shed light on the origin of PEEM contrast. The presented PEEM images of the nanotube are of unsurpassed resolution and feature intensity variations along the nanotube. Complementary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on the same nanotube reveal topography as the dominant cause for the contrast observed along the nanotube. Energy-filtered PEEM measurements demonstrate that the contrast between nanotube and substrate mainly originates from their different electronic structures. The measurements further demonstrate that energy-filtered PEEM has the potential to image electronic structure variations of complex nano-objects and materials on nanometer length scales.
High Resolution Imaging of a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube with Energy-Filtered Photoemission Electron Microscopy
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Andreas Neff
Olga Naumov
Timna-Josua Kühn
Nils Weber
Michael Merkel
Bernd Abel
Aron Varga
Katrin R. Siefermann
High Resolution Imaging of a Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube with Energy-Filtered Photoemission Electron Microscopy
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2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.14
© Science Publishing Group
A Flexible Research Reactor for Atomic Layer Deposition with a Sample-Transport Chamber for in Vacuo Analytics
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.15
A modular reactor for thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) was designed, which allows changes of all reactor components in order to obtain a flexible set-up for research purpose. A sample transport chamber is included for dual purpose. It allows for in vacuo transport of samples to analytical devices such as an XPS instrument. Surface activation of the samples is possible in the same chamber via an irradiation-induced approach.
A modular reactor for thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) was designed, which allows changes of all reactor components in order to obtain a flexible set-up for research purpose. A sample transport chamber is included for dual purpose. It allows for in vacuo transport of samples to analytical devices such as an XPS instrument. Surface activation of the samples is possible in the same chamber via an irradiation-induced approach.
A Flexible Research Reactor for Atomic Layer Deposition with a Sample-Transport Chamber for in Vacuo Analytics
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.15
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Axel Sobottka
Lutz Drößler
C. Hossbach
Bernd Abel
Ulrike Helmstedt
A Flexible Research Reactor for Atomic Layer Deposition with a Sample-Transport Chamber for in Vacuo Analytics
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38
38
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.15
© Science Publishing Group
Optical Switching of Azophenol Derivatives in Solution and in Polymer Thin Films: The Role of Chemical Substitution and Environment
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.16
Design of polymer materials whose properties can be reversibly changed by illumination with light is a technology of particular scientific interest. Such materials contain molecular chromophors, which change their geometry and/or polarity upon absorption of light of a specific wavelength. The most prominent chromophores are azobenzene derivatives. Here, we present a systematic study on azobenzene derivatives in order to quantify the impact of chemical substitution and chemical environment on the dynamics of light-induced trans-cis isomerization (at 368 nm and 355 nm), thermal cis-trans relaxation, and light-induced cis-trans isomerization (at 434 nm). Systems under investigation were 4-hydroxyazobenzene (4-HAB) in acetonitrile (MeCN) solution and in a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. These two systems are compared to systems in which 4-HAB is esterified, namely 4-hydroxyazobenzene covalently bound (esterified) to PMMA matrix, and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine-4- hydroxyazobenzene (Boc-Gly-4-HAB) in MeCN and in PMMA. Photoisomerization and thermal relaxation kinetics are monitored with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and accompanied by quantum chemical calculations to shed light into the molecular origin of observed differences in switching properties. We find that the chemical environment (MeCN vs. PMMA) only has minor impacts (~10%) on trans to cis photoisomerization rates. Also, the impact of chemical environment on thermal cis to trans relaxation is small; with relaxation rates in PMMA beeing < 35% smaller compared to rates in MeCN solution. However, the thermal cis to trans relaxation rates of 4-HAB are clearly faster (factor > 400) than the rates of esterified systems. This difference is a clear result of the different substituents on the azobenzene moiety. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the cis-configuration in the esterified systems is stabilized by an intramolecular H-bond between a carbonyl oxygen on the substituent and an H atom on the phenyl ring. In all systems, the cis to trans isomerization can be significantly accelerated by illumination with 434 nm light. For esterified systems, accelerations by factors of about 5700 – 15500 are observed. In the case of 4-hydroxyazobenzene covalently bound (esterified) to the PMMA matrix, complete light induced transfer from cis to trans is possible. In addition, it features a low thermal cis to trans isomerization rate and acceptable photoinduced trans to cis isomerization properties. With this, the material fulfills the basic requirements of a functional polymer material whose properties can be reversibly changed by illumination with light.
Design of polymer materials whose properties can be reversibly changed by illumination with light is a technology of particular scientific interest. Such materials contain molecular chromophors, which change their geometry and/or polarity upon absorption of light of a specific wavelength. The most prominent chromophores are azobenzene derivatives. Here, we present a systematic study on azobenzene derivatives in order to quantify the impact of chemical substitution and chemical environment on the dynamics of light-induced trans-cis isomerization (at 368 nm and 355 nm), thermal cis-trans relaxation, and light-induced cis-trans isomerization (at 434 nm). Systems under investigation were 4-hydroxyazobenzene (4-HAB) in acetonitrile (MeCN) solution and in a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. These two systems are compared to systems in which 4-HAB is esterified, namely 4-hydroxyazobenzene covalently bound (esterified) to PMMA matrix, and N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine-4- hydroxyazobenzene (Boc-Gly-4-HAB) in MeCN and in PMMA. Photoisomerization and thermal relaxation kinetics are monitored with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and accompanied by quantum chemical calculations to shed light into the molecular origin of observed differences in switching properties. We find that the chemical environment (MeCN vs. PMMA) only has minor impacts (~10%) on trans to cis photoisomerization rates. Also, the impact of chemical environment on thermal cis to trans relaxation is small; with relaxation rates in PMMA beeing < 35% smaller compared to rates in MeCN solution. However, the thermal cis to trans relaxation rates of 4-HAB are clearly faster (factor > 400) than the rates of esterified systems. This difference is a clear result of the different substituents on the azobenzene moiety. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the cis-configuration in the esterified systems is stabilized by an intramolecular H-bond between a carbonyl oxygen on the substituent and an H atom on the phenyl ring. In all systems, the cis to trans isomerization can be significantly accelerated by illumination with 434 nm light. For esterified systems, accelerations by factors of about 5700 – 15500 are observed. In the case of 4-hydroxyazobenzene covalently bound (esterified) to the PMMA matrix, complete light induced transfer from cis to trans is possible. In addition, it features a low thermal cis to trans isomerization rate and acceptable photoinduced trans to cis isomerization properties. With this, the material fulfills the basic requirements of a functional polymer material whose properties can be reversibly changed by illumination with light.
Optical Switching of Azophenol Derivatives in Solution and in Polymer Thin Films: The Role of Chemical Substitution and Environment
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.16
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Yasser M. Riyad
Sergej Naumov
Jan Griebel
Christian Elsner
Ralf Hermann
Katrin R. Siefermann
Bernd Abel
Optical Switching of Azophenol Derivatives in Solution and in Polymer Thin Films: The Role of Chemical Substitution and Environment
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52
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.16
© Science Publishing Group
Investigations on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Pure and Mg-Doped Nano-CuCrO2
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.17
This paper presents some investigations on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-CuCrO2. Several successively altered synthesis protocols are used to investigate effects of changing the mineralizer amount, lowering reaction temperature and addition of a reducing agent. As a result modified protocols for the hydrothermal synthesis of pure and Mg-doped CuCrO2 are presented. Different washing and annealing steps are used to perform a comparative XRD-study on these materials.
This paper presents some investigations on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-CuCrO2. Several successively altered synthesis protocols are used to investigate effects of changing the mineralizer amount, lowering reaction temperature and addition of a reducing agent. As a result modified protocols for the hydrothermal synthesis of pure and Mg-doped CuCrO2 are presented. Different washing and annealing steps are used to perform a comparative XRD-study on these materials.
