Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization: Table of Contents
<i>International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization (IJEBO) </i> is an international peer-reviewed journal from eContent. It provides global perspectives on economic behavior and organization of benefit to scholars, educators, students, practitioners, policy-makers and consultants worldwide. <i> IJEBO </i> publishes articles from across the organization discipline. Original articles which inform organization research and practice from outside the discipline - such as from psychology, education, political science, sociology, statistics and research design - will also be considered.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijebo Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization: Table of Contents
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International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
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Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement
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Public works procurement regulates two award procedures from within the same criteria: either the price or a variety of different conditions. Although the question of price may not seem the most important factor to be considered, it is imperative to always be aware of it when bearing in mind the award criteria. Economic scoring formulae (ESF) are numerous and each agency has the authority to determine which will be used for each of their bids, making this article a comparative analysis of all the options. The results show that most formulas give the highest score to the most economic bidder, it is necessary to eliminate the use of formulas that give the highest score to the offers which are closest to the average of all bids submitted. One should always opt for formulas with moderate or strong scoring gradients across various stages or phases, thereby giving more weight to economic analysis, as set out in the various administrative clauses.
Public works procurement regulates two award procedures from within the same criteria: either the price or a variety of different conditions. Although the question of price may not seem the most important factor to be considered, it is imperative to always be aware of it when bearing in mind the award criteria. Economic scoring formulae (ESF) are numerous and each agency has the authority to determine which will be used for each of their bids, making this article a comparative analysis of all the options. The results show that most formulas give the highest score to the most economic bidder, it is necessary to eliminate the use of formulas that give the highest score to the offers which are closest to the average of all bids submitted. One should always opt for formulas with moderate or strong scoring gradients across various stages or phases, thereby giving more weight to economic analysis, as set out in the various administrative clauses.
Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
J. L. Fuentes-Bargues
C. González-Gaya
Analysis of the Scoring Formula of Economic Criteria in Public Works Procurement
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© Science Publishing Group
Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief
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The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.
The following policy brief discusses the natural experiment of ‘GreenXchange’ in the context of open innovation. Open innovation is a phrase popularized by Berkeley professor Henry Chesbrough who argues that firms should externalize R&D and other innovative activity for the sake of technological advancement. And GreenXchange was a Web-based program allowing for firms to share their intellectual property for the sake of sustainable innovation under the open innovation paradigm. Our research indicates that the mild success of GreenXchange demonstrates a gap between academic ideas and their utilization in practice.
Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Roya Ghafele
Robert D. O’Brien
Open Innovation for Sustainability Lessons from the GreenXchange Experience, An ICTSD Policy Brief
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20130101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Mergers and Acquisitions Stochastic Cooperative Games
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Study of the formation and subsequent behavior of the companies’ coalitions are becoming increasingly important in today's economy. In the elementary case, the process of collaboration may be represented as a classical cooperative game with transferable utility. However, the assumption of the possibility of describing the potential winnings of coalitions using deterministic values seems very controversial. Hypothesis of their random nature is much more realistic. The paper presents the conversion from classical cooperative game theory with side-payments to stochastic analog. Game theory modeling of mergers and acquisitions processes is based on this class of games here.
Study of the formation and subsequent behavior of the companies’ coalitions are becoming increasingly important in today's economy. In the elementary case, the process of collaboration may be represented as a classical cooperative game with transferable utility. However, the assumption of the possibility of describing the potential winnings of coalitions using deterministic values seems very controversial. Hypothesis of their random nature is much more realistic. The paper presents the conversion from classical cooperative game theory with side-payments to stochastic analog. Game theory modeling of mergers and acquisitions processes is based on this class of games here.
Mergers and Acquisitions Stochastic Cooperative Games
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130102.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Pavel V. Konyukhovskiy
Maria A. Nastych
Mergers and Acquisitions Stochastic Cooperative Games
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© Science Publishing Group
An Analysis on the Industrial Technology Leakage Cases in South Korea
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In this study, economy and technology development in South Korea is discussed and a problem that has accompanied the advancement is examined. Industrial technology leakage, which has been increasing in the South Korean society among the nation’s major industry sectors has resulted in immeasurable financial consequences; it can also threaten the country’s status as the world’s leading manufacturer in shipbuilding, semiconductor, and electronics. A total of twelve technology espionage cases, three from each industry, that have received substantial attention by the media and been introduced in the “Technology Leakage Cases and Security Tips” published by the Korean Association for Industrial Technology Security are analyzed in order to find common patterns, actors involved, and characteristics of the leakage activities. The results show that in most cases assessed, a former employee is motivated by the monetary rewards and utilized the external devices to transmit the information. Furthermore, viable policy implications are suggested to provide a possible solution to the problem.
In this study, economy and technology development in South Korea is discussed and a problem that has accompanied the advancement is examined. Industrial technology leakage, which has been increasing in the South Korean society among the nation’s major industry sectors has resulted in immeasurable financial consequences; it can also threaten the country’s status as the world’s leading manufacturer in shipbuilding, semiconductor, and electronics. A total of twelve technology espionage cases, three from each industry, that have received substantial attention by the media and been introduced in the “Technology Leakage Cases and Security Tips” published by the Korean Association for Industrial Technology Security are analyzed in order to find common patterns, actors involved, and characteristics of the leakage activities. The results show that in most cases assessed, a former employee is motivated by the monetary rewards and utilized the external devices to transmit the information. Furthermore, viable policy implications are suggested to provide a possible solution to the problem.
An Analysis on the Industrial Technology Leakage Cases in South Korea
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130103.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Yongtae Chun
Ju-Lak Lee
An Analysis on the Industrial Technology Leakage Cases in South Korea
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© Science Publishing Group
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties for Male Headed and Female Headed Households in West Harerghe Zone, Ethiopia
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This paper examined gender disparities in adoption of improved maize varieties between male headed and female headed households in Kuni district of West Harerghe zone, Ethipia. The study was based on cross-sectional data collected from a total of 148 respondents (115 were female headed and 33 were male-headed), using pre-tested structured interview schedule. The binary logit model results revealed that the adoption of improved maize variety is biased by gender, where FHH adopt the improved varieties less. Number of livestock units, extension services and cultivated land size had a significant and positive influence on the adoption decision of improved maize varieties, whereas age and distance to input market had a significant and negative influence on the adoption decision for MHH. Cultivated land size and distance to input market did not significantly affect the adoption of improved maize varieties for FHH, mainly due to less access of female heads to resources and services. Therefore, policy should address gender disparities in access to resources and extension services that exist because of socio-cultural and institutional factors limiting the adoption of technologies for FHH. In general, gender sensitive participatory technology development; improved literacy rate, efficient inputs delivery systems, and access to technical advice and market are essential to accelerate agricultural development through technology adoption.
This paper examined gender disparities in adoption of improved maize varieties between male headed and female headed households in Kuni district of West Harerghe zone, Ethipia. The study was based on cross-sectional data collected from a total of 148 respondents (115 were female headed and 33 were male-headed), using pre-tested structured interview schedule. The binary logit model results revealed that the adoption of improved maize variety is biased by gender, where FHH adopt the improved varieties less. Number of livestock units, extension services and cultivated land size had a significant and positive influence on the adoption decision of improved maize varieties, whereas age and distance to input market had a significant and negative influence on the adoption decision for MHH. Cultivated land size and distance to input market did not significantly affect the adoption of improved maize varieties for FHH, mainly due to less access of female heads to resources and services. Therefore, policy should address gender disparities in access to resources and extension services that exist because of socio-cultural and institutional factors limiting the adoption of technologies for FHH. In general, gender sensitive participatory technology development; improved literacy rate, efficient inputs delivery systems, and access to technical advice and market are essential to accelerate agricultural development through technology adoption.
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties for Male Headed and Female Headed Households in West Harerghe Zone, Ethiopia
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130104.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Yenealem Kassa
Ranjan S. Kakrippai
Belaineh Legesse
Determinants of Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties for Male Headed and Female Headed Households in West Harerghe Zone, Ethiopia
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© Science Publishing Group
Social Learning through Social Networks and Technological Appropriation: The Role of Peer Effects in the Adoption and Use of the Internet in Cameroonian Tontines
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20130105.11
This article attempts to verify whether tontines constitute a social learning platform for the appropriation of technology that underlies patterns of adoption and use of the Internet in sub-Saharan Africa. It uses for this purpose a survey of 2650 households in the cities of Douala, Buea and Limbe and employs initially two zero-inflated count data models to highlight the Intensity of the practice of tontines and after, simple probit models to detect the presence of favorable peer effects in the association tontines on the likelihood of adoption and use of the Internet in Cameroonian households. The results show that, while in ROSCA-type tontines social learning is uncertain because of neutral peer effects, in association tontines within socio-professional groups peer effects are positive and reinforce the process of adoption. These results confirm the studies on dissocializing Internet carried in United States and Europe at the beginning of the dynamics of its diffusion. However and more important, the results presented here show that peer effects play positively on social learning and technology appropriation that underlie the adoption and use of the Internet not in tontine of ROSCA-type, but in the tontine envisaged in professional groups according to their propensity to use modern values for jobs.
