Science Publishing Group: Cancer Research Journal: Table of Contents
<i> Cancer Research Journal (CRJ) </i> publishes original studies, reviews, and opinion pieces offering significance and broad impact to a diverse audience spanning basic, preclinical, clinical, prevention and epidemiological research. <i> CRJ </i> seeks manuscripts that offer pathobiological and translational impact to inform the personal, clinical, and societal problems posed by cancer. The main scope of the Journal is captured in its primary subsections, which focus on molecular and cellular pathobiology, tumor and stem cell biology, therapeutics and targets, microenvironment and immunology, prevention and epidemiology, and integrated systems and technology.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/crj Science Publishing Group: Cancer Research Journal: Table of Contents
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Cancer Research Journal
Cancer Research Journal
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A Novel Diagnostic Marker: Proteasome LMP2/1i-Differential Expression in Human Uterus Mesenchymal Tumor
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130101.11
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) develops more often in the muscle tissue layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of uterine LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not yet known. Importantly, a diagnostic-biomarker, which distinguishes malignant LMS from benign tumor leiomyoma (LMA), is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze risk factors associated with uterine LMS, to establish a treatment method. Proteasome LMP2/1i-deficient mice spontaneously develop uterine LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~40% by 14 months of age. We found LMP2/1i expression to be absent in human LMS, but present in human LMA. Therefore, defec-tive-LMP2/1i expression may be one of the risk factors for LMS. LMP2/1i is a potential diagnostic-biomarker under the combination of candidate molecules for uterine mesenchymal tumors, especially uterine LMS, and may be a tar-geted-molecule for a new therapeutic approach. (160 words)
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) develops more often in the muscle tissue layer of the uterine body than in the uterine cervix. The development of gynecologic tumors is often correlated with female hormone secretion; however, the development of uterine LMS is not substantially correlated with hormonal conditions, and the risk factors are not yet known. Importantly, a diagnostic-biomarker, which distinguishes malignant LMS from benign tumor leiomyoma (LMA), is yet to be established. Accordingly, it is necessary to analyze risk factors associated with uterine LMS, to establish a treatment method. Proteasome LMP2/1i-deficient mice spontaneously develop uterine LMS, with a disease prevalence of ~40% by 14 months of age. We found LMP2/1i expression to be absent in human LMS, but present in human LMA. Therefore, defec-tive-LMP2/1i expression may be one of the risk factors for LMS. LMP2/1i is a potential diagnostic-biomarker under the combination of candidate molecules for uterine mesenchymal tumors, especially uterine LMS, and may be a tar-geted-molecule for a new therapeutic approach. (160 words)
A Novel Diagnostic Marker: Proteasome LMP2/1i-Differential Expression in Human Uterus Mesenchymal Tumor
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130101.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Takuma Hayashi
Akiko Horiuchi.
Nobuo Yaegashi.
Tanri Shiozawa.
Susumu Tonegawa.
Ikuo Konishi
A Novel Diagnostic Marker: Proteasome LMP2/1i-Differential Expression in Human Uterus Mesenchymal Tumor
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Reactive Changes of Cytophysiological Properties, Molecular-Biological Profile and Functional Metabolic Status of Cells in Vitro with Different Sensitivity to Cytostatic Agents Under the Influence of Magnetic Fluid
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130101.12
The peculiarities of changes of phenotype properties in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with different sensitivity to cytostatic agents under the influence of nanoparticles of magnetic fluid were studied. It is defined that the biggest manifestations of magnetic fluid effect both by its essence and direction are observed in cells of resistant MCF-7/Dox line and parental MCF-7/S line in comparison with MCF-7/CP (cisplatin-resistant cell line). In particular, these are more apparent cytotoxic effects and ability to colony-formation, increase of adhesive properties, decrease of invasiveness and proliferative activity, changes of surface charge density and electrokinetic potential as well as lipid composition of cells. The defined differences between MCF-7 cells with different sensitivity to cytostatic agents according to phenotypic manifestations of correlations (magnetic fluid effect – reactive response) are evidence of the individual peculiarities of free radicals formation in cells and development of oxidative stress. The indicated phenomenon of selective reactive changes in cells by effect of magnetic fluid is necessary to take into account in development of systems of directed transport of antitumor drugs.