Investigations on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Pure and Mg-Doped Nano-CuCrO2
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.17
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Dirk Friedrich
Investigations on the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Pure and Mg-Doped Nano-CuCrO2
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60
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.17
© Science Publishing Group
Progress in Solid Acid Fuel Cell Electrodes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.18
Solid acid fuel cells represent a relatively new technology with the advantage of an intermediate operating temperature of 240°C and a solid state proton conducting electrolyte (CsH2PO4). Widespread commercial application has been hindered mainly by low performance and costly electrodes containing a high Pt loading. Here we review the recent progress and current status of solid acid fuel cell electrodes. Major efforts include creating nanostructured composites leading to much reduced Pt loadings while maintaining or even increasing performance. Furthermore, fundamental studies on Pt thin films, as geometrically controlled electrodes, have recently revealed the possibility of an electrochemical pathway through the two-phase boundary in addition to the classic three-phase boundary. Carbon nanotubes as electronic interconnects have been shown to dramatically improve Pt catalyst utilization and hence electrode performance. Major efforts are spent to search for alternative, non-precious metal catalysts.
Solid acid fuel cells represent a relatively new technology with the advantage of an intermediate operating temperature of 240°C and a solid state proton conducting electrolyte (CsH2PO4). Widespread commercial application has been hindered mainly by low performance and costly electrodes containing a high Pt loading. Here we review the recent progress and current status of solid acid fuel cell electrodes. Major efforts include creating nanostructured composites leading to much reduced Pt loadings while maintaining or even increasing performance. Furthermore, fundamental studies on Pt thin films, as geometrically controlled electrodes, have recently revealed the possibility of an electrochemical pathway through the two-phase boundary in addition to the classic three-phase boundary. Carbon nanotubes as electronic interconnects have been shown to dramatically improve Pt catalyst utilization and hence electrode performance. Major efforts are spent to search for alternative, non-precious metal catalysts.
Progress in Solid Acid Fuel Cell Electrodes
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.18
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Aron Varga
Progress in Solid Acid Fuel Cell Electrodes
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2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020601.18
© Science Publishing Group
Substrate Dependence of HC Coercive Field in Fe/Ag Thin Films
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.11
Iron/Silver (Fe/Ag) Thin films are prepared by molecular beam epitaxial technical on to kinds of substrate: Magnesium dioxide(Periclase) single crystalline substrates (MgO (001)) and Silicon polycristalline one (Si (100)/SiO2). The magnetic layer thickness is fixed at 300Å and the buffer layer Ag films thickness is varied from 0Å to 150Å by a step of 50Å. We are used two kinds of substrates, to find the effect of the variation in the kind of substrate on the magnetic properties such as the coercive field (Hc) of these thin films. The magnetic properties of these films are characterized by the Magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) technical at room temperature with a static magnetic field applied parallel to <100> and <110> Fe film directions. The analysis of the hysteresis loops who registered by MOKE indicates the presence of an in plane easy magnetization axis in the two kinds of samples and shows a dependence of the uniaxiale anisotropy on the Ag buffer layer thickness in the case of sample how’s deposited into Mgo single crystalline substrates, and it appear in the large values of coercive fields in the case of <100> applied field direction, which also depend with the variation of the Ag buffer layer thickness.
Iron/Silver (Fe/Ag) Thin films are prepared by molecular beam epitaxial technical on to kinds of substrate: Magnesium dioxide(Periclase) single crystalline substrates (MgO (001)) and Silicon polycristalline one (Si (100)/SiO2). The magnetic layer thickness is fixed at 300Å and the buffer layer Ag films thickness is varied from 0Å to 150Å by a step of 50Å. We are used two kinds of substrates, to find the effect of the variation in the kind of substrate on the magnetic properties such as the coercive field (Hc) of these thin films. The magnetic properties of these films are characterized by the Magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) technical at room temperature with a static magnetic field applied parallel to <100> and <110> Fe film directions. The analysis of the hysteresis loops who registered by MOKE indicates the presence of an in plane easy magnetization axis in the two kinds of samples and shows a dependence of the uniaxiale anisotropy on the Ag buffer layer thickness in the case of sample how’s deposited into Mgo single crystalline substrates, and it appear in the large values of coercive fields in the case of <100> applied field direction, which also depend with the variation of the Ag buffer layer thickness.
Substrate Dependence of HC Coercive Field in Fe/Ag Thin Films
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-01-08
© Science Publishing Group
Radhia Boukhalfa
Amina Djabri
Faïçal Chemam
Substrate Dependence of HC Coercive Field in Fe/Ag Thin Films
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4
4
2015-01-08
2015-01-08
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.11
© Science Publishing Group
Green Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Biomedical Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.12
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science and technology with numerous applications in biomedical fields and manufacturing new materials. To extract gold nanoparticles with different techniques, green biosynthesis is in under exploration due to its cost effective ecofriendly preparation with controllable shape, size and disparity, tremendous physical and chemical inertness, optical properties related with surface plasmon resonance, surface modification, surface bio-conjugation with molecular probes, excellent biocompatibility and less toxicity. This review article presents the overview of green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and their recent biomedical applications.
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science and technology with numerous applications in biomedical fields and manufacturing new materials. To extract gold nanoparticles with different techniques, green biosynthesis is in under exploration due to its cost effective ecofriendly preparation with controllable shape, size and disparity, tremendous physical and chemical inertness, optical properties related with surface plasmon resonance, surface modification, surface bio-conjugation with molecular probes, excellent biocompatibility and less toxicity. This review article presents the overview of green biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and their recent biomedical applications.
Green Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Biomedical Applications
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-01-08
© Science Publishing Group
Tuhin Subhra Santra
Fan-Gang Tseng
Tarun Kumar Barik
Green Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Biomedical Applications
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12
2015-01-08
2015-01-08
10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2014020602.12
© Science Publishing Group
Three Quantum Particles Hardy Entanglement from the Topology of Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime and the Casimir Effect as Dark Energy – A Great Opportunity for Nanotechnology
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150301.11
The present work brings together three different fields which depend crucially upon nano hardware under the umbrella of E-infinity theoretical framework. We start by following E-infinity topological methodology by dividing Hardy’s entanglement into two parts, a global ‘counterfactual’ part given by Φ3 where Φ = 2/(1+ √5) and a ‘local’ part Φn where n is the number of quantum particles. For Hardy’s celebrated gedankenexperiment with two quantum particles, which was moreover experimentally confirmed with high accuracy, the quantum probability is found for n = 2 to be P(2) (Hardy) = Φ3+2= Φ5 exactly as calculated by Hardy using orthodox quantum mechanics. Applying the same topological E-infinity entanglement theory to three quantum particles give a maximal Φ6 as well as a three partite much smaller value equal Φ3(1− Φ3)/ = 0.018033989. We conclude by outlining the relevant and extremely timely ideas and remarks on the possible connection, via a state of the art nanotechnology, to the Casimir effect as a conjectured origin of dark energy.
The present work brings together three different fields which depend crucially upon nano hardware under the umbrella of E-infinity theoretical framework. We start by following E-infinity topological methodology by dividing Hardy’s entanglement into two parts, a global ‘counterfactual’ part given by Φ3 where Φ = 2/(1+ √5) and a ‘local’ part Φn where n is the number of quantum particles. For Hardy’s celebrated gedankenexperiment with two quantum particles, which was moreover experimentally confirmed with high accuracy, the quantum probability is found for n = 2 to be P(2) (Hardy) = Φ3+2= Φ5 exactly as calculated by Hardy using orthodox quantum mechanics. Applying the same topological E-infinity entanglement theory to three quantum particles give a maximal Φ6 as well as a three partite much smaller value equal Φ3(1− Φ3)/ = 0.018033989. We conclude by outlining the relevant and extremely timely ideas and remarks on the possible connection, via a state of the art nanotechnology, to the Casimir effect as a conjectured origin of dark energy.