This article attempts to verify whether tontines constitute a social learning platform for the appropriation of technology that underlies patterns of adoption and use of the Internet in sub-Saharan Africa. It uses for this purpose a survey of 2650 households in the cities of Douala, Buea and Limbe and employs initially two zero-inflated count data models to highlight the Intensity of the practice of tontines and after, simple probit models to detect the presence of favorable peer effects in the association tontines on the likelihood of adoption and use of the Internet in Cameroonian households. The results show that, while in ROSCA-type tontines social learning is uncertain because of neutral peer effects, in association tontines within socio-professional groups peer effects are positive and reinforce the process of adoption. These results confirm the studies on dissocializing Internet carried in United States and Europe at the beginning of the dynamics of its diffusion. However and more important, the results presented here show that peer effects play positively on social learning and technology appropriation that underlie the adoption and use of the Internet not in tontine of ROSCA-type, but in the tontine envisaged in professional groups according to their propensity to use modern values for jobs.
Social Learning through Social Networks and Technological Appropriation: The Role of Peer Effects in the Adoption and Use of the Internet in Cameroonian Tontines
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130105.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Georges D. MBONDO
Social Learning through Social Networks and Technological Appropriation: The Role of Peer Effects in the Adoption and Use of the Internet in Cameroonian Tontines
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© Science Publishing Group
Comprehending Organizational Functioning from a Systems Approach
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Specialists in many fields need to describe how organizations under investigation operate and function. These specialists often try to categorize organizations by structural features that are important for understanding how the organizations function. This paper reports the results of a workshop that asked subject matter experts to generate a framework for describing the critical features underlying organizational functioning. The experts generated a set of 13 systems that reflected the key aspects of organizational functioning for the broad range of organizations. The experts and members of the client organization all agreed that the 13 systems provided an extremely valuable representation of organizational structure and functioning. The systems generated are useful for different types of specialists who examine organizations. Importantly, this analysis indicates that the systems are similar to those of the open-systems theory of organizations.
Specialists in many fields need to describe how organizations under investigation operate and function. These specialists often try to categorize organizations by structural features that are important for understanding how the organizations function. This paper reports the results of a workshop that asked subject matter experts to generate a framework for describing the critical features underlying organizational functioning. The experts generated a set of 13 systems that reflected the key aspects of organizational functioning for the broad range of organizations. The experts and members of the client organization all agreed that the 13 systems provided an extremely valuable representation of organizational structure and functioning. The systems generated are useful for different types of specialists who examine organizations. Importantly, this analysis indicates that the systems are similar to those of the open-systems theory of organizations.
Comprehending Organizational Functioning from a Systems Approach
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130105.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Verlin B. Hinsz
Janet L. Sutton
Comprehending Organizational Functioning from a Systems Approach
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© Science Publishing Group
Banking Sector Credit Development and Investment Productivity in Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20130106.12
In Nigeria, commercial bank credit represent almost 90 percent of the financial system assets and about two-thirds of the total credit is allocated to the private sector. Financing of investments through the credit market system portends that investments are associated with a level of productivity. Thus a developed credit market that efficiently utilizes its resources will contribute optimally to economic development. One will expect that increased earnings will lead to increased availability of credits and therefore a better developed credit market but our experience is to the contrary. In contrast, it is difficult to explain the low rate of development registered in most African countries including Nigeria in comparison to the quantum of export earnings they receive. In particular, Nigeria earned enormous revenue from crude petroleum export during oil boom years yet development in Nigeria crawls. This study therefore examined the relationship between credit market development as measured by bank sector credit ratio to GDP and investment productivity, measured as ratio of GDP to Gross Domestic Investment, GDI in Nigeria using data from 1970-2010 and standard econometric method of error correction mechanism. We observed that the improvement in the banking sector reforms ranging from structural adjustment programme (SAP) to the present consolidation era has not been translated to credit market development. This is attributed to inefficient utilization of credit market funds which results in low level of per capita income, low level of investment and ultimately poorly developed banking credit market in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, the following policy implications can be drawn: increase in deposit rate will encourage savings, promote credit market development and increase investment. Similarly; a reduction in lending rate will encourage borrowing for capital project financing that will lead to increased investment productivity, increased output, better use of the bank credit market and hence a better developed credit market. Through this, development in the credit market can contribute significantly to economic development via investment productivity. There is the need to increase per capita income through encouraged participation in credit market investment. Thus returns on investment in the credit market should be improved. At present people prefer to spend their money on consumption goods because of the discouraging low deposit rate in the banks. Improved deposit rate will definitely improve investment productivity and economic development through the multiplier process. Foreign direct investment was found to encourage investment productivity; policy should be geared towards attracting more FDI in Nigeria.
In Nigeria, commercial bank credit represent almost 90 percent of the financial system assets and about two-thirds of the total credit is allocated to the private sector. Financing of investments through the credit market system portends that investments are associated with a level of productivity. Thus a developed credit market that efficiently utilizes its resources will contribute optimally to economic development. One will expect that increased earnings will lead to increased availability of credits and therefore a better developed credit market but our experience is to the contrary. In contrast, it is difficult to explain the low rate of development registered in most African countries including Nigeria in comparison to the quantum of export earnings they receive. In particular, Nigeria earned enormous revenue from crude petroleum export during oil boom years yet development in Nigeria crawls. This study therefore examined the relationship between credit market development as measured by bank sector credit ratio to GDP and investment productivity, measured as ratio of GDP to Gross Domestic Investment, GDI in Nigeria using data from 1970-2010 and standard econometric method of error correction mechanism. We observed that the improvement in the banking sector reforms ranging from structural adjustment programme (SAP) to the present consolidation era has not been translated to credit market development. This is attributed to inefficient utilization of credit market funds which results in low level of per capita income, low level of investment and ultimately poorly developed banking credit market in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, the following policy implications can be drawn: increase in deposit rate will encourage savings, promote credit market development and increase investment. Similarly; a reduction in lending rate will encourage borrowing for capital project financing that will lead to increased investment productivity, increased output, better use of the bank credit market and hence a better developed credit market. Through this, development in the credit market can contribute significantly to economic development via investment productivity. There is the need to increase per capita income through encouraged participation in credit market investment. Thus returns on investment in the credit market should be improved. At present people prefer to spend their money on consumption goods because of the discouraging low deposit rate in the banks. Improved deposit rate will definitely improve investment productivity and economic development through the multiplier process. Foreign direct investment was found to encourage investment productivity; policy should be geared towards attracting more FDI in Nigeria.
Banking Sector Credit Development and Investment Productivity in Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130106.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Ogbuagu, Uchechi Rex
Chijioke, Mercy Ihuoma
Udah, EnangBassey
Banking Sector Credit Development and Investment Productivity in Nigeria
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© Science Publishing Group
Accounting Disclosure, Value Relevance and Firm Life Cycle: Evidence from Iran
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In this study the effect of accounting disclosure on value relevance in different stages of firm life cycle has been investigated. In order to do so, 101 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (Iran) between years 2005 to 2011 were chosen as sample. The sample firms were classified into four stages in the life cycle as Introduction, growth, maturity and Shake-Out (decline), by taking benefit from the cash flows pattern as a proxy for firm life cycle. Then in each of these stages of life cycle, the firms were classified into as high or low disclosure quality. The results of regression in ordinary least squares and Wald Test methods (to examine the significance of difference in the adjusted R squares) indicate that the relation between earnings and changes in earnings with stocks return (value relevance model) among the high and low quality disclosing companies at each stages of the life cycle are not significantly different from each other.
In this study the effect of accounting disclosure on value relevance in different stages of firm life cycle has been investigated. In order to do so, 101 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (Iran) between years 2005 to 2011 were chosen as sample. The sample firms were classified into four stages in the life cycle as Introduction, growth, maturity and Shake-Out (decline), by taking benefit from the cash flows pattern as a proxy for firm life cycle. Then in each of these stages of life cycle, the firms were classified into as high or low disclosure quality. The results of regression in ordinary least squares and Wald Test methods (to examine the significance of difference in the adjusted R squares) indicate that the relation between earnings and changes in earnings with stocks return (value relevance model) among the high and low quality disclosing companies at each stages of the life cycle are not significantly different from each other.
Accounting Disclosure, Value Relevance and Firm Life Cycle: Evidence from Iran
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130106.13
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Bita Mashayekhi
Omid Faraji
Arash Tahriri
Accounting Disclosure, Value Relevance and Firm Life Cycle: Evidence from Iran
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20130106.13
© Science Publishing Group
Challenges and Opportunities of Management Accounting in Iran Industries
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20130106.11
In this article, we have studied recent changes in management accounting and respected disabuses which is the most important challenges and opportunities led to advance in management accounting. Management accounting extended by emphasis on accounting in three major fields as: 1) Activity accounting; 2) Strategic management accounting; 3) Accounting for advanced manufacturing technology (AAMT). These three major fields promote future management accounting and refresh it. Consequently, as management accounting can go on extended services to various commercial, industrial and governmental unit scan adapt future management accounting with new technological and management accounting. Management accounting including activity accounting, strategic management accounting and accounting for advanced technologies have led to progress management accounting and various organizations.
In this article, we have studied recent changes in management accounting and respected disabuses which is the most important challenges and opportunities led to advance in management accounting. Management accounting extended by emphasis on accounting in three major fields as: 1) Activity accounting; 2) Strategic management accounting; 3) Accounting for advanced manufacturing technology (AAMT). These three major fields promote future management accounting and refresh it. Consequently, as management accounting can go on extended services to various commercial, industrial and governmental unit scan adapt future management accounting with new technological and management accounting. Management accounting including activity accounting, strategic management accounting and accounting for advanced technologies have led to progress management accounting and various organizations.