The peculiarities of changes of phenotype properties in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with different sensitivity to cytostatic agents under the influence of nanoparticles of magnetic fluid were studied. It is defined that the biggest manifestations of magnetic fluid effect both by its essence and direction are observed in cells of resistant MCF-7/Dox line and parental MCF-7/S line in comparison with MCF-7/CP (cisplatin-resistant cell line). In particular, these are more apparent cytotoxic effects and ability to colony-formation, increase of adhesive properties, decrease of invasiveness and proliferative activity, changes of surface charge density and electrokinetic potential as well as lipid composition of cells. The defined differences between MCF-7 cells with different sensitivity to cytostatic agents according to phenotypic manifestations of correlations (magnetic fluid effect – reactive response) are evidence of the individual peculiarities of free radicals formation in cells and development of oxidative stress. The indicated phenomenon of selective reactive changes in cells by effect of magnetic fluid is necessary to take into account in development of systems of directed transport of antitumor drugs.
Reactive Changes of Cytophysiological Properties, Molecular-Biological Profile and Functional Metabolic Status of Cells in Vitro with Different Sensitivity to Cytostatic Agents Under the Influence of Magnetic Fluid
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130101.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Lukianova N Yu.
Naleskina L A.
Bezdenezhnykh N O.
Kunskaya L M.
Demash D V.
Yanish Yu V.
Todor I N.
Chekhun V F.
Reactive Changes of Cytophysiological Properties, Molecular-Biological Profile and Functional Metabolic Status of Cells in Vitro with Different Sensitivity to Cytostatic Agents Under the Influence of Magnetic Fluid
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© Science Publishing Group
Prognostic and Predictive Role of HER2 Expression in Metastatic Gastric Cancer in Turkish Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130102.12
Background: In this study, we investigate the role of HER2 expression in prediction of the response to treatment combination including dosetaxel, cisplatin and 5-FU which is used in metastatic gastric cancer in Turkish patients. Methods: Patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Medical Oncology from 2008 to 2010 were included in this study. Results: IHC assessment identified 4 patients (25%) 0 / negative, 5 patients (31.3%) 1+ / negative, 4 patients (25%) 2 + / suspected, and 3 patients (18.8%) 3 + / positive. The relationship between HER2 expression and the response using chi-square test was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We believe that identification of patients who will respond to chemoterapy combination is important to prevent complications. The important shortcomings in our study include covering a small number of patients and the use of FISH method. Therefore, we believe that further studies using FISH method with more patients are required to investigate the role of HER2 expression in predicting the response to DCF chemotherapy combination.
Background: In this study, we investigate the role of HER2 expression in prediction of the response to treatment combination including dosetaxel, cisplatin and 5-FU which is used in metastatic gastric cancer in Turkish patients. Methods: Patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Medical Oncology from 2008 to 2010 were included in this study. Results: IHC assessment identified 4 patients (25%) 0 / negative, 5 patients (31.3%) 1+ / negative, 4 patients (25%) 2 + / suspected, and 3 patients (18.8%) 3 + / positive. The relationship between HER2 expression and the response using chi-square test was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We believe that identification of patients who will respond to chemoterapy combination is important to prevent complications. The important shortcomings in our study include covering a small number of patients and the use of FISH method. Therefore, we believe that further studies using FISH method with more patients are required to investigate the role of HER2 expression in predicting the response to DCF chemotherapy combination.