Three Quantum Particles Hardy Entanglement from the Topology of Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime and the Casimir Effect as Dark Energy – A Great Opportunity for Nanotechnology
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150301.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-02-06
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed S. El Naschie
Three Quantum Particles Hardy Entanglement from the Topology of Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime and the Casimir Effect as Dark Energy – A Great Opportunity for Nanotechnology
3
1
5
5
2015-02-06
2015-02-06
10.11648/j.nano.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Studing of Silver Nanoparticle Effect on the Copper Bioleaching Output from Low Grade Sulfidic Ores
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150301.12
The extraction of metals from ores causes various environmental pollutions. Since Iran is located on the so-called ‘copper belt’ and holds a significant share of the world’s copper mines and resources, reduction of pollution from these mines can have an important effect on the overall reduction of pollution. Copper processing methods include pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy is mainly used in high grade mines whereas hydrometallurgy process is used in lower grade mines. In low grade copper sulfide mines, hydrometallurgy processes are used which use a lot of energy to covert mineral deposits into oxide forms which are then leached using sulfuric acid, or are extracted using bioleaching process. In acidic leaching, a lot of environmental pollution is created. Bioleaching process is an environmentally-friendly method which is mainly used in mines where the common physicochemical methods are not profitable. In this study, we have tried to increase the efficiency of bioleaching process by adding silver nanoparticle in order to increase the popularity of this method. For this purpose, initially the indigenous bacteria were separated from the ores and after adoption to silver, the bacteria were used in bioleaching tests. Three concentrations of silver component were used for the bioleaching tests. The results were compared to cases where no bacteria and no silver compounds were used, which showed significant increase in copper extraction efficiency. In the next step, the optimum concentration of silver was used in the percolation column. In this stage, four columns were set up for ‘with bacteria and silver’, ‘with silver’, ‘with bacteria’ and ‘without bacteria and silver’. Results show that the column with bacteria and silver produced the highest efficiency of copper extraction.
The extraction of metals from ores causes various environmental pollutions. Since Iran is located on the so-called ‘copper belt’ and holds a significant share of the world’s copper mines and resources, reduction of pollution from these mines can have an important effect on the overall reduction of pollution. Copper processing methods include pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy is mainly used in high grade mines whereas hydrometallurgy process is used in lower grade mines. In low grade copper sulfide mines, hydrometallurgy processes are used which use a lot of energy to covert mineral deposits into oxide forms which are then leached using sulfuric acid, or are extracted using bioleaching process. In acidic leaching, a lot of environmental pollution is created. Bioleaching process is an environmentally-friendly method which is mainly used in mines where the common physicochemical methods are not profitable. In this study, we have tried to increase the efficiency of bioleaching process by adding silver nanoparticle in order to increase the popularity of this method. For this purpose, initially the indigenous bacteria were separated from the ores and after adoption to silver, the bacteria were used in bioleaching tests. Three concentrations of silver component were used for the bioleaching tests. The results were compared to cases where no bacteria and no silver compounds were used, which showed significant increase in copper extraction efficiency. In the next step, the optimum concentration of silver was used in the percolation column. In this stage, four columns were set up for ‘with bacteria and silver’, ‘with silver’, ‘with bacteria’ and ‘without bacteria and silver’. Results show that the column with bacteria and silver produced the highest efficiency of copper extraction.
The Studing of Silver Nanoparticle Effect on the Copper Bioleaching Output from Low Grade Sulfidic Ores
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150301.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-02-28
© Science Publishing Group
Jamshid Raheb
Sorur SHaroknyan
Fatemeh Nazari
Yasin Rakhshany
The Studing of Silver Nanoparticle Effect on the Copper Bioleaching Output from Low Grade Sulfidic Ores
3
1
11
11
2015-02-28
2015-02-28
10.11648/j.nano.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Recent Advances in Self-Assembled DNA Nanosensors
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.11
Over the past 30 years DNA has been assembled into a plethora of structures by design, based on its reliable base pairing properties. As a result, many applications of DNA nanotechnology are emerging. Here, we review recent advances in the use of self-assembled DNA nanostructures as sensors. In particular, we focus on how defined nanostructures, such as rigid DNA tetrahedra, provide an advantage over traditional nanosensors consisting of arrays of single-stranded DNA. We also explore advances in DNA origami that have resulted in consistent detection of single molecules.
Over the past 30 years DNA has been assembled into a plethora of structures by design, based on its reliable base pairing properties. As a result, many applications of DNA nanotechnology are emerging. Here, we review recent advances in the use of self-assembled DNA nanostructures as sensors. In particular, we focus on how defined nanostructures, such as rigid DNA tetrahedra, provide an advantage over traditional nanosensors consisting of arrays of single-stranded DNA. We also explore advances in DNA origami that have resulted in consistent detection of single molecules.
Recent Advances in Self-Assembled DNA Nanosensors
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Karina M. M. Carneiro
Andrea A. Greschner
Recent Advances in Self-Assembled DNA Nanosensors
3
1
7
7
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Synthesis of a Novel L-Tartaric Acid Derived Homochiral Nanoscale Framework and Its Application in L-Proline Detection and Acetalization Catalysis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.12
A novel homochiral nanoscale compound, [Ca(L-C4H4O6)(H2O)2]•2H2O (Ca(L-tart)(H2O)2), which is derived from calcium ions and L-tartaric acid (L-tart =C4H4O6), was synthesized under hydrothermal condition. It has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, SEM, XRD, FTIR and TG. The calcium atoms adopt a tetrahedron geometry and each atom coordinates with eight oxygen atoms. The compound forms a two-dimensional network structure in the solid state via hydrogen bonds. Its performance of L-proline detection was tested, which attained effective result for the porous framework. Meanwhile, the high activity was also shown in acetalization catalysis.
A novel homochiral nanoscale compound, [Ca(L-C4H4O6)(H2O)2]•2H2O (Ca(L-tart)(H2O)2), which is derived from calcium ions and L-tartaric acid (L-tart =C4H4O6), was synthesized under hydrothermal condition. It has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, SEM, XRD, FTIR and TG. The calcium atoms adopt a tetrahedron geometry and each atom coordinates with eight oxygen atoms. The compound forms a two-dimensional network structure in the solid state via hydrogen bonds. Its performance of L-proline detection was tested, which attained effective result for the porous framework. Meanwhile, the high activity was also shown in acetalization catalysis.
Synthesis of a Novel L-Tartaric Acid Derived Homochiral Nanoscale Framework and Its Application in L-Proline Detection and Acetalization Catalysis
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-01-03
© Science Publishing Group
Xiong Peng
Radoelizo S. A.
Liping Liu
Yi Luan
Synthesis of a Novel L-Tartaric Acid Derived Homochiral Nanoscale Framework and Its Application in L-Proline Detection and Acetalization Catalysis
3
1
12
12
2015-01-03
2015-01-03
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Liposome-Based Nanosensors for Biological Detection
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.13
Liposomes are self-assembled structures that contain an inner aqueous compartment surrounded by a lipid bilayer. This unique structure inherently provides liposomes with a powerful capability for encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic or amphiphilic molecules or nanoparticles. Combining this property with appropriate signal amplification strategies and transduction techniques results in a variety of in vitro or in vivo biological sensors. In this review article, we discuss the latest trends in engineering and applications of liposome based nanosensors for biological sensing. Particular focus was made on the coupling of liposomes with popular sensor materials (enzymes, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and other sensor enhancement elements) for highly sensitive and selective detection of chemical and biological species. Such information will be viable in terms of providing a useful platform for designing future ultrasensitive liposome nanosensors.
Liposomes are self-assembled structures that contain an inner aqueous compartment surrounded by a lipid bilayer. This unique structure inherently provides liposomes with a powerful capability for encapsulating hydrophilic, hydrophobic or amphiphilic molecules or nanoparticles. Combining this property with appropriate signal amplification strategies and transduction techniques results in a variety of in vitro or in vivo biological sensors. In this review article, we discuss the latest trends in engineering and applications of liposome based nanosensors for biological sensing. Particular focus was made on the coupling of liposomes with popular sensor materials (enzymes, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and other sensor enhancement elements) for highly sensitive and selective detection of chemical and biological species. Such information will be viable in terms of providing a useful platform for designing future ultrasensitive liposome nanosensors.
Liposome-Based Nanosensors for Biological Detection
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-01-23
© Science Publishing Group
Changfeng Chen
Qiong Wang
Liposome-Based Nanosensors for Biological Detection
3
1
17
17
2015-01-23
2015-01-23
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.13
© Science Publishing Group
Review: Biosensor for Detection of Pesticide Residue
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.14
Pesticide residue is a common contamination in the environment and food. Various analytical methods have been developed to detect and analyze the residues. Biosensor is one of the fast detection technologies. In this paper, we reviewed those biosensors according to their unique detection mechanism, fabrication and incorporation with nanomaterials.
Pesticide residue is a common contamination in the environment and food. Various analytical methods have been developed to detect and analyze the residues. Biosensor is one of the fast detection technologies. In this paper, we reviewed those biosensors according to their unique detection mechanism, fabrication and incorporation with nanomaterials.