Challenges and Opportunities of Management Accounting in Iran Industries
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20130106.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Fatemeh Baghiyan
Challenges and Opportunities of Management Accounting in Iran Industries
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© Science Publishing Group
Does Consumer Behaviour on Meat Consumption Increase Obesity? - Empirical Evidence from European Countries
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.11
The study shows the association between consumer behavior on meat consumption and obesity of individuals in the European countries. Consumer behavior in terms of meat consumption and life-style has significant impact on obesity which is defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated as kilogram per meter square. The primary sample survey which was conducted online, received the voluntary response from European nationals. The study finds that increasing proportion of meat in the meal has significant positive association in increasing the BMI. The study shows that age and meat consumption have significant positive association with increasing BMI, however, education, income and hours of physical exercise have negative association with increasing BMI. In order to analyze the complex and causal relationship among the variables, an econometric regression technique has been used. As the dependent variable BMI is an ordered categorical variable, ordered logistic model is used to analyze the model.
The study shows the association between consumer behavior on meat consumption and obesity of individuals in the European countries. Consumer behavior in terms of meat consumption and life-style has significant impact on obesity which is defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) calculated as kilogram per meter square. The primary sample survey which was conducted online, received the voluntary response from European nationals. The study finds that increasing proportion of meat in the meal has significant positive association in increasing the BMI. The study shows that age and meat consumption have significant positive association with increasing BMI, however, education, income and hours of physical exercise have negative association with increasing BMI. In order to analyze the complex and causal relationship among the variables, an econometric regression technique has been used. As the dependent variable BMI is an ordered categorical variable, ordered logistic model is used to analyze the model.
Does Consumer Behaviour on Meat Consumption Increase Obesity? - Empirical Evidence from European Countries
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hasan Mohammad Monirul
Does Consumer Behaviour on Meat Consumption Increase Obesity? - Empirical Evidence from European Countries
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2014-01-01
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© Science Publishing Group
Survey Requirements of the Accreditation Program after the First Round of the National Assessment at Hospital and Compared with the Results of It
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.12
The idea of quality management systems in recent years in the public and governmental sectors have attracted attention of officials and experts .Can say that correct deployment of these systems is one of the most important tools that can assist the governments in this matter, and lead to success. In this regard, We decided to survey requirements of this program in the hospitals. Methods: we survey the comments of 85 managers and supervisors of hospitals with five factors influencing on this program and then compared with the results of national assessment. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, we used a five-part questionnaire with 40 Likert-type questions for data collection that Validated with Delphi method. analysis of variance and T-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: among the five factors, Leadership and management)%57,88) Organizational structure%)62,03) Human resource development(%60,58) customer focus(%56,35) and Team work(%58,41) proved to be acceptable.(with assuming 50% accepted in the five-factor).There was significant difference among the total means of influencing factors in the studies hospitals(P-value <0.0001) also between Total score (comments of managers and supervisors) and score of national assessment there was no significant differences.(P-value=0.2) Conclusion: It can be said that attention of managers to Leadership and management, Organizational structure, Human resource development, Customer focus and Team work will make effective and efficient implementation Accreditation Program
The idea of quality management systems in recent years in the public and governmental sectors have attracted attention of officials and experts .Can say that correct deployment of these systems is one of the most important tools that can assist the governments in this matter, and lead to success. In this regard, We decided to survey requirements of this program in the hospitals. Methods: we survey the comments of 85 managers and supervisors of hospitals with five factors influencing on this program and then compared with the results of national assessment. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, we used a five-part questionnaire with 40 Likert-type questions for data collection that Validated with Delphi method. analysis of variance and T-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: among the five factors, Leadership and management)%57,88) Organizational structure%)62,03) Human resource development(%60,58) customer focus(%56,35) and Team work(%58,41) proved to be acceptable.(with assuming 50% accepted in the five-factor).There was significant difference among the total means of influencing factors in the studies hospitals(P-value <0.0001) also between Total score (comments of managers and supervisors) and score of national assessment there was no significant differences.(P-value=0.2) Conclusion: It can be said that attention of managers to Leadership and management, Organizational structure, Human resource development, Customer focus and Team work will make effective and efficient implementation Accreditation Program
Survey Requirements of the Accreditation Program after the First Round of the National Assessment at Hospital and Compared with the Results of It
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-04-11
© Science Publishing Group
Meghdad Rahati
Monireh Dehghani Arani
Reza Nanakar
Azam Kazemi
Survey Requirements of the Accreditation Program after the First Round of the National Assessment at Hospital and Compared with the Results of It
2
1
12
12
2014-04-11
2014-04-11
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Who Decides on What to Spend in CSR? Moving from Compulsion to Consensus
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.11
With CSR spending becoming mandatory in some prominent economies, quantum of spend is increasingly becoming a non issue. Instead spending right has acquired prominence. Ever since policy makers mulled the idea of making CSR spending compulsory, there appears to be rush and panic in the business world to spend on CSR activities that gives them the best return on their social investment. The debate is on for decades now, as to who should decide on what to spend and how much? For long in the name of CSR activities businesses have been spending on initiatives that were either a part of owner’s choice or were easy to identify and implement, mostly avoiding the views of stakeholders inside as well as outside. This paper attempts to address broadly the issue of stakeholder confidence and preference in a CSR initiative. The paper suggests a model of engagement of stakeholders both within and outside of a business for the roll out of a CSR initiative.
With CSR spending becoming mandatory in some prominent economies, quantum of spend is increasingly becoming a non issue. Instead spending right has acquired prominence. Ever since policy makers mulled the idea of making CSR spending compulsory, there appears to be rush and panic in the business world to spend on CSR activities that gives them the best return on their social investment. The debate is on for decades now, as to who should decide on what to spend and how much? For long in the name of CSR activities businesses have been spending on initiatives that were either a part of owner’s choice or were easy to identify and implement, mostly avoiding the views of stakeholders inside as well as outside. This paper attempts to address broadly the issue of stakeholder confidence and preference in a CSR initiative. The paper suggests a model of engagement of stakeholders both within and outside of a business for the roll out of a CSR initiative.
Who Decides on What to Spend in CSR? Moving from Compulsion to Consensus
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-05-21
© Science Publishing Group
Jagannath Mohanty
Who Decides on What to Spend in CSR? Moving from Compulsion to Consensus
2
2
19
19
2014-05-21
2014-05-21
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Foreign Direct Investment in Ghana
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.12
Increasingly, Foreign Direct Investment is assuming a prominent role in the development and growth strategies of developing and emerging countries. Using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, this study demonstrates theoretically that nominal interest rate volatility can simultaneously drive exchange rate volatility and impact on Foreign Direct Investment. It then provides an empirical illustration of the bias this endogeneity can cause when regressing measures of exchange rate volatility on foreign direct investment. It is a detailed study that looks at the long – run and short – run movement of exchange rate volatility, interest rate volatility and foreign direct investment by the use of the Vector Error Correction Model. The study also establishes that a stable exchange rate and interest rate improve Foreign Direct Investment inflow into the country. The study however explains that, the effect of interest on Foreign Direct Investment is indirect. It demonstrates that interest rate volatility directly affects exchange rate and market attractiveness which then affects Foreign Direct Investment in the long run. The paper therefore concludes that government should implement policies that will stabilize both the exchange rate and the interest. The study therefore suggests that policies that will reduce importation should be implemented whiles exportation policies should be enhanced and also government external borrowing should be reduced.
Increasingly, Foreign Direct Investment is assuming a prominent role in the development and growth strategies of developing and emerging countries. Using a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, this study demonstrates theoretically that nominal interest rate volatility can simultaneously drive exchange rate volatility and impact on Foreign Direct Investment. It then provides an empirical illustration of the bias this endogeneity can cause when regressing measures of exchange rate volatility on foreign direct investment. It is a detailed study that looks at the long – run and short – run movement of exchange rate volatility, interest rate volatility and foreign direct investment by the use of the Vector Error Correction Model. The study also establishes that a stable exchange rate and interest rate improve Foreign Direct Investment inflow into the country. The study however explains that, the effect of interest on Foreign Direct Investment is indirect. It demonstrates that interest rate volatility directly affects exchange rate and market attractiveness which then affects Foreign Direct Investment in the long run. The paper therefore concludes that government should implement policies that will stabilize both the exchange rate and the interest. The study therefore suggests that policies that will reduce importation should be implemented whiles exportation policies should be enhanced and also government external borrowing should be reduced.
The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Foreign Direct Investment in Ghana
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-06-09
© Science Publishing Group
Emmanuel Adu Boahen
Oteng Evans
The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Foreign Direct Investment in Ghana
2
2
28
28
2014-06-09
2014-06-09
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Economy of Bangladesh: Making Wonderful Strides Ahead
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.11
Bangladesh is a small country of South East-Asia. The country achieved independence in 1971 through a bloody war of nine months and started her painful journey there from. Like many other things, the economy of Bangladesh was destroyed due to the liberation war. Geographically the country is considered a natural disaster prone country. Natural disasters like floods, cyclones, tidal-bores, draught etc. very frequently visit this small country and transfix its economy very ruthlessly. Overpopulation, disease, famine, illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, political unrest and instability etc. are the salient features of the country. It is only a decade or so that its economy assumed diverged dimension from solely an agro- based economy. Foreign grants and aids were also inseparable factors of the economy. But those days are no more. Its economic situation has quite reversed for the better and its features and prospects are worth praising. It has already started making outstanding strides and marching forward on the path of a sustainable development and advancement. All the indices regarding economy show positive signs of development. Taking recent Bangladesh economy into account, some eminent Economists and international organizations have opined that the country is going to be included among the next eleven rapid growing economies after BRICS. The researchers have tried to explain the nature and behavior of various variables related to the development of the economy from the periods of 1989-90 to 2011-12. The relevant data and statistics show that the behavior of the variables is very interesting. The researchers have also noticed some major problems. If the government and authorities concerned make proper endeavor to solve these problems, it is strongly hoped that the country will emerge as a middle income group country by 2022.