Prognostic and Predictive Role of HER2 Expression in Metastatic Gastric Cancer in Turkish Patients
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130102.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mustafa Yıldırım
Arsenal Sezgin
Utku Dönem Dilli
Dinc Süren
Mustafa Yıldız
Vildan Kaya
Cem Sezer
Nurullah Bülbüller
Prognostic and Predictive Role of HER2 Expression in Metastatic Gastric Cancer in Turkish Patients
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© Science Publishing Group
Clinicopathological Properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the South-West of Turkey
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130102.11
Objective: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, which have numerous histological subgroups, entail various biological behaviour, clinical properties and epidemiological differences. Incidence of histological subtypes can vary according to geographical locations. In this article, we will discuss clinicopathological properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma patients in Antalya, which is located in the south-west of Turkey. Material and Method: This study used the data from 1994 to 2010 on the patients from the data bank of Turkish Ministry of Health, Antalya Provincial Health Directorate, Cancer Registration Center. Results: The study covered a total of 1521 patients, including 899 (59.1%) male and 622 (40.9%) female patients. One-hundred thirty (8.6%) of the patients were under the age of 20, 911 (60%) were aged between 20-65, and 477 (31.4%) were above the age of 65. Cellular origins of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas were evaluated in 1518 patients. B-cell originated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma was identified as the most common with 86.4% (Table 1). We also revealed that T-cell originated Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas were more common under the age of 20. Conclusions: Clinicopathologic properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas vary across countries as well as across regions in a country. We believe that such differences should be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Objective: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, which have numerous histological subgroups, entail various biological behaviour, clinical properties and epidemiological differences. Incidence of histological subtypes can vary according to geographical locations. In this article, we will discuss clinicopathological properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma patients in Antalya, which is located in the south-west of Turkey. Material and Method: This study used the data from 1994 to 2010 on the patients from the data bank of Turkish Ministry of Health, Antalya Provincial Health Directorate, Cancer Registration Center. Results: The study covered a total of 1521 patients, including 899 (59.1%) male and 622 (40.9%) female patients. One-hundred thirty (8.6%) of the patients were under the age of 20, 911 (60%) were aged between 20-65, and 477 (31.4%) were above the age of 65. Cellular origins of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas were evaluated in 1518 patients. B-cell originated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma was identified as the most common with 86.4% (Table 1). We also revealed that T-cell originated Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas were more common under the age of 20. Conclusions: Clinicopathologic properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas vary across countries as well as across regions in a country. We believe that such differences should be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Clinicopathological Properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the South-West of Turkey
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130102.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Erdal Kurtoğlu
Mustafa Yıldırım
Hülya Karakılınç
Mustafa Yıldız
Sevil Göktaş
Dinç Süren
Vildan Kaya
Clinicopathological Properties of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the South-West of Turkey
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2014-01-01
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© Science Publishing Group
Predictive Role of αVβ3 Integrin, and VEGF in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Progression in Iraqi Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130103.11
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is enhanced in various pathological conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer development. Angiogenic processes are regulated by both growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and adhesion molecules, such as integrin. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlieregulation of angiogenesis especially VEGF function, is essential for the development of safe and effective antiangiogenic therapies. Thus, current study was aimedto investigate predictive role of β3 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma sample from Iraqi patients, through linking its expression with tumor histopathological variables (stage, grade, grade, andlymph node involvement), by using Immunohistochemicalstaining method. Study done on 35 colorectal cancer samples and their respective resection margins.Present study demonstrated that, the positive expression rate of integrin β3 and VEGF in non-tumorcolorectal mucosa (25.33333 ± 1.974842, and 32.4± 1.974842) was significantly lower than that of the colorectal cancer (CRC)tissue (76.47059± 2.878562, and 79.45714±2.293705; P < 0.05). Moreover, when CRC samples breakdown according to histopathological variables, In patients of stage C-D, poorly differentiated, and withlymph node (L.N)invasion, the positive expression rates of integrin β3 were significantly higher than those in patients of patients with stageA,B, well or moderately differentiated,and without lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05; P< 0.05, P< 0.05, and P< 0.05), respectively. In conclusion Integrin β3 and VEGF expression can synergistically enhance tumor angiogenesis, and may play a crucial role in invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Therefore, they may be prognostic biomarkers and novel molecular therapeutic targets.