Review: Biosensor for Detection of Pesticide Residue
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-01-27
© Science Publishing Group
Qichen Wang
Youyou Xiong
Liping Lou
Review: Biosensor for Detection of Pesticide Residue
3
1
22
22
2015-01-27
2015-01-27
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.14
© Science Publishing Group
Review: Recent Developments of Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Assemblies for Sensing
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.15
In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art sensing methods for the detection of chemical and biological molecules, using a well-known and much studied material, carbon nanotubes, as the hybrid materials for fabrication assemblies. CNTs possesses a wide range of unique characteristics, including intriguing physical properties, higher aspect ratios, larger surface area, better chemical and thermal stability, and electronic and optical properties. The objective of this review is to present an overview of the synthetic strategies and their applications in both amperometric sensors and SPME fiber coatings. These methods are fast, sensitive, cheap and suitable for in-situ monitoring. We comprehensively review the mechanisms, the principles and the performances of chemical sensors and biosensors available in the literature.
In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art sensing methods for the detection of chemical and biological molecules, using a well-known and much studied material, carbon nanotubes, as the hybrid materials for fabrication assemblies. CNTs possesses a wide range of unique characteristics, including intriguing physical properties, higher aspect ratios, larger surface area, better chemical and thermal stability, and electronic and optical properties. The objective of this review is to present an overview of the synthetic strategies and their applications in both amperometric sensors and SPME fiber coatings. These methods are fast, sensitive, cheap and suitable for in-situ monitoring. We comprehensively review the mechanisms, the principles and the performances of chemical sensors and biosensors available in the literature.
Review: Recent Developments of Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Assemblies for Sensing
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.15
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-01-27
© Science Publishing Group
Junxin Luo
Yong Wu
Shen Lin
Review: Recent Developments of Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Assemblies for Sensing
3
1
28
28
2015-01-27
2015-01-27
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.15
© Science Publishing Group
SERS Spectra of Permethrin on Silver Nanofilm
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.16
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as an ultrasensitive analytical tool for chemical, biological, and medical analysis. SERS spectra of permethrin, a common synthetic pyrethroid, were investigated for the first time. The SERS substrates used in this work were a silver nanofilm (AgNF) deposited on glass chips. The characteristic SERS bands of permethrin were analyzed and assigned to the corresponding modes. The strongest SERS band appeared at 1003 cm-1 due to the breath vibration of benzene ring in the permethrin molecule. A detection limit of 10 ppm was obtained on the AgNF sub-strates. A good linear relationship between peak height of the 1003 cm-1 band and permethrin concentration was observed in the range of 10 – 1000 ppm. The results obtained in this work indicate that SERS technique has a great potential for rapid, simple, in situ, and cost-effective detection and monitoring of permethrin in environment and on foods.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as an ultrasensitive analytical tool for chemical, biological, and medical analysis. SERS spectra of permethrin, a common synthetic pyrethroid, were investigated for the first time. The SERS substrates used in this work were a silver nanofilm (AgNF) deposited on glass chips. The characteristic SERS bands of permethrin were analyzed and assigned to the corresponding modes. The strongest SERS band appeared at 1003 cm-1 due to the breath vibration of benzene ring in the permethrin molecule. A detection limit of 10 ppm was obtained on the AgNF sub-strates. A good linear relationship between peak height of the 1003 cm-1 band and permethrin concentration was observed in the range of 10 – 1000 ppm. The results obtained in this work indicate that SERS technique has a great potential for rapid, simple, in situ, and cost-effective detection and monitoring of permethrin in environment and on foods.
SERS Spectra of Permethrin on Silver Nanofilm
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.16
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Jumin Hao
Qingwu K. Wang
Wayne Weimer
Justin Abell
Monika Wilson
SERS Spectra of Permethrin on Silver Nanofilm
3
1
32
32
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030101.16
© Science Publishing Group
On a Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150302.11
The paper is a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside against the Möbius-like boundary with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of our theory, this is essentially what led to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would be pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China.
The paper is a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside against the Möbius-like boundary with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of our theory, this is essentially what led to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would be pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China.
On a Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150302.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-03-03
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed S. El Naschie
On a Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor
3
2
16
16
2015-03-03
2015-03-03
10.11648/j.nano.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Effect of Aggressive Biological Materials on a Painted Automotive Body Surface Roughness
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150302.12
There are different aggressive biological materials which may potentially deposit on a painted automotive body surface during its service life, causing possible local damage, loss of appearance and loss of protective aspects of the system. In this study, the effect of two types of aggressive biological materials on a painted automotive body surface, i.e., natural bird droppings and raw eggs were studied and subsequently explained in more detail. Furthermore, two different testing conditions approaches including in-door and out-door were utilized in order to investigate the surface roughness, Ra, and also to study the behavior of biologically degraded automotive body surface at nano-level scale. The effects of these biological materials on a painted automotive body surface and its appearance were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and a stylus-based inductive gauge (Taly-surf®, from Taylor Hobson, Inc.), having electromagnetic control of the contact force. Engaged vertically on the top of the specimens, the force could be set much lower than the weight. Results showed that natural bird droppings and raw eggs have a dramatic effect on the appearance and surface roughness of a painted automotive surface body. It was also found that the degradation which occurred due to the natural bird droppings was more severe than that of the samples exposed to raw eggs.
There are different aggressive biological materials which may potentially deposit on a painted automotive body surface during its service life, causing possible local damage, loss of appearance and loss of protective aspects of the system. In this study, the effect of two types of aggressive biological materials on a painted automotive body surface, i.e., natural bird droppings and raw eggs were studied and subsequently explained in more detail. Furthermore, two different testing conditions approaches including in-door and out-door were utilized in order to investigate the surface roughness, Ra, and also to study the behavior of biologically degraded automotive body surface at nano-level scale. The effects of these biological materials on a painted automotive body surface and its appearance were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and a stylus-based inductive gauge (Taly-surf®, from Taylor Hobson, Inc.), having electromagnetic control of the contact force. Engaged vertically on the top of the specimens, the force could be set much lower than the weight. Results showed that natural bird droppings and raw eggs have a dramatic effect on the appearance and surface roughness of a painted automotive surface body. It was also found that the degradation which occurred due to the natural bird droppings was more severe than that of the samples exposed to raw eggs.
The Effect of Aggressive Biological Materials on a Painted Automotive Body Surface Roughness
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150302.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-03-14
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Shukri Alsoufi
Tahani Mohammad Bawazeer
The Effect of Aggressive Biological Materials on a Painted Automotive Body Surface Roughness
3
2
26
26
2015-03-14
2015-03-14
10.11648/j.nano.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
Synthesis of Zn0.5CoxMg0.5-xFe2O4 Nano-Ferrites Using Co-Precipitation Method and Its Structural and Optical Properties
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150302.13
In this work, cobalt (Co) substituted magnesium Zinc nanocrystalline spinel ferrites having general formula Zn0.5CoxMg0.5-xFe2O4 (with x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation method. The Cobalt substituted magnesium was annealed at 450Cand characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of single phase spinel structure. The crystalline size was calculated using Scherer's formula and wasfound to be in 21.44 – 25.03 nm range. The lattice constant was found to decreases as substitution of Co is further increased. The decrease in lattice constant may attribute to the smallerionic radius of Co as compared to Zinc ion. The FTIR spectra for the samples measured in the range of 4000-400 cm-1exhibited symmetric stretching mode of vibration of tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The energy band gaps of the materials were calculated and were found to be in the range of 4.5 to 4.8eV.
In this work, cobalt (Co) substituted magnesium Zinc nanocrystalline spinel ferrites having general formula Zn0.5CoxMg0.5-xFe2O4 (with x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation method. The Cobalt substituted magnesium was annealed at 450Cand characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of single phase spinel structure. The crystalline size was calculated using Scherer's formula and wasfound to be in 21.44 – 25.03 nm range. The lattice constant was found to decreases as substitution of Co is further increased. The decrease in lattice constant may attribute to the smallerionic radius of Co as compared to Zinc ion. The FTIR spectra for the samples measured in the range of 4000-400 cm-1exhibited symmetric stretching mode of vibration of tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The energy band gaps of the materials were calculated and were found to be in the range of 4.5 to 4.8eV.