Bangladesh is a small country of South East-Asia. The country achieved independence in 1971 through a bloody war of nine months and started her painful journey there from. Like many other things, the economy of Bangladesh was destroyed due to the liberation war. Geographically the country is considered a natural disaster prone country. Natural disasters like floods, cyclones, tidal-bores, draught etc. very frequently visit this small country and transfix its economy very ruthlessly. Overpopulation, disease, famine, illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, political unrest and instability etc. are the salient features of the country. It is only a decade or so that its economy assumed diverged dimension from solely an agro- based economy. Foreign grants and aids were also inseparable factors of the economy. But those days are no more. Its economic situation has quite reversed for the better and its features and prospects are worth praising. It has already started making outstanding strides and marching forward on the path of a sustainable development and advancement. All the indices regarding economy show positive signs of development. Taking recent Bangladesh economy into account, some eminent Economists and international organizations have opined that the country is going to be included among the next eleven rapid growing economies after BRICS. The researchers have tried to explain the nature and behavior of various variables related to the development of the economy from the periods of 1989-90 to 2011-12. The relevant data and statistics show that the behavior of the variables is very interesting. The researchers have also noticed some major problems. If the government and authorities concerned make proper endeavor to solve these problems, it is strongly hoped that the country will emerge as a middle income group country by 2022.
The Economy of Bangladesh: Making Wonderful Strides Ahead
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-07-03
© Science Publishing Group
Md. Shafiul Alam
Md. Zakir Hossain
The Economy of Bangladesh: Making Wonderful Strides Ahead
2
3
36
36
2014-07-03
2014-07-03
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Corporate Governance Practices in Private Commercial Banks-A Study on Khulna City
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.12
Corporate governance (CG) is an important effort to ensure accountability and responsibility and is a set of principles, which should be incorporated into every part of the organization. Financial institutions like banks have a significant role to play in the economy of any country. Banking sector should follow the Corporate Governance codes for Bangladesh. So, this paper has tried to evaluate the present scenario of Corporate Governance practices by the private banks in Bangladesh. The study has been conducted to attain some objectives. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the practices of Corporate Governance codes by the Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh. In order to do the study, the major issues were focused like rights and disclosure of information, disclosure and transparency, board issues, disclosure and transparency, financial reporting and HRM practices.7 hypotheses have been developed in order to identify whether the private banks are complying corporate governance issues or not. And making the study convenient an assumption was made using subjective probability technique that 70% or more of private banks of Bangladesh are maintaining 90% or more CG codes for Bangladesh (Alam, K, 2011). Only 50% of the major issues like disclosure and transparency, financial reporting and audit practice have met the assumption. Of which 100% of the CG codes regarding financial reporting are practiced by the 70% or more private banks and it was 83.33% for audit practice. In contrast the major issues of CG codes namely shareholders’ rights and disclosure of information, board issues and HRM issues are not properly exercised by the private banks. It follows that rights of shareholders are despoiled by the private banks the reason why only 60% of the issues have been met by 70% or more private banks. Likewise the board and HRM issues have also failed to meet the assumption. In these two cases the conformance percentages were 60% and 50% correspondingly. Consequently the study recommends some approaches that are well thought out for the practice of corporate governance codes by the private commercial banks of Bangladesh.
Corporate governance (CG) is an important effort to ensure accountability and responsibility and is a set of principles, which should be incorporated into every part of the organization. Financial institutions like banks have a significant role to play in the economy of any country. Banking sector should follow the Corporate Governance codes for Bangladesh. So, this paper has tried to evaluate the present scenario of Corporate Governance practices by the private banks in Bangladesh. The study has been conducted to attain some objectives. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the practices of Corporate Governance codes by the Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh. In order to do the study, the major issues were focused like rights and disclosure of information, disclosure and transparency, board issues, disclosure and transparency, financial reporting and HRM practices.7 hypotheses have been developed in order to identify whether the private banks are complying corporate governance issues or not. And making the study convenient an assumption was made using subjective probability technique that 70% or more of private banks of Bangladesh are maintaining 90% or more CG codes for Bangladesh (Alam, K, 2011). Only 50% of the major issues like disclosure and transparency, financial reporting and audit practice have met the assumption. Of which 100% of the CG codes regarding financial reporting are practiced by the 70% or more private banks and it was 83.33% for audit practice. In contrast the major issues of CG codes namely shareholders’ rights and disclosure of information, board issues and HRM issues are not properly exercised by the private banks. It follows that rights of shareholders are despoiled by the private banks the reason why only 60% of the issues have been met by 70% or more private banks. Likewise the board and HRM issues have also failed to meet the assumption. In these two cases the conformance percentages were 60% and 50% correspondingly. Consequently the study recommends some approaches that are well thought out for the practice of corporate governance codes by the private commercial banks of Bangladesh.
Corporate Governance Practices in Private Commercial Banks-A Study on Khulna City
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-07-22
© Science Publishing Group
Shanta Kar
Mithun sarker
Corporate Governance Practices in Private Commercial Banks-A Study on Khulna City
2
3
48
48
2014-07-22
2014-07-22
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
Can Creativity Make a Difference? Leveraging the Creative Work Environment to Impact Performance in Annual Revenues of Architectural Firms
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.12
Creativity remains an elusive, intangible contributor to workplace performance despite emphases from psychoeconomic approaches. Few empirical studies investigate creativity’s influence on organizational performance in a manner applied to practice or have differentiated creative versus non-creative domains. It has also been proposed that organizations have yet to establish management frameworks maximizing their creative capital. This study examines responses to an e-survey from staff of five top ranked U.S. architectural practices (N = 90). Study findings identify potential differences between creative versus non-creative domains, factors impacting creativity in the workplace, and the relationship between organizational creativity and annual revenues.
Creativity remains an elusive, intangible contributor to workplace performance despite emphases from psychoeconomic approaches. Few empirical studies investigate creativity’s influence on organizational performance in a manner applied to practice or have differentiated creative versus non-creative domains. It has also been proposed that organizations have yet to establish management frameworks maximizing their creative capital. This study examines responses to an e-survey from staff of five top ranked U.S. architectural practices (N = 90). Study findings identify potential differences between creative versus non-creative domains, factors impacting creativity in the workplace, and the relationship between organizational creativity and annual revenues.
Can Creativity Make a Difference? Leveraging the Creative Work Environment to Impact Performance in Annual Revenues of Architectural Firms
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-08-12
© Science Publishing Group
Katharine E. Leigh
Kenneth R. Tremblay, Jr.
Amy M. Huber
Can Creativity Make a Difference? Leveraging the Creative Work Environment to Impact Performance in Annual Revenues of Architectural Firms
2
4
68
68
2014-08-12
2014-08-12
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Determinant of Bank Interest Rates Spreads in Ghana
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.11
In Ghana, there is a widespread perception that interest rate spread is too wide. Banks, on the other hand, had justified the wide interest rate spread on the basis of some economic variables that affect the banks. The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the bank interest margin in Ghana. This paper therefore examines the determinants of banking sector interest rate spreads in Ghana. Based on the availability of data, the paper focused on some banking industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of (IR) spread. This study used exploratory and explanatory approaches. The exploratory methodology was used to identify the factors affecting determination of interest rate spreads and an explanatory approach was employed to establish how the factors affect the determination of interest spread in Ghana. The study found that factors affecting the determination of interest rate spread in Ghana are GDP, Exchange Rate, Prime Rate, Treasury Bill Rate, Liquidity, Overhead Costs, Loan Loss Provisioning and Profit Margin.
In Ghana, there is a widespread perception that interest rate spread is too wide. Banks, on the other hand, had justified the wide interest rate spread on the basis of some economic variables that affect the banks. The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the bank interest margin in Ghana. This paper therefore examines the determinants of banking sector interest rate spreads in Ghana. Based on the availability of data, the paper focused on some banking industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants of (IR) spread. This study used exploratory and explanatory approaches. The exploratory methodology was used to identify the factors affecting determination of interest rate spreads and an explanatory approach was employed to establish how the factors affect the determination of interest spread in Ghana. The study found that factors affecting the determination of interest rate spread in Ghana are GDP, Exchange Rate, Prime Rate, Treasury Bill Rate, Liquidity, Overhead Costs, Loan Loss Provisioning and Profit Margin.
The Determinant of Bank Interest Rates Spreads in Ghana
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-08-08
© Science Publishing Group
Ransford Quarmyne Churchill
Collins Owusu Kwaning
Owusu Ababio
The Determinant of Bank Interest Rates Spreads in Ghana
2
4
57
57
2014-08-08
2014-08-08
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Commercialization: An Option for Sustaining the Nonprofit Sector in Developing Countries
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140205.11
The importance of the nonprofit sector in enhancing sustainable development especially in developing countries where states and markets often fail is generally recognized in the literature on organizational behavior and development. The rapid growth observed in this sector has been accompanied by increasing volatility of charity and philanthropy, perverse global shocks and institutional arrangements. These factors threaten the financial sustainability of the nonprofit sector as well as its constant contribution to sustainable development especially in developing countries. This paper proposes an extension of the concept of nonprofit commercialization to developing countries, which until now has claimed significant importance only in the developed countries nonprofit literature. The key hypothesis developed in this paper is that commercialization of nonprofit organizations in developing countries can significantly reduce the risk of financial insolvency, enhance organizational sustainability and long term contribution to sustainable development. The importance of nonprofit organizations and rationale for commercialization of third sector organizations in developing countries is presented. The pros and cons for nonprofit commercialization are intensively discussed before proceeding to some of the key motivating factors for nonprofit commercialization. An empirical example is briefly presented to support this theoretical position. The paper concludes with implications of concept application for research, development and sustainability of the nonprofit sector in developing countries.