Synthesis of Zn0.5CoxMg0.5-xFe2O4 Nano-Ferrites Using Co-Precipitation Method and Its Structural and Optical Properties
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150302.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-03-21
© Science Publishing Group
Abdulmajid Abdallah Mirghni
Mohamed Ahmed Siddig
Mohamed Ibrahim Omer
Abdelrahman Ahmed Elbadawi
Abdalrawf Ismail Ahmed
Synthesis of Zn0.5CoxMg0.5-xFe2O4 Nano-Ferrites Using Co-Precipitation Method and Its Structural and Optical Properties
3
2
32
32
2015-03-21
2015-03-21
10.11648/j.nano.20150302.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150302.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Casimir Effect as a Pure Topological Phenomenon and the Possibility of a Casimir Nano Reactor – A Preliminary Conceptual Design
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.11
A preliminary conceptual design of a new free energy nano reactor is presented. The design is based on the following: A basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of the present theory, this is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would lead us to pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the ø^3 intrinsic Casimir topological energy where ø=(√(5-1))/2 produced from the zero set ø of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave ø^2 from it and find 〖ø-ø〗^2=ø^3 by restructuring space via conducting but uncharged plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments but with some modification. Our proposed preliminary design of the reactor follows in a natural way from the above.
A preliminary conceptual design of a new free energy nano reactor is presented. The design is based on the following: A basically topological interpretation of the Casimir effect is given as a natural intrinsic property of the geometrical topological structure of the quantum-Cantorian micro spacetime. This new interpretation compliments the earlier conventional interpretation as vacuum fluctuation or as a Schwinger source and links the Casimir energy to the so called missing dark energy density of the cosmos. We start with a general outline of the theoretical principle and basic design concepts of a proposed Casimir dark energy nano reactor. In a nutshell the theory and consequently the actual design depends crucially upon the equivalence between the dark energy density of the cosmos and the faint local Casimir effect produced by two sides boundary condition quantum waves. This Casimir effect is then colossally amplified as a one sided quantum wave pushing from the inside with nothing balancing it from the non-existent outside. In view of the present theory, this is essentially what leads to the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos. As in any reactor, the basic principle in the present design is to produce a gradient so that the excess energy on one side flows to the other side. Thus in principle we will restructure the local topology of space using material nanoscience technology to create an artificial local high dimensionality with a Dvoretzky theorem like volume measure concentration. Without going into the intricate nonlinear dynamics and technological detail, it is fair to say that this would lead us to pure, clean, free energy obtained directly from the topology of spacetime. Needless to say the entire design is based completely on the theory of quantum wave dark energy proposed by the present author for the first time in 2011 in a conference held in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt and a little later in Shanghai, Republic of China. The quintessence of the present theory is easily explained as the ø^3 intrinsic Casimir topological energy where ø=(√(5-1))/2 produced from the zero set ø of the quantum particle when we extract the empty set quantum wave ø^2 from it and find 〖ø-ø〗^2=ø^3 by restructuring space via conducting but uncharged plates similar to that of the classical Casimir experiments but with some modification. Our proposed preliminary design of the reactor follows in a natural way from the above.
The Casimir Effect as a Pure Topological Phenomenon and the Possibility of a Casimir Nano Reactor – A Preliminary Conceptual Design
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150303.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-03-28
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed S. El Naschie
The Casimir Effect as a Pure Topological Phenomenon and the Possibility of a Casimir Nano Reactor – A Preliminary Conceptual Design
3
3
40
40
2015-03-28
2015-03-28
10.11648/j.nano.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
How the Drilling Fluids Can be Made More Efficient by Using Nanomaterials
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.12
Drilling fluids serve many objectives in a drilling process, including the elimination of cuttings, lubricating and cooling the drill bits, supporting the stability of the hole and preventing the inflow-outflow of fluids between borehole and the formation. However, with increasing production from non-conventional reservoirs, the stability and effectiveness of traditional drilling fluids under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) environment have become big concerns. Both water and oil based drilling fluids are likely to experience a number of deteriorations such as gelation, degradation of weighting materials and breakdown of polymeric additives under HTHP conditions. Recently, nanotechnology has shown a lot of promise in the oil and gas sectors, including nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. This paper aims to explore and assess the influence of various nanoparticles on the performance of drilling fluids to make the drilling operation smooth, cost effective and efficient. In order to achieve this aim, the article will begin by explaining the important role that drilling fluid plays during the drilling process with a historical review of drilling fluid industry development. Then, definitions, uses and types of drilling fluid will be demonstrated as well as, the additives that are appended in order to enhance drilling fluid performance. Moreover, the maturation of the oil production industry from unconventional wells will be discussed after which the limitations and degradation of the traditional drilling fluid will be cleared up. Finally, this essay will discuss the great potential of nanotechnology in solving drilling problems in addition to the technical and the economic benefits of using nanomaterials in drilling fluids before offering a brief conclusion.
Drilling fluids serve many objectives in a drilling process, including the elimination of cuttings, lubricating and cooling the drill bits, supporting the stability of the hole and preventing the inflow-outflow of fluids between borehole and the formation. However, with increasing production from non-conventional reservoirs, the stability and effectiveness of traditional drilling fluids under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) environment have become big concerns. Both water and oil based drilling fluids are likely to experience a number of deteriorations such as gelation, degradation of weighting materials and breakdown of polymeric additives under HTHP conditions. Recently, nanotechnology has shown a lot of promise in the oil and gas sectors, including nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. This paper aims to explore and assess the influence of various nanoparticles on the performance of drilling fluids to make the drilling operation smooth, cost effective and efficient. In order to achieve this aim, the article will begin by explaining the important role that drilling fluid plays during the drilling process with a historical review of drilling fluid industry development. Then, definitions, uses and types of drilling fluid will be demonstrated as well as, the additives that are appended in order to enhance drilling fluid performance. Moreover, the maturation of the oil production industry from unconventional wells will be discussed after which the limitations and degradation of the traditional drilling fluid will be cleared up. Finally, this essay will discuss the great potential of nanotechnology in solving drilling problems in addition to the technical and the economic benefits of using nanomaterials in drilling fluids before offering a brief conclusion.
How the Drilling Fluids Can be Made More Efficient by Using Nanomaterials
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150303.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-04-15
© Science Publishing Group
Mortatha Saadoon Al-Yasiri
Waleed Tareq Al-Sallami
How the Drilling Fluids Can be Made More Efficient by Using Nanomaterials
3
3
45
45
2015-04-15
2015-04-15
10.11648/j.nano.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
Self Cleaning PET Fabrics Treated with Nano TiO2 Chemically Cross-Inked with Xanthenes Gum or Cyclodextrin
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.13
This paper would like to compare the ability of two cellulosic polymers to bind nano titania to polyester fabrics, in order to provide the fabric a self-cleaning property. The fixation of the nano titania on the polyester fabric was explored using Cyclodextrin or Xanthan gum. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on the polyester fabric was followed by the degradation of methylene blue as a model of an organic stain on the polyester fabric surface. The XRD patterns and SEM photographs of polyester fabric coated with nano titania were recorded. The different factors affecting the self-cleaning property as well as the fixation of nano titania was investigated.
This paper would like to compare the ability of two cellulosic polymers to bind nano titania to polyester fabrics, in order to provide the fabric a self-cleaning property. The fixation of the nano titania on the polyester fabric was explored using Cyclodextrin or Xanthan gum. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles deposited on the polyester fabric was followed by the degradation of methylene blue as a model of an organic stain on the polyester fabric surface. The XRD patterns and SEM photographs of polyester fabric coated with nano titania were recorded. The different factors affecting the self-cleaning property as well as the fixation of nano titania was investigated.
Self Cleaning PET Fabrics Treated with Nano TiO2 Chemically Cross-Inked with Xanthenes Gum or Cyclodextrin
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150303.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-04-20
© Science Publishing Group
Amr Atef Elsayed
Omaima Gaber Allam
Sahar Hassan Salah Mohamed
Hussain Murad
Self Cleaning PET Fabrics Treated with Nano TiO2 Chemically Cross-Inked with Xanthenes Gum or Cyclodextrin
3
3
52
52
2015-04-20
2015-04-20
10.11648/j.nano.20150303.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.13
© Science Publishing Group
A Review on Role of Nanofluids for Solar Energy Applications
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.14
The sun is a nature source of renewable energy. Solar energy consumption is very important in the backdrop of global warming and decrease of carbon dioxide secretion. Solar energy has been explored through solar thermal exploitation, photovoltaic power invention, and so on. Solar thermal consumption is the most accepted utilization surrounded by them. In conservative solar thermal collectors, plates or tubes coated with a layer of selectively absorbing material are used to take up solar energy, and then energy is carried away by working fluids in the form of warm. This type of collector exhibits several shortcomings, such as restrictions on incident flux density and relatively high heat losses. The shortage of fossil fuels and environmental considerations motivated the researchers to use alternative energy source such as solar energy. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effectiveness and recital of the solar thermal systems. In addition, some reported works on the applications of nanofluids in thermal energy storage, solar cells, and solar stills are reviewed. Dispersing outline amounts of nanoparticles into common base-fluids has a significant impact on the optical as well as thermo-physical properties of the base-fluid. Enhancement of the solar irradiance assimilation capacity leads to a higher heat convey rate resulting in more capable heat transmit. Nanofluids are suspension of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences provided by nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures in which mm or µm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed. Due to their excellent characteristics, nanofluids find wide applications in enhancing heat transfer. The aim of this appraisal manuscript is the study of the nanofluids in solar Energy applications. In order to overcome these drawbacks, direct solar absorption collector has been used for solar thermal exploitation.
The sun is a nature source of renewable energy. Solar energy consumption is very important in the backdrop of global warming and decrease of carbon dioxide secretion. Solar energy has been explored through solar thermal exploitation, photovoltaic power invention, and so on. Solar thermal consumption is the most accepted utilization surrounded by them. In conservative solar thermal collectors, plates or tubes coated with a layer of selectively absorbing material are used to take up solar energy, and then energy is carried away by working fluids in the form of warm. This type of collector exhibits several shortcomings, such as restrictions on incident flux density and relatively high heat losses. The shortage of fossil fuels and environmental considerations motivated the researchers to use alternative energy source such as solar energy. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effectiveness and recital of the solar thermal systems. In addition, some reported works on the applications of nanofluids in thermal energy storage, solar cells, and solar stills are reviewed. Dispersing outline amounts of nanoparticles into common base-fluids has a significant impact on the optical as well as thermo-physical properties of the base-fluid. Enhancement of the solar irradiance assimilation capacity leads to a higher heat convey rate resulting in more capable heat transmit. Nanofluids are suspension of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences provided by nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures in which mm or µm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed. Due to their excellent characteristics, nanofluids find wide applications in enhancing heat transfer. The aim of this appraisal manuscript is the study of the nanofluids in solar Energy applications. In order to overcome these drawbacks, direct solar absorption collector has been used for solar thermal exploitation.
A Review on Role of Nanofluids for Solar Energy Applications
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150303.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-05-05
© Science Publishing Group
Suresh Sagadevan
A Review on Role of Nanofluids for Solar Energy Applications
3
3
61
61
2015-05-05
2015-05-05
10.11648/j.nano.20150303.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.14
© Science Publishing Group
Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline TiO2/CuO Core-Shell Thin Films by Thermal Annealing
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.15
The optical properties of TiO2/CuO core-shell thin films were studied after the as-deposited nanocrystalline core-shell thin films were annealed at different temperatures [373K – 673K]. Orthorhombic nanocrystalline structure induced by thermal annealing for the films as confirmed by XRD analysis was observed. The optical properties were obtained from the absorption and transmittance data in the range of 200- 1200nm. The increase in transmittance with increased wavelengths in UV region was not sharp. This indicated that the studied films have both direct and indirect transitions. Annealing was found to have more particular effect on the transmittance within the UV window. The band gaps of the film samples ranged within 1.2eV and 3.7eV to 4.0eV.
The optical properties of TiO2/CuO core-shell thin films were studied after the as-deposited nanocrystalline core-shell thin films were annealed at different temperatures [373K – 673K]. Orthorhombic nanocrystalline structure induced by thermal annealing for the films as confirmed by XRD analysis was observed. The optical properties were obtained from the absorption and transmittance data in the range of 200- 1200nm. The increase in transmittance with increased wavelengths in UV region was not sharp. This indicated that the studied films have both direct and indirect transitions. Annealing was found to have more particular effect on the transmittance within the UV window. The band gaps of the film samples ranged within 1.2eV and 3.7eV to 4.0eV.
Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline TiO2/CuO Core-Shell Thin Films by Thermal Annealing
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150303.15
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-05-12
© Science Publishing Group
Onah D. U.
Ugwu E. I.
Ekpe J. E.
Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline TiO2/CuO Core-Shell Thin Films by Thermal Annealing
3
3
65
65
2015-05-12
2015-05-12
10.11648/j.nano.20150303.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.15
© Science Publishing Group
The Cantorian Monadic Plasma behind the Zero Point Vacuum Spacetime Energy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.16
Stimulated by the recent work on quarks-gluons plasma we present E-infinity theory in the form of Cantorian monadic plasma and proceed from there to a general explanation of the Casimir effect and dark energy as a zero point vacuum energy which could be utilized via advanced nanotechnology to build a clean energy reactor with near to unlimited capacity.
Stimulated by the recent work on quarks-gluons plasma we present E-infinity theory in the form of Cantorian monadic plasma and proceed from there to a general explanation of the Casimir effect and dark energy as a zero point vacuum energy which could be utilized via advanced nanotechnology to build a clean energy reactor with near to unlimited capacity.
The Cantorian Monadic Plasma behind the Zero Point Vacuum Spacetime Energy
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150303.16
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-05-27
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed S. El Naschie
The Cantorian Monadic Plasma behind the Zero Point Vacuum Spacetime Energy
3
3
70
70
2015-05-27
2015-05-27
10.11648/j.nano.20150303.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150303.16
© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11
The synthesized carbon-supported Pd-Fe alloy electrocatalysts were characterized for the purpose of the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The synthesized catalysts were characterized in terms of structural morphology and catalytic activity by XRD and electrochemical measurements. Surface cyclic voltammetry was used to confirm the formation of the Pd–Fe alloy. The catalysts were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 300 ◦C to 700 ◦C for different aging times, in order to improve activity and stability. The average particle size of 10.16 nm, and the highest ORR catalytic activity were obtained at the optimal heat-treatment temperature 300 ◦C for 3h.
The synthesized carbon-supported Pd-Fe alloy electrocatalysts were characterized for the purpose of the fuel cell cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The synthesized catalysts were characterized in terms of structural morphology and catalytic activity by XRD and electrochemical measurements. Surface cyclic voltammetry was used to confirm the formation of the Pd–Fe alloy. The catalysts were heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 300 ◦C to 700 ◦C for different aging times, in order to improve activity and stability. The average particle size of 10.16 nm, and the highest ORR catalytic activity were obtained at the optimal heat-treatment temperature 300 ◦C for 3h.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-06-12
© Science Publishing Group
Essam Fadl Abo Zeid
Yong Tae Kim
Effect of Heat Treatment on Nanoparticle Size and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity for Carbon-Supported Pd–Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts
3
4
77
77
2015-06-12
2015-06-12
10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
A New Approach to Image Segmentation Mammogram
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150304.12
Breast cancer continues to be one of the main causes of death among women. Various studies have confirmed that the early detection of sub-clinical cancers may improve the prognosis. X-ray mammography in this case is the best diagnostic technique. It’s based on the interaction of a cone beam X-ray with the mole tissue. The projection image obtained can be analyzed qualitatively by the radiologists. But, an automatic treatment and quantitative analysis of this kind of images is suitable. For this reason several studies are conducted to develop tools to help with diagnosis of this disease (CAD: Computer-Assisted Diagnosis). We propose in this paper a new method to segment mammographic images based partly on a pyramidal architecture. The original image is fragmented (quadtree) initially to homogeneous regions. Each region is then associated with a peak of graph. It gathers data within homogeneous groups named regions classes’ c, then we use HCA (Hierarchical classification ascendant) and k-means to find the optimal partition for the largest possible value of c at the initial stage. This technique gives good results, and allows calculating morphological parameters of the breast cancer.