The importance of the nonprofit sector in enhancing sustainable development especially in developing countries where states and markets often fail is generally recognized in the literature on organizational behavior and development. The rapid growth observed in this sector has been accompanied by increasing volatility of charity and philanthropy, perverse global shocks and institutional arrangements. These factors threaten the financial sustainability of the nonprofit sector as well as its constant contribution to sustainable development especially in developing countries. This paper proposes an extension of the concept of nonprofit commercialization to developing countries, which until now has claimed significant importance only in the developed countries nonprofit literature. The key hypothesis developed in this paper is that commercialization of nonprofit organizations in developing countries can significantly reduce the risk of financial insolvency, enhance organizational sustainability and long term contribution to sustainable development. The importance of nonprofit organizations and rationale for commercialization of third sector organizations in developing countries is presented. The pros and cons for nonprofit commercialization are intensively discussed before proceeding to some of the key motivating factors for nonprofit commercialization. An empirical example is briefly presented to support this theoretical position. The paper concludes with implications of concept application for research, development and sustainability of the nonprofit sector in developing countries.
Commercialization: An Option for Sustaining the Nonprofit Sector in Developing Countries
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140205.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-10-09
© Science Publishing Group
Balgah Roland Azibo
Commercialization: An Option for Sustaining the Nonprofit Sector in Developing Countries
2
5
77
77
2014-10-09
2014-10-09
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Study on the Soft Power of Chinese Petroleum Enterprises
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140206.11
The paper, basing on the factors that influence the construction of the soft power of the Chinese petroleum enterprises, puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the soft power of the petroleum enterprises from various aspects, including the construction of the enterprise culture, strengthening of the resource integration, promotion of the innovation ability, fulfillment of the social responsibility, strengthening of the management control, and shaping of the image.
The paper, basing on the factors that influence the construction of the soft power of the Chinese petroleum enterprises, puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to enhance the soft power of the petroleum enterprises from various aspects, including the construction of the enterprise culture, strengthening of the resource integration, promotion of the innovation ability, fulfillment of the social responsibility, strengthening of the management control, and shaping of the image.
Study on the Soft Power of Chinese Petroleum Enterprises
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20140206.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-12-05
© Science Publishing Group
Guo Siliang
Diao Yanhua
Study on the Soft Power of Chinese Petroleum Enterprises
2
6
82
82
2014-12-05
2014-12-05
10.11648/j.ijebo.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Impact of Economic, Social and Environmental Variables on Competitiveness of Automotive Industry: Evidence from Panel Data
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.12
The study is aimed to examine the impact of economic, social and environmental factors on the competitiveness of automotive industry. Competitiveness of industry is measured by the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index. Fixed effect model is estimated by using the data of 14 Asian countries for the period ranging from 1991 to 2012. Results show that competitiveness of automotive industry is positively related to economic performance, human capital development, urbanization and tariff rate while negatively affected by lending rate and carbon emission both in developed and developing nations of Asia. Findings of the study suggest that external factors should be given due consideration particularly lending rate, human capital development and tariff to improve the competitiveness of automotive industry. Automotive policies in developing countries should improve their human capital and encourage foreign investors with adequate protection to local industry.
The study is aimed to examine the impact of economic, social and environmental factors on the competitiveness of automotive industry. Competitiveness of industry is measured by the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index. Fixed effect model is estimated by using the data of 14 Asian countries for the period ranging from 1991 to 2012. Results show that competitiveness of automotive industry is positively related to economic performance, human capital development, urbanization and tariff rate while negatively affected by lending rate and carbon emission both in developed and developing nations of Asia. Findings of the study suggest that external factors should be given due consideration particularly lending rate, human capital development and tariff to improve the competitiveness of automotive industry. Automotive policies in developing countries should improve their human capital and encourage foreign investors with adequate protection to local industry.
Impact of Economic, Social and Environmental Variables on Competitiveness of Automotive Industry: Evidence from Panel Data
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-03-18
© Science Publishing Group
Abdul Hannan
Faheem Haider
Nisar Ahmad
Tahira Ishaq
Impact of Economic, Social and Environmental Variables on Competitiveness of Automotive Industry: Evidence from Panel Data
3
1
17
17
2015-03-18
2015-03-18
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Capital Market Operations and its Impacts on Local Investments in Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.11
This study examines the Nigerian capital market Operations, and its impact on Local investments in Nigeria aswith The main theoretical model, growth results from innovations that allow local sectors to catch up with frontier technology. In developing countries, catching up requires the cooperation of a foreign investor who is familiar with the frontier technology and a domestic entrepreneur who is familiar with local conditions, In such a country, domestic capital market matters for innovation, and therefore growth, because it enables the local entrepreneur to put equity into this cooperative venture (Philippe Aghion et al 2009)and to empirically analyze the impact of the capital market operations on local investment. In analyzing the impact, the time series of data cover the period of 1972 to 2011. Gross domestic Product is regressed on the Capital market variables (Market capitalization, Number of Dealings and All share indexes) to check the long run effect of capital market activities on the growth of the economy neoclassical growth model is use to explain the source of growth in the economy. The relevance of the capitalmarket in the encouragement of local investment and economic development were highlighted. The paper concludes with recommendation to stem up investors confidence and activities in the capital market so that it could contribute significantly to the growth of local investment in Nigeria.
This study examines the Nigerian capital market Operations, and its impact on Local investments in Nigeria aswith The main theoretical model, growth results from innovations that allow local sectors to catch up with frontier technology. In developing countries, catching up requires the cooperation of a foreign investor who is familiar with the frontier technology and a domestic entrepreneur who is familiar with local conditions, In such a country, domestic capital market matters for innovation, and therefore growth, because it enables the local entrepreneur to put equity into this cooperative venture (Philippe Aghion et al 2009)and to empirically analyze the impact of the capital market operations on local investment. In analyzing the impact, the time series of data cover the period of 1972 to 2011. Gross domestic Product is regressed on the Capital market variables (Market capitalization, Number of Dealings and All share indexes) to check the long run effect of capital market activities on the growth of the economy neoclassical growth model is use to explain the source of growth in the economy. The relevance of the capitalmarket in the encouragement of local investment and economic development were highlighted. The paper concludes with recommendation to stem up investors confidence and activities in the capital market so that it could contribute significantly to the growth of local investment in Nigeria.
Capital Market Operations and its Impacts on Local Investments in Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-03-14
© Science Publishing Group
Suberu O. J.
Aremu O. S.
Afonja J. A.
Capital Market Operations and its Impacts on Local Investments in Nigeria
3
1
9
9
2015-03-14
2015-03-14
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Causal Relationship Between Unemployment Rate and Underground Economy in Iran
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.12
The paper investigated the causal relationship between IRAN underground economy and unemployment rate with Toda-Yamamoto approach for annual data during the period 1973-2012. The size of the underground economy measured as official GDP is estimated using a Multiple indicator- Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach. The size of the underground economy has been associated with increased over the four decades, However has fluctuations in the first two decades but shows quite ascending trend in the last two decades. The empirical results point out that there is strong evidence of uni-directional causality running from unemployment rate to underground economy.
The paper investigated the causal relationship between IRAN underground economy and unemployment rate with Toda-Yamamoto approach for annual data during the period 1973-2012. The size of the underground economy measured as official GDP is estimated using a Multiple indicator- Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach. The size of the underground economy has been associated with increased over the four decades, However has fluctuations in the first two decades but shows quite ascending trend in the last two decades. The empirical results point out that there is strong evidence of uni-directional causality running from unemployment rate to underground economy.
The Causal Relationship Between Unemployment Rate and Underground Economy in Iran
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-04-24
© Science Publishing Group
Khossrow Piraee
Hossinali Rajaee
The Causal Relationship Between Unemployment Rate and Underground Economy in Iran
3
2
28
28
2015-04-24
2015-04-24
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
Research on the Chinese Nongovernment Organizations Participating in Rural Governance: Functional Localization, Dilemma and Countermeasure
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.11
As china is a big agricultural country, the modernization of rural governance is the key point of modernization of national governance. The important characteristic of modernization of governance is that the nongovernment organizations participation in the governance actively. At the present, Chinese rural nongovernment organizations develop very quickly. However, there are still some dilemmas of those organizations participating in rural governance. It needs the governments actively lead the nongovernment organizations to participate in governance and establish the virtuous circle of it. At the same time, the nongovernment organizations need to get rid of the self obstacles and lift the ability of participating in governance.
As china is a big agricultural country, the modernization of rural governance is the key point of modernization of national governance. The important characteristic of modernization of governance is that the nongovernment organizations participation in the governance actively. At the present, Chinese rural nongovernment organizations develop very quickly. However, there are still some dilemmas of those organizations participating in rural governance. It needs the governments actively lead the nongovernment organizations to participate in governance and establish the virtuous circle of it. At the same time, the nongovernment organizations need to get rid of the self obstacles and lift the ability of participating in governance.