Breast cancer continues to be one of the main causes of death among women. Various studies have confirmed that the early detection of sub-clinical cancers may improve the prognosis. X-ray mammography in this case is the best diagnostic technique. It’s based on the interaction of a cone beam X-ray with the mole tissue. The projection image obtained can be analyzed qualitatively by the radiologists. But, an automatic treatment and quantitative analysis of this kind of images is suitable. For this reason several studies are conducted to develop tools to help with diagnosis of this disease (CAD: Computer-Assisted Diagnosis). We propose in this paper a new method to segment mammographic images based partly on a pyramidal architecture. The original image is fragmented (quadtree) initially to homogeneous regions. Each region is then associated with a peak of graph. It gathers data within homogeneous groups named regions classes’ c, then we use HCA (Hierarchical classification ascendant) and k-means to find the optimal partition for the largest possible value of c at the initial stage. This technique gives good results, and allows calculating morphological parameters of the breast cancer.
A New Approach to Image Segmentation Mammogram
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150304.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-07-17
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammed Rmili
Abdellatif Siwane
Fatiha Adnani
Fatiha Essodegui
Abdelmajid El Moutaouakkil
A New Approach to Image Segmentation Mammogram
3
4
81
81
2015-07-17
2015-07-17
10.11648/j.nano.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Study of Thermal Behaviour of a Fabric Coated with Nanocomposites
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.11
In this paper, the thermal insulation of coated fabric by nanocomposites has been studied. In fact, a resin/clay mixture was deposited on a 100 % cotton fabric and tested using a PASOD device for measuring the adiathermic power. The enhancement of fabric thermal insulation was noticed by calculating the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside of fabric. The innovation of this work is that the used clay is a Tunisian natural one which is simply a mixture of several sorts of clays (kaolinite, dolomite, calcite, illite, and quartz) and which has the advantage to be so cheap. Moreover, high clay percentages of 4,17 % to 37,8 % were applied to perform nanocomposites with, which never have been tried before. This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried, and steered with different resins which are actually used in the textile field for several applications such as comfort, elasticity or impermeability. It has been concluded that the increasing quantity of clay enhance significantly the thermal insulation of a 400 g/m2 sergey fabric 100% cotton. The mathematical equation has proved to be effective in predicting the fabric thermal resistance, simply by knowing the adiathermic power value. In fact, the measure of the thermal resistance demands a long time to be evaluated, but the adiathermic power can be evaluated by a concise operation which lasts only 15 min. This good agreement between these values has been demonstrated by mathematical formulas linking the clay percentage, coating, nanocomposite deposited quantities, and the used resin. The result of theses computations indicates that clay application in nanocomposites proved its importance because the thermal insulation properties of the fabric are really enhanced according to the clay percentage in the coating. The average of this enhancement is about 20 to 30 % and this is upon the used resin, the deposited quantity, and the clay percentage present in the nanocomposite.
In this paper, the thermal insulation of coated fabric by nanocomposites has been studied. In fact, a resin/clay mixture was deposited on a 100 % cotton fabric and tested using a PASOD device for measuring the adiathermic power. The enhancement of fabric thermal insulation was noticed by calculating the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside of fabric. The innovation of this work is that the used clay is a Tunisian natural one which is simply a mixture of several sorts of clays (kaolinite, dolomite, calcite, illite, and quartz) and which has the advantage to be so cheap. Moreover, high clay percentages of 4,17 % to 37,8 % were applied to perform nanocomposites with, which never have been tried before. This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried, and steered with different resins which are actually used in the textile field for several applications such as comfort, elasticity or impermeability. It has been concluded that the increasing quantity of clay enhance significantly the thermal insulation of a 400 g/m2 sergey fabric 100% cotton. The mathematical equation has proved to be effective in predicting the fabric thermal resistance, simply by knowing the adiathermic power value. In fact, the measure of the thermal resistance demands a long time to be evaluated, but the adiathermic power can be evaluated by a concise operation which lasts only 15 min. This good agreement between these values has been demonstrated by mathematical formulas linking the clay percentage, coating, nanocomposite deposited quantities, and the used resin. The result of theses computations indicates that clay application in nanocomposites proved its importance because the thermal insulation properties of the fabric are really enhanced according to the clay percentage in the coating. The average of this enhancement is about 20 to 30 % and this is upon the used resin, the deposited quantity, and the clay percentage present in the nanocomposite.
Study of Thermal Behaviour of a Fabric Coated with Nanocomposites
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2014-11-22
© Science Publishing Group
K. Abid
S. Dhouib
F. Sakli
Study of Thermal Behaviour of a Fabric Coated with Nanocomposites
3
4
6
6
2014-11-22
2014-11-22
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.11
© Science Publishing Group
Enhancement of Rigidity and Thermal Performances of Fabrics Through the Addition of Nanoadditifs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.12
In this study, the nanocomposites have been synthesized with the natural Tunisian clay which has the advantage of being cheap. In fact, it is composed of many kinds of clay (Kaolinite, Dolomite, calcite, Illite and Quartz). This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried and mixed with different resins currently used in many textile applications such as comfort, elasticity, impermeability … etc. The samples have been examined under MEB in order to identify them and ensure the formation of nanocomposites. The mixture resin/clay has been deposit on a 100% cotton fabric (400 g/m2) and tested on adiathermic power (AP%) measuring equipment. The parameter of thermal isolation of coated fabrics has been calculated through the difference in temperature between the interior and the exterior of the fabric in focus. It has been noticed that the increase in clay quantity improves significantly the thermal characteristics of the coated fabrics. The rigidity of the fabrics has also increased in terms of clay quantity, this proves that this new kind of fabric must be used in specific domains that compile their isolating characteristics and their increasing rigidity with the rate of clay inserted.
In this study, the nanocomposites have been synthesized with the natural Tunisian clay which has the advantage of being cheap. In fact, it is composed of many kinds of clay (Kaolinite, Dolomite, calcite, Illite and Quartz). This clay has been cleaned, purified, dried and mixed with different resins currently used in many textile applications such as comfort, elasticity, impermeability … etc. The samples have been examined under MEB in order to identify them and ensure the formation of nanocomposites. The mixture resin/clay has been deposit on a 100% cotton fabric (400 g/m2) and tested on adiathermic power (AP%) measuring equipment. The parameter of thermal isolation of coated fabrics has been calculated through the difference in temperature between the interior and the exterior of the fabric in focus. It has been noticed that the increase in clay quantity improves significantly the thermal characteristics of the coated fabrics. The rigidity of the fabrics has also increased in terms of clay quantity, this proves that this new kind of fabric must be used in specific domains that compile their isolating characteristics and their increasing rigidity with the rate of clay inserted.
Enhancement of Rigidity and Thermal Performances of Fabrics Through the Addition of Nanoadditifs
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.12
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-02-14
© Science Publishing Group
K. Abid
A. Elamri
S. Dhouib
F. Sakli
Enhancement of Rigidity and Thermal Performances of Fabrics Through the Addition of Nanoadditifs
3
4
10
10
2015-02-14
2015-02-14
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.12
© Science Publishing Group
Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Nanoclay Coated Fabric
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.14
In this paper we report the morphological and mechanical characteristics of textile fabric coated with nanoclay composites. There has been an increasing consideration in nanotechnology during the present decade due to its enormous potential in applying and creating novel materials for enhanced properties and applications. Many studies were carried out in improving the textiles and clothing properties and performances by applying nanocomposites. In this work, nanocomposites were prepared from mixtures of resin/clay with various percentages of clay. The obtained coatings were then deposited on a cotton fabric. Morphology and properties of nanocomposites’ coated fabric were measured by DRX, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tests. The results showed that when observing the multilayers on SEM images, it can be deduced that nanocomposites using classical clay could be synthesized if they are added to PU and PAC resins. Also, the mechanical performances of fabric is globally increased versus the amount of clay for the two used resins. The maximum clay percentage to enhance the mechanical performance of a fabric is between 4 percent and 5 percent. As a matter of fact, the use of important amounts superior to 5 percent does not bring any better results.
In this paper we report the morphological and mechanical characteristics of textile fabric coated with nanoclay composites. There has been an increasing consideration in nanotechnology during the present decade due to its enormous potential in applying and creating novel materials for enhanced properties and applications. Many studies were carried out in improving the textiles and clothing properties and performances by applying nanocomposites. In this work, nanocomposites were prepared from mixtures of resin/clay with various percentages of clay. The obtained coatings were then deposited on a cotton fabric. Morphology and properties of nanocomposites’ coated fabric were measured by DRX, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tests. The results showed that when observing the multilayers on SEM images, it can be deduced that nanocomposites using classical clay could be synthesized if they are added to PU and PAC resins. Also, the mechanical performances of fabric is globally increased versus the amount of clay for the two used resins. The maximum clay percentage to enhance the mechanical performance of a fabric is between 4 percent and 5 percent. As a matter of fact, the use of important amounts superior to 5 percent does not bring any better results.
Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Nanoclay Coated Fabric
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.14
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-03-05
© Science Publishing Group
A. Elamri
K. Abid
S. Dhouib
F. Sakli
Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Nanoclay Coated Fabric
3
4
24
24
2015-03-05
2015-03-05
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.14
© Science Publishing Group
Characterization of Recycled/ Virgin PET Polymers and their Composites
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.13
In this investigation two Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) polymers obtained from mineral water bottle and a virgin PET polymer were characterised by viscosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology. Virgin PET showed better rheological and viscosimetric properties compared to recycled PET polymers. In order to improve properties when reprocessed at high temperatures, recycled polymers were blended with the virgin one. Rheological and thermal properties of extruded recycled/virgin (PET-V/R) composites showed a good rheological and thermal compatibility and stability compared to extruded pure recycled polymers.
In this investigation two Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) polymers obtained from mineral water bottle and a virgin PET polymer were characterised by viscosimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology. Virgin PET showed better rheological and viscosimetric properties compared to recycled PET polymers. In order to improve properties when reprocessed at high temperatures, recycled polymers were blended with the virgin one. Rheological and thermal properties of extruded recycled/virgin (PET-V/R) composites showed a good rheological and thermal compatibility and stability compared to extruded pure recycled polymers.
Characterization of Recycled/ Virgin PET Polymers and their Composites
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.13
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-03-05
© Science Publishing Group
A. Elamri
K. Abid
O. Harzallah
A. Lallam
Characterization of Recycled/ Virgin PET Polymers and their Composites
3
4
16
16
2015-03-05
2015-03-05
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.13
© Science Publishing Group
Polypropylene Biomaterial Grafted with Cyclodextrins and BTCA Acid as Crosslinking Agent
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.15
This study describes the use of cyclodextrin (CDs) as a finishing agent of polypropylene biomaterial (PP) by means of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as crosslinking agent. Grafting happened by the formation of a crosslinked polymer formed between BTCA and CDs. This polymer physically adhered to the fibers network and was resistant to hot water washings. We study the influence of parameters involved in this specific textile processing. These parameters include the curing conditions (temperature, time) and also the nature of the reactants which are 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), citric acid (CTR) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), applied as crosslinking agents. Modified PP fibers were then characterized by evaluating the contact angle with a polar liquid and by studying the hysteresis of damping of PP fibers (Cahn balance) with various grafting rates. Infrared spectroscopy (ATR) and morphological (SEM) studies displayed the presence of the crosslinked CD polymer that coated the fibers, and permitted to evaluate the chemical heterogeneity of the grafted surfaces. A mechanical characterization of the PP fabrics grafted with various proportions of CDs was accomplished, by traction via a tensile-test. Finally a topographic study of PP grafted surfaces was approached by atomic force microscopy (AFM) which permitted to evaluate the roughness and the chemical heterogeneity of the grafted surfaces.
This study describes the use of cyclodextrin (CDs) as a finishing agent of polypropylene biomaterial (PP) by means of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as crosslinking agent. Grafting happened by the formation of a crosslinked polymer formed between BTCA and CDs. This polymer physically adhered to the fibers network and was resistant to hot water washings. We study the influence of parameters involved in this specific textile processing. These parameters include the curing conditions (temperature, time) and also the nature of the reactants which are 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), citric acid (CTR) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), applied as crosslinking agents. Modified PP fibers were then characterized by evaluating the contact angle with a polar liquid and by studying the hysteresis of damping of PP fibers (Cahn balance) with various grafting rates. Infrared spectroscopy (ATR) and morphological (SEM) studies displayed the presence of the crosslinked CD polymer that coated the fibers, and permitted to evaluate the chemical heterogeneity of the grafted surfaces. A mechanical characterization of the PP fabrics grafted with various proportions of CDs was accomplished, by traction via a tensile-test. Finally a topographic study of PP grafted surfaces was approached by atomic force microscopy (AFM) which permitted to evaluate the roughness and the chemical heterogeneity of the grafted surfaces.
Polypropylene Biomaterial Grafted with Cyclodextrins and BTCA Acid as Crosslinking Agent
doi:10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.15
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-04-08
© Science Publishing Group
Chiraz Ammar
Yassine El Ghoul
Ahmida El Achari
Polypropylene Biomaterial Grafted with Cyclodextrins and BTCA Acid as Crosslinking Agent
3
4
30
30
2015-04-08
2015-04-08
10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.s.2015030401.15
© Science Publishing Group
Fabrication of Sintered Si Nano-polycrystalline with Reduced Si Nanoparticles and Properties of Photoluminescence in Visible Regime for Sintered Si Nano-polycrystalline by Violet Light Excitation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150305.11
Si oxide powder is reduced by highly repetitive pulse laser ablation in liquid, and Si nanoparticles are produced efficiently with a low cost in a short time. A Si nanopaste with highly doped Si nanoparticles was sintered by using a hot plate. We succeeded in fabricating a sintered Si nano-polycrystalline for the first time. The structure and components of the fabricated sintered Si nano-polycrystalline were investigated by SEM and EDX analysis. Furthermore, the reduced Si nanoparticles and the sintered Si nano-polycrystalline were excited by violet light and stable photoluminescence (PL), which were observed in the visible regime. The peak wavelengths of the PL were 550 nm and 560 nm. Particularly, the intensity of the observed PL of the sintered Si nano-polycrystalline was five times higher than that of the reduced Si nanoparticles powder. This result is attributed to the PL being amplified inside the sintered Si nano polycrystalline. These experiments show that because the mean diameters of the Si nanocrystals in the reduced Si nanoparticles were below 2 nm, the structure of the Si nanocrystals changed to a direct-transition type; the bandgap energy of the Si nanocrystals changed from 1.1 eV to 2.25 eV, and PL in the visible regime was generated. Moreover, the possibility of Si photonics is discussed. The sintered Si nano-polycrystalline will be applicable to light waveguides, optical switches using a free carrier effect, and light amplifiers
Si oxide powder is reduced by highly repetitive pulse laser ablation in liquid, and Si nanoparticles are produced efficiently with a low cost in a short time. A Si nanopaste with highly doped Si nanoparticles was sintered by using a hot plate. We succeeded in fabricating a sintered Si nano-polycrystalline for the first time. The structure and components of the fabricated sintered Si nano-polycrystalline were investigated by SEM and EDX analysis. Furthermore, the reduced Si nanoparticles and the sintered Si nano-polycrystalline were excited by violet light and stable photoluminescence (PL), which were observed in the visible regime. The peak wavelengths of the PL were 550 nm and 560 nm. Particularly, the intensity of the observed PL of the sintered Si nano-polycrystalline was five times higher than that of the reduced Si nanoparticles powder. This result is attributed to the PL being amplified inside the sintered Si nano polycrystalline. These experiments show that because the mean diameters of the Si nanocrystals in the reduced Si nanoparticles were below 2 nm, the structure of the Si nanocrystals changed to a direct-transition type; the bandgap energy of the Si nanocrystals changed from 1.1 eV to 2.25 eV, and PL in the visible regime was generated. Moreover, the possibility of Si photonics is discussed. The sintered Si nano-polycrystalline will be applicable to light waveguides, optical switches using a free carrier effect, and light amplifiers
Fabrication of Sintered Si Nano-polycrystalline with Reduced Si Nanoparticles and Properties of Photoluminescence in Visible Regime for Sintered Si Nano-polycrystalline by Violet Light Excitation
doi:10.11648/j.nano.20150305.11
American Journal of Nano Research and Applications
2015-08-25
© Science Publishing Group
Taku Saiki
Yukio Iida
Fabrication of Sintered Si Nano-polycrystalline with Reduced Si Nanoparticles and Properties of Photoluminescence in Visible Regime for Sintered Si Nano-polycrystalline by Violet Light Excitation
3
5
88
88
2015-08-25
2015-08-25
10.11648/j.nano.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=226&doi=10.11648/j.nano.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group