Research on the Chinese Nongovernment Organizations Participating in Rural Governance: Functional Localization, Dilemma and Countermeasure
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-03-26
© Science Publishing Group
Shaogang Liao
Ying Pan
Research on the Chinese Nongovernment Organizations Participating in Rural Governance: Functional Localization, Dilemma and Countermeasure
3
2
22
22
2015-03-26
2015-03-26
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Existence of a Unique Equilibrium in Asymmetric Contests with Interdependent Preferences
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.13
By relaxing the common assumption of purely self-interested preferences in contests, we study contests in which players care not only about their own material payoffs but also about other players’ payoffs, a scenario we term “interdependent preferences.” In addition, we identify three possible types of heterogeneity among players in contests. First, players may have asymmetric preferences toward each other. Second, players may have various abilities to convert expenditures to productive efforts. Third, players may face various financial constraints. This paper presents a proof of the existence and uniqueness of a pure Nash equilibrium in asymmetric contests with interdependent preferences.
By relaxing the common assumption of purely self-interested preferences in contests, we study contests in which players care not only about their own material payoffs but also about other players’ payoffs, a scenario we term “interdependent preferences.” In addition, we identify three possible types of heterogeneity among players in contests. First, players may have asymmetric preferences toward each other. Second, players may have various abilities to convert expenditures to productive efforts. Third, players may face various financial constraints. This paper presents a proof of the existence and uniqueness of a pure Nash equilibrium in asymmetric contests with interdependent preferences.
Existence of a Unique Equilibrium in Asymmetric Contests with Interdependent Preferences
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.13
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Shumei Hirai
Existence of a Unique Equilibrium in Asymmetric Contests with Interdependent Preferences
3
2
14
14
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.13
© Science Publishing Group
Incorporating Risk in an Optimization Model of Reliability Engineering
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.11
A non-repairable system is considered and the problem of finding its optimal preventive replacement time is revisited. In addition to minimizing the expected cost per unit time in a cycle, we also consider its variance as the measure of the risk of the optimal decision. A multi-objective optimization problem is then formulated where the two objective functions are the expectation and the variance. A sufficient condition is given for the existence of finite optimum in the case of the weighting method, where either the weight of the variance or the replacement costs are sufficiently small. In applying the ε - constraint method there is always finite optimum if the upper bound for the expectation is close to its minimal value.
A non-repairable system is considered and the problem of finding its optimal preventive replacement time is revisited. In addition to minimizing the expected cost per unit time in a cycle, we also consider its variance as the measure of the risk of the optimal decision. A multi-objective optimization problem is then formulated where the two objective functions are the expectation and the variance. A sufficient condition is given for the existence of finite optimum in the case of the weighting method, where either the weight of the variance or the replacement costs are sufficiently small. In applying the ε - constraint method there is always finite optimum if the upper bound for the expectation is close to its minimal value.
Incorporating Risk in an Optimization Model of Reliability Engineering
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Akio Matsumoto
Ferenc Szidarovszky
Miklós Szidarovszky
Incorporating Risk in an Optimization Model of Reliability Engineering
3
2
4
4
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.11
© Science Publishing Group
New Methods of Decision Making Under Uncertainty
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.12
The classical formula of certainty equivalent is reconsidered. Based on a modified proof of the original formula several alternative methods are derived with different orders of magnitude of their errors. This new method is then compared with the classical formula in a computer study showing the advantage of the new approach. Practical applications are also outlined to illustrate the methodology.
The classical formula of certainty equivalent is reconsidered. Based on a modified proof of the original formula several alternative methods are derived with different orders of magnitude of their errors. This new method is then compared with the classical formula in a computer study showing the advantage of the new approach. Practical applications are also outlined to illustrate the methodology.
New Methods of Decision Making Under Uncertainty
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Sándor Molnár
Ferenc Szidarovszky
New Methods of Decision Making Under Uncertainty
3
2
9
9
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Determinacy of Equilibrium in a New Keynesian Model with Monetary Policy Lag
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.14
We use the New Keynesian continuous-time framework to theoretically investigate the effects of a lag in a central bank’s response to economic fluctuations (i.e., monetary policy lag) on local equilibrium determinacy. In the case of a policy without lag, equilibrium is indeterminate even though a central bank’s policy response is sufficiently active. However, in the case of a policy with lag, an active monetary policy can contribute to local equilibrium determinacy if the lag is modest.
We use the New Keynesian continuous-time framework to theoretically investigate the effects of a lag in a central bank’s response to economic fluctuations (i.e., monetary policy lag) on local equilibrium determinacy. In the case of a policy without lag, equilibrium is indeterminate even though a central bank’s policy response is sufficiently active. However, in the case of a policy with lag, an active monetary policy can contribute to local equilibrium determinacy if the lag is modest.
Determinacy of Equilibrium in a New Keynesian Model with Monetary Policy Lag
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.14
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-01-22
© Science Publishing Group
Eiji Tsuzuki
Determinacy of Equilibrium in a New Keynesian Model with Monetary Policy Lag
3
2
22
22
2015-01-22
2015-01-22
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Balanced Budget Multiplier and Labour Intensity in Home Production
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.15
This paper shows that the labour intensity of home production of a final consumption good affects national income and income multiplier effects of public expenditure financed by taxation. A reduction in labour intensity increases the level of national income but decreases the magnitude of the balanced budget multiplier effect. This result holds whether the tax instrument is distortionary or non-distortionary. It follows that the recent diffusion of labour-saving innovations such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners may have the effect of decreasing the effectiveness of fiscal policy.
This paper shows that the labour intensity of home production of a final consumption good affects national income and income multiplier effects of public expenditure financed by taxation. A reduction in labour intensity increases the level of national income but decreases the magnitude of the balanced budget multiplier effect. This result holds whether the tax instrument is distortionary or non-distortionary. It follows that the recent diffusion of labour-saving innovations such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners may have the effect of decreasing the effectiveness of fiscal policy.
The Balanced Budget Multiplier and Labour Intensity in Home Production
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.15
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-02-27
© Science Publishing Group
Masatoshi Yoshida
Stephen J. Turnbull
The Balanced Budget Multiplier and Labour Intensity in Home Production
3
2
30
30
2015-02-27
2015-02-27
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.15
© Science Publishing Group
R&D and Innovations on Tertiary Sector’s Performance and Its Contribution to the World Economic Growth
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.16
Growth effects of R&D, especially in the service sector, are focused in this paper. By using a Romer type growth model with a R&D sector and a final goods retailing sector, we point out growth effects from the labor share of the R&D sector and the service sector. From the empirical analysis on the steady state equation, a positive per-capita income contribution from service sector’ GDP share is put out at light as well as the number of researcher is here indicated for its weight on understanding the subject. And for world growth data we apply principal component analysis: a strong causality effect among per-capita GDP, R&D investment, and service sector share is deduced.
Growth effects of R&D, especially in the service sector, are focused in this paper. By using a Romer type growth model with a R&D sector and a final goods retailing sector, we point out growth effects from the labor share of the R&D sector and the service sector. From the empirical analysis on the steady state equation, a positive per-capita income contribution from service sector’ GDP share is put out at light as well as the number of researcher is here indicated for its weight on understanding the subject. And for world growth data we apply principal component analysis: a strong causality effect among per-capita GDP, R&D investment, and service sector share is deduced.
R&D and Innovations on Tertiary Sector’s Performance and Its Contribution to the World Economic Growth
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.16
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-03-06
© Science Publishing Group
Yasuyuki Nishigaki
Leisa Cristina Sena Moreno
R&D and Innovations on Tertiary Sector’s Performance and Its Contribution to the World Economic Growth
3
2
38
38
2015-03-06
2015-03-06
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.16
© Science Publishing Group
Equally Efficient Competitor and the Case of Deutsche Telekom: Economic Perspective
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.17
We examine the implication of the assumption in two types of regulatory environments that a new entrant is an equally efficient competitor, on which the price squeeze test is built. Under partial regulation the entrant exits a market because of the higher access rates set by the authority. If we consider this assumption under no regulation, the entrant exits the market by its own inefficiency, and not by the exclusionary strategies of the incumbent. Regardless of the regulatory environments, the incumbent is not responsible for the exit and the assumption is contradictory to the EC decision.
We examine the implication of the assumption in two types of regulatory environments that a new entrant is an equally efficient competitor, on which the price squeeze test is built. Under partial regulation the entrant exits a market because of the higher access rates set by the authority. If we consider this assumption under no regulation, the entrant exits the market by its own inefficiency, and not by the exclusionary strategies of the incumbent. Regardless of the regulatory environments, the incumbent is not responsible for the exit and the assumption is contradictory to the EC decision.
Equally Efficient Competitor and the Case of Deutsche Telekom: Economic Perspective
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.17
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-03-18
© Science Publishing Group
Yasuo Kawashima
Nobufumi Nishimura
Equally Efficient Competitor and the Case of Deutsche Telekom: Economic Perspective
3
2
45
45
2015-03-18
2015-03-18
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.17
© Science Publishing Group
Education and Research in Public Policy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.18
This paper constructs an endogenous growth model where the educational sector (higher education) produces human capital and social knowledge by education and research activities. The steady state growth paths are studied for market economy where the educational sector is financed by the income tax imposed on household and the rent on use of social knowledge by firm. We show that the education-research allocation in the educational sector determines the income tax rate and also the growth rate for the market economy. We conclude that there exists a certain education-research allocation maximizing the steady state growth rate, and that the optimal income tax rate is not necessarily zero.
This paper constructs an endogenous growth model where the educational sector (higher education) produces human capital and social knowledge by education and research activities. The steady state growth paths are studied for market economy where the educational sector is financed by the income tax imposed on household and the rent on use of social knowledge by firm. We show that the education-research allocation in the educational sector determines the income tax rate and also the growth rate for the market economy. We conclude that there exists a certain education-research allocation maximizing the steady state growth rate, and that the optimal income tax rate is not necessarily zero.
Education and Research in Public Policy
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.18
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-03-30
© Science Publishing Group
Keiko Nakayama
Masatoshi Shirai
Education and Research in Public Policy
3
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51
51
2015-03-30
2015-03-30
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.18
© Science Publishing Group
Capital Adjustment and Limit Cycles: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Threshold Autoregressive Model
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.19
In this study, we investigate the non-linearity of the Japanese business cycle based on the theoretical concept of the limit cycle. To analyze the time series of capital stock and GDP simultaneously based on the theoretical relationships predicted by the limit cycle, we incorporate the capital coefficient into a Kaldor-type dynamic model and apply the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model to it to investigate fluctuations in the coefficient that are concurrent to the underlying oscillation of the limit cycle. The estimation results indicate that these time series are subject to the three-regime TAR model and that the middle regime has divergence and the outside regimes have convergence, suggesting that the process has a non-linear phenomenon typically caused by limit cycles.
In this study, we investigate the non-linearity of the Japanese business cycle based on the theoretical concept of the limit cycle. To analyze the time series of capital stock and GDP simultaneously based on the theoretical relationships predicted by the limit cycle, we incorporate the capital coefficient into a Kaldor-type dynamic model and apply the threshold autoregressive (TAR) model to it to investigate fluctuations in the coefficient that are concurrent to the underlying oscillation of the limit cycle. The estimation results indicate that these time series are subject to the three-regime TAR model and that the middle regime has divergence and the outside regimes have convergence, suggesting that the process has a non-linear phenomenon typically caused by limit cycles.
Capital Adjustment and Limit Cycles: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Threshold Autoregressive Model
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.19
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-04-12
© Science Publishing Group
Yasuyuki Nishigaki
Daiki Maki
Mitsuhiko Satake
Capital Adjustment and Limit Cycles: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Threshold Autoregressive Model
3
2
59
59
2015-04-12
2015-04-12
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.19
© Science Publishing Group
A Monetarist Model Reconsidered: The Emergence of Chaotic Fluctuations
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.21
Friedman (1968) proposes a constant money growth rate rule to establish the stability of the market economy. We examine whether his suggestion is reasonable or not. We seek to develop the Vanderkamp (1975) model, which captures the essential points of monetarism: the quantity theory of money and the natural rate of unemployment. Our main finding is that the economy experiences chaotic fluctuations around the steady state when the adjustment speed of inflationary expectations is sufficiently slow.
Friedman (1968) proposes a constant money growth rate rule to establish the stability of the market economy. We examine whether his suggestion is reasonable or not. We seek to develop the Vanderkamp (1975) model, which captures the essential points of monetarism: the quantity theory of money and the natural rate of unemployment. Our main finding is that the economy experiences chaotic fluctuations around the steady state when the adjustment speed of inflationary expectations is sufficiently slow.
A Monetarist Model Reconsidered: The Emergence of Chaotic Fluctuations
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.21
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-04-17
© Science Publishing Group
Hiroyuki Yoshida
A Monetarist Model Reconsidered: The Emergence of Chaotic Fluctuations
3
2
76
76
2015-04-17
2015-04-17
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.21
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.21
© Science Publishing Group
Dynamic Economic Systems with Two Time Delays
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.22
An elementary analysis is developed to determine the stability region of certain classes of ordinary differential equations with two delays. Our analysis is based on determining stability switches first where an eigenvalue is pure complex, and then checking the conditions for stability loss or stability gain. In the cases of both stability losses and stability gains Hopf bifurcation occurs giving the possibility of the birth of limit cycles.
An elementary analysis is developed to determine the stability region of certain classes of ordinary differential equations with two delays. Our analysis is based on determining stability switches first where an eigenvalue is pure complex, and then checking the conditions for stability loss or stability gain. In the cases of both stability losses and stability gains Hopf bifurcation occurs giving the possibility of the birth of limit cycles.
Dynamic Economic Systems with Two Time Delays
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.22
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-04-17
© Science Publishing Group
Akio Matsumoto
Ferenc Szidarovszky
Dynamic Economic Systems with Two Time Delays
3
2
85
85
2015-04-17
2015-04-17
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.22
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.22
© Science Publishing Group
The Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve and Firm-Level Inflation Expectations in Japan
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.20
This paper examines inflation dynamics in Japan through estimations of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve. The estimation with the observed inflation rate in the corporate goods price index and that with the estimated firm-level expected inflation rate are considered. The firm-level expected inflation rate is estimated by the Kanoh (2006)-type extended Carlson-Parkin method. In addition, the validity of the pure forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips Curve and the implication of the flattening of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve are taken into account as the underlying points of interest. Consequently, our empirical study leads us to the following conclusions. First, the backward-looking factor has a dominant impact on inflation dynamics compared with the future element. Second, the forward-looking element has an unignorable effect on the inflation process, even though it is weaker than the backward-looking factor. Third, our result implies the incompleteness of the pure forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips Curve. It gives us the policy implication that the discussion of monetary policy should include a certain degree of emphasis on the backward-looking perspective in addition to the forward-looking perspective and must examine inflation persistence, although the forward guidance policy by the central banks is a recent important topic. Fourth, the degree of rationality of firm-level inflation expectations is not sufficient: firms’ inflation expectations might not always be as exact as those made by the rational expectations hypothesis. Lastly, the slope of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve in Japan is very flat in recent years. It implies the Japanese central bank’s current difficulty in conducting monetary policy in that inflation would be less responsive to movements in the measures of aggregate economic activities.
This paper examines inflation dynamics in Japan through estimations of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve. The estimation with the observed inflation rate in the corporate goods price index and that with the estimated firm-level expected inflation rate are considered. The firm-level expected inflation rate is estimated by the Kanoh (2006)-type extended Carlson-Parkin method. In addition, the validity of the pure forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips Curve and the implication of the flattening of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve are taken into account as the underlying points of interest. Consequently, our empirical study leads us to the following conclusions. First, the backward-looking factor has a dominant impact on inflation dynamics compared with the future element. Second, the forward-looking element has an unignorable effect on the inflation process, even though it is weaker than the backward-looking factor. Third, our result implies the incompleteness of the pure forward-looking New Keynesian Phillips Curve. It gives us the policy implication that the discussion of monetary policy should include a certain degree of emphasis on the backward-looking perspective in addition to the forward-looking perspective and must examine inflation persistence, although the forward guidance policy by the central banks is a recent important topic. Fourth, the degree of rationality of firm-level inflation expectations is not sufficient: firms’ inflation expectations might not always be as exact as those made by the rational expectations hypothesis. Lastly, the slope of the hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve in Japan is very flat in recent years. It implies the Japanese central bank’s current difficulty in conducting monetary policy in that inflation would be less responsive to movements in the measures of aggregate economic activities.
The Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve and Firm-Level Inflation Expectations in Japan
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.20
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-04-13
© Science Publishing Group
Kazuhiko Nakahira
The Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve and Firm-Level Inflation Expectations in Japan
3
2
72
72
2015-04-13
2015-04-13
10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.s.2015030201.20
© Science Publishing Group
Labour Productivity Analysis on Female Elementary Teachers in Elementary School District of Serengan Surakarta
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.11
The research aims in the long term at investigating and improving the labour productivity on female elementary teachers in Serengan Surakarta. It is hopefully enrich the role of woman in academic discipline. Whereas the short term of this research is to improve family’s earning by encouraging woman’s role at home without leaving their rights and nature of a woman. This way is hopefully enrich human resources quality that improve Indonesian development. This research employs survey method; to analyze female elementary teachers’ labour productivity. Data collecting technique by means of interview; by filling out questionnaires. Purposive random sampling employs in gathering sampling. The sample in this research is 100 female elementary teachers in 10 elementary schools of Serengan Surakarta. Data analyzing technique is SPSS version 19. The results of this study are (1) partially, educational background gives no significant effect on the labour productivity of female teachers, (2) while the economic and expertise gives positive and significant effect of the labour productivity of female teachers. (3) Variable of education, expertises and economic give significant effect toward the labour productivity. (4) Among these three variables, namely the educational background, expertise and economic, the second mentioned is the most dominant one. (5) the contribution of these three variables; educational background, expertise and economic toward the labour productivity is 32,9%. While another contribution play its influence more for 67,10% which is not include in the variable of this research.
The research aims in the long term at investigating and improving the labour productivity on female elementary teachers in Serengan Surakarta. It is hopefully enrich the role of woman in academic discipline. Whereas the short term of this research is to improve family’s earning by encouraging woman’s role at home without leaving their rights and nature of a woman. This way is hopefully enrich human resources quality that improve Indonesian development. This research employs survey method; to analyze female elementary teachers’ labour productivity. Data collecting technique by means of interview; by filling out questionnaires. Purposive random sampling employs in gathering sampling. The sample in this research is 100 female elementary teachers in 10 elementary schools of Serengan Surakarta. Data analyzing technique is SPSS version 19. The results of this study are (1) partially, educational background gives no significant effect on the labour productivity of female teachers, (2) while the economic and expertise gives positive and significant effect of the labour productivity of female teachers. (3) Variable of education, expertises and economic give significant effect toward the labour productivity. (4) Among these three variables, namely the educational background, expertise and economic, the second mentioned is the most dominant one. (5) the contribution of these three variables; educational background, expertise and economic toward the labour productivity is 32,9%. While another contribution play its influence more for 67,10% which is not include in the variable of this research.
Labour Productivity Analysis on Female Elementary Teachers in Elementary School District of Serengan Surakarta
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Hj Sudarwati
Dra Eny Kustiyah
Labour Productivity Analysis on Female Elementary Teachers in Elementary School District of Serengan Surakarta
3
3
34
34
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Economy of Oaxaca in the Period 2004-2013: A Brief Review
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.12
Oaxaca is one of the most recognized states of Mexico, due to its gastronomic, cultural and environmental wealth. Located in the south of Mexico. The economic activities of Oaxaca is characterized by its own dynamic, far forms of production wave of globalization that began in Mexico from the decade of the eighties in the last century. In this paper, the population dynamics, GDP and income distribution of the inhabitants of the state of Oaxaca, in the period between of 2004-2013 is analyzed. The document is divided into three parts: the first deals with regard to production and economic growth, the second concerns the dynamics of the population, finally the third part closes with the conclusions of this paper.
Oaxaca is one of the most recognized states of Mexico, due to its gastronomic, cultural and environmental wealth. Located in the south of Mexico. The economic activities of Oaxaca is characterized by its own dynamic, far forms of production wave of globalization that began in Mexico from the decade of the eighties in the last century. In this paper, the population dynamics, GDP and income distribution of the inhabitants of the state of Oaxaca, in the period between of 2004-2013 is analyzed. The document is divided into three parts: the first deals with regard to production and economic growth, the second concerns the dynamics of the population, finally the third part closes with the conclusions of this paper.
The Economy of Oaxaca in the Period 2004-2013: A Brief Review
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-05-19
© Science Publishing Group
Mario Rojas Miranda
Edgar Manuel Cano Cruz
The Economy of Oaxaca in the Period 2004-2013: A Brief Review
3
3
40
40
2015-05-19
2015-05-19
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
Picking Path Optimization in Dual Zone Type Warehouse Based on Genetic Algorithms
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.13
With the rapid development of e-commerce and the global economy, order picking mode of multiple batches and small quantities becoming more and more, which makes artificial picking system occupy a larger proportion in a variety of ways. The optimization study of the artificial person picking system has a crucial role to enhance the efficiency of batch picking, then increasing customer satisfaction. For picking route optimization problem, single or multiple picking equipment may be considered in the actual operation process in order to choose the shortest path as the objective function to establish the optimization model in this paper. And genetic algorithm is designed in detail to solve this model.
With the rapid development of e-commerce and the global economy, order picking mode of multiple batches and small quantities becoming more and more, which makes artificial picking system occupy a larger proportion in a variety of ways. The optimization study of the artificial person picking system has a crucial role to enhance the efficiency of batch picking, then increasing customer satisfaction. For picking route optimization problem, single or multiple picking equipment may be considered in the actual operation process in order to choose the shortest path as the objective function to establish the optimization model in this paper. And genetic algorithm is designed in detail to solve this model.
Picking Path Optimization in Dual Zone Type Warehouse Based on Genetic Algorithms
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.13
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-06-02
© Science Publishing Group
Jie Zhu
Hong Zhang
Jian Guo
Li Zhou
Picking Path Optimization in Dual Zone Type Warehouse Based on Genetic Algorithms
3
3
46
46
2015-06-02
2015-06-02
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.13
© Science Publishing Group
Phenomenological Enquiry Into the Public Misconceptions of Billboard Design Concepts in Lagos, Nigeria: The Factor Analytic Approach
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.14
Multiple and Dense line-up of billboard structures in Lagos metropolis and highways suggestthat the outdoor advertising business is increasing in quantity, quality and patronage. Continuous population explosion, industrial development and urban renewal efforts of Lagos State government occasion the advertising agencies to introduce creative techniques. However, misconceptions about outdoor creative concepts reflect a worrisome trend. The industry is criticized to be responsible for the influx of negated vogues as well as the mixed brew of foreign and Nigerian indigenous cultures through its creative design concepts. This study undertakes a critical enquiry into the factors responsible for public misconceptions and misgivings about outdoor advertisements. The study adopted survey research design. The instrument used to collect data was questionnaire which comprised of thirty-three variables numbered from b48-b80. The population for the study comprised of the seventy-eight outdoor and eighty-eight conventional advertising agencies, seventy-two advertisers, sixty-one graphic designers and three hundred and eighty-five end-users. The procedure for data collection included Pilot Study and Validity test of the instrument. Non-parametric test method, by way of Factor Analysis was used to analyze the data collected and carry out factor extraction by principal component. The thirty-three (33) variables were reduced to ten (10) common factors through principal component analysis.
Multiple and Dense line-up of billboard structures in Lagos metropolis and highways suggestthat the outdoor advertising business is increasing in quantity, quality and patronage. Continuous population explosion, industrial development and urban renewal efforts of Lagos State government occasion the advertising agencies to introduce creative techniques. However, misconceptions about outdoor creative concepts reflect a worrisome trend. The industry is criticized to be responsible for the influx of negated vogues as well as the mixed brew of foreign and Nigerian indigenous cultures through its creative design concepts. This study undertakes a critical enquiry into the factors responsible for public misconceptions and misgivings about outdoor advertisements. The study adopted survey research design. The instrument used to collect data was questionnaire which comprised of thirty-three variables numbered from b48-b80. The population for the study comprised of the seventy-eight outdoor and eighty-eight conventional advertising agencies, seventy-two advertisers, sixty-one graphic designers and three hundred and eighty-five end-users. The procedure for data collection included Pilot Study and Validity test of the instrument. Non-parametric test method, by way of Factor Analysis was used to analyze the data collected and carry out factor extraction by principal component. The thirty-three (33) variables were reduced to ten (10) common factors through principal component analysis.
Phenomenological Enquiry Into the Public Misconceptions of Billboard Design Concepts in Lagos, Nigeria: The Factor Analytic Approach
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.14
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-06-13
© Science Publishing Group
Femi Kayode
Phenomenological Enquiry Into the Public Misconceptions of Billboard Design Concepts in Lagos, Nigeria: The Factor Analytic Approach
3
3
54
54
2015-06-13
2015-06-13
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150303.14
© Science Publishing Group
Trade Policy as Well as Non Trade Policy Reforms and Export Performance of Agricultural Commodities: An Empirical View of Developing Countries
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.12
This paper reviews relevant literatures to provide an empirical view on the role of trade policy as well as non trade policy reforms on export performance of agricultural commodities from developing countries during the 1990s and the subsequent years. The study discovered that trade policy reforms introduced to developing countries during the 1990 are central in determining output and consequently export performance of agricultural commodities. The study recommends for promotion of trade policy reforms within agricultural sector in developing countries in order to promote export performance of agricultural commodities.
This paper reviews relevant literatures to provide an empirical view on the role of trade policy as well as non trade policy reforms on export performance of agricultural commodities from developing countries during the 1990s and the subsequent years. The study discovered that trade policy reforms introduced to developing countries during the 1990 are central in determining output and consequently export performance of agricultural commodities. The study recommends for promotion of trade policy reforms within agricultural sector in developing countries in order to promote export performance of agricultural commodities.
Trade Policy as Well as Non Trade Policy Reforms and Export Performance of Agricultural Commodities: An Empirical View of Developing Countries
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.12
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-08-06
© Science Publishing Group
Tomson Odongo
Trade Policy as Well as Non Trade Policy Reforms and Export Performance of Agricultural Commodities: An Empirical View of Developing Countries
3
4
68
68
2015-08-06
2015-08-06
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Meet with Non-Profits - In Search for Alignment
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.11
Entrepreneurial philanthropy is becoming more significant in the domain of social change, yet an understanding of how non-profit organisations respond to the phenomenon, and vice versa, has received minimal academic research outside the United States. However, charitable giving with a venture bent may be an uncomfortable realm and can impose a culture shock for non-profits. Also the organisational processes of non-profits can be equally as uncomfortable for entrepreneurs, which may cause potential frictions. The paper seeks theoretical considerations to determine a framework that describes the alignment paradigm, in the situation entrepreneurial philanthropy will meet up with non-profit organisations. The primary focus is to select valid domains where compelling choices for both are foreseen, along with the qualifying variables to guide the meeting process effectively. The paper proposes a conceptual approach of alignment that may offer observations for enhancing the concept of entrepreneurial philanthropy.
Entrepreneurial philanthropy is becoming more significant in the domain of social change, yet an understanding of how non-profit organisations respond to the phenomenon, and vice versa, has received minimal academic research outside the United States. However, charitable giving with a venture bent may be an uncomfortable realm and can impose a culture shock for non-profits. Also the organisational processes of non-profits can be equally as uncomfortable for entrepreneurs, which may cause potential frictions. The paper seeks theoretical considerations to determine a framework that describes the alignment paradigm, in the situation entrepreneurial philanthropy will meet up with non-profit organisations. The primary focus is to select valid domains where compelling choices for both are foreseen, along with the qualifying variables to guide the meeting process effectively. The paper proposes a conceptual approach of alignment that may offer observations for enhancing the concept of entrepreneurial philanthropy.
Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Meet with Non-Profits - In Search for Alignment
doi:10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.11
International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
2015-08-03
© Science Publishing Group
Jos Rath
Theo Schuyt
Entrepreneurial Philanthropy Meet with Non-Profits - In Search for Alignment
3
4
64
64
2015-08-03
2015-08-03
10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=172&doi=10.11648/j.ijebo.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group