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is enhanced in various pathological conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer development. Angiogenic processes are regulated by both growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and adhesion molecules, such as integrin. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlieregulation of angiogenesis especially VEGF function, is essential for the development of safe and effective antiangiogenic therapies. Thus, current study was aimedto investigate predictive role of β3 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma sample from Iraqi patients, through linking its expression with tumor histopathological variables (stage, grade, grade, andlymph node involvement), by using Immunohistochemicalstaining method. Study done on 35 colorectal cancer samples and their respective resection margins.Present study demonstrated that, the positive expression rate of integrin β3 and VEGF in non-tumorcolorectal mucosa (25.33333 ± 1.974842, and 32.4± 1.974842) was significantly lower than that of the colorectal cancer (CRC)tissue (76.47059± 2.878562, and 79.45714±2.293705; P < 0.05). Moreover, when CRC samples breakdown according to histopathological variables, In patients of stage C-D, poorly differentiated, and withlymph node (L.N)invasion, the positive expression rates of integrin β3 were significantly higher than those in patients of patients with stageA,B, well or moderately differentiated,and without lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05; P< 0.05, P< 0.05, and P< 0.05), respectively. In conclusion Integrin β3 and VEGF expression can synergistically enhance tumor angiogenesis, and may play a crucial role in invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Therefore, they may be prognostic biomarkers and novel molecular therapeutic targets.
Predictive Role of αVβ3 Integrin, and VEGF in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Progression in Iraqi Patients
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130103.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Ibrahim Abdulmajeed Altamemi
Alaa Ghani Hussein
Ahmed Raheem Rayshan
Predictive Role of αVβ3 Integrin, and VEGF in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Progression in Iraqi Patients
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2014-01-01
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© Science Publishing Group
Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Atypical Glandular Cells: Follow-up and Evaluation for High-Risk HPV
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130104.11
Objectives: The study was an attempt: to find out the prevalence of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGC) in cervicovaginal smears of pregnant and postpartum women in Duhok-Iraq; follow up these women to investigate the underlying pathology and to test for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV). Methods: From May 2005 to June 2013, all Pap smears of pregnant and postpartum women were analyzed and women with AGC cytology were enrolled in the study. One hundred and fifty two women, for whom follow up was possible, were subjected to colposcopic directed cytology and/or histology for at least 48 months from the initial reading. Their results were comprehensively evaluated, and HR-HPV DNA testing was performed by conventional PCR in 56 cases. Results: Overall, AGC cytology formed 6.7% of all pregnant and postpartum women’s Pap smears and 29.6% were at risk for neoplastic epithelial lesions (AGC and premalignant lesions). The diagnosis of ≥ low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was observed in 14.5% of cases among whom significantly high frequency of HR-HPV DNA was noted compared with those having persistent AGC or negative atypia (NILM). Conclusions: Identical to non-pregnant women, pregnant and postpartum women with AGC cytology are at risk of harboring premalignant and malignant (squamous or glandular) lesions, and testing of AGC cytologic specimens for HR-HPV might help predict neoplastic cases but not to distinguish malignant from premalignant lesions.
Objectives: The study was an attempt: to find out the prevalence of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGC) in cervicovaginal smears of pregnant and postpartum women in Duhok-Iraq; follow up these women to investigate the underlying pathology and to test for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV). Methods: From May 2005 to June 2013, all Pap smears of pregnant and postpartum women were analyzed and women with AGC cytology were enrolled in the study. One hundred and fifty two women, for whom follow up was possible, were subjected to colposcopic directed cytology and/or histology for at least 48 months from the initial reading. Their results were comprehensively evaluated, and HR-HPV DNA testing was performed by conventional PCR in 56 cases. Results: Overall, AGC cytology formed 6.7% of all pregnant and postpartum women’s Pap smears and 29.6% were at risk for neoplastic epithelial lesions (AGC and premalignant lesions). The diagnosis of ≥ low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was observed in 14.5% of cases among whom significantly high frequency of HR-HPV DNA was noted compared with those having persistent AGC or negative atypia (NILM). Conclusions: Identical to non-pregnant women, pregnant and postpartum women with AGC cytology are at risk of harboring premalignant and malignant (squamous or glandular) lesions, and testing of AGC cytologic specimens for HR-HPV might help predict neoplastic cases but not to distinguish malignant from premalignant lesions.
Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Atypical Glandular Cells: Follow-up and Evaluation for High-Risk HPV
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130104.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Intisar Salim Pity
Pregnant and Postpartum Women with Atypical Glandular Cells: Follow-up and Evaluation for High-Risk HPV
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© Science Publishing Group
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20130104.12
Background: This study was carried out to highlight the prevalence of cancer of the uterine cervix and shortcoming in the management of cervical cancer in our hospital. There is the need to improve on our personnel training and equipment acquisition. Method: This was a retrospective study. Case folders of forty-seven patients who were diagnosed with cancer of the cervix were retrieved and reviewed. Information on age, parity, clinical presentation, stages of the disease and management as well as management problems were analyzed. Results: There were 1450 admissions into the gynaecology ward during the study. Forty patients had histologically confirmed cancer of the cervix. This gave cervical cancer a prevalence of 2.76% of gynaecology ward admissions in this center. 82.5% presented with late stage disease where little or nothing could be done for them. Conclusion: Cancer of the uterine cervix is still a problem in our setting where uptake of screening methods and the availability of cytopathologists are still dismally low.
Background: This study was carried out to highlight the prevalence of cancer of the uterine cervix and shortcoming in the management of cervical cancer in our hospital. There is the need to improve on our personnel training and equipment acquisition. Method: This was a retrospective study. Case folders of forty-seven patients who were diagnosed with cancer of the cervix were retrieved and reviewed. Information on age, parity, clinical presentation, stages of the disease and management as well as management problems were analyzed. Results: There were 1450 admissions into the gynaecology ward during the study. Forty patients had histologically confirmed cancer of the cervix. This gave cervical cancer a prevalence of 2.76% of gynaecology ward admissions in this center. 82.5% presented with late stage disease where little or nothing could be done for them. Conclusion: Cancer of the uterine cervix is still a problem in our setting where uptake of screening methods and the availability of cytopathologists are still dismally low.
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20130104.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Boniface Uji Ago
Thomas Udagbor Agan
Etim Inyang Ekanem
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria
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© Science Publishing Group
A New Statistical Approach for Quality of Life Questionnaires in the Assessment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cuban Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140201.11
Objectives: To evaluate the dimensionality and item characteristics of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the lung cancer module (QLQ-LC13) and explore the possibility of reduction of the scales. Methods: We analyzed the answers recorded for the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 in patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) participating in 4 Cuban multicenter clinical trials. We assessed the dimensionality underlying both scales with a Mokken nonparametric item response analysis. We used the parametric Samejima’s graded response model to assess the item characteristics; we also conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the dimensionality of both scales. Taking into account the previous results we compared different reduced scales using the Receiver Operator Curves (ROC Analysis). Results: 873 patients with NSCLC that completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and 840 patients that completed the QLQ-LC13 were included. Mokken analysis of both scales resulted in 1-dimensional scales. All items showed scalability indices over 0.30. The overall scalability for the QLQ-C30 was 0.43, defining a medium scale according to Mokken’s criteria, while the overall scalability of the QLQ-LC13 was 0.44. Unconstrained Samejima’s graded response models showed appropriate fit, with most items of both scales presenting pertinent difficulty and discrimination parameters. The results of the CFA supported an underlying 1-dimensional latent structure for perceived quality of life (QLQ-C30 comparative fit index [CFI]=0.98; root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.05; QLQ-LC13 CFI=0.99 and RMSEA=0.04). All factor loadings were above 0.30. Conclusions: The QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-LC13 represent in patients with lung cancer a 1-dimensional structure of patient-perceived quality of life. All the reduced scales had similar performance compared with both original scales.
Objectives: To evaluate the dimensionality and item characteristics of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the lung cancer module (QLQ-LC13) and explore the possibility of reduction of the scales. Methods: We analyzed the answers recorded for the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 in patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) participating in 4 Cuban multicenter clinical trials. We assessed the dimensionality underlying both scales with a Mokken nonparametric item response analysis. We used the parametric Samejima’s graded response model to assess the item characteristics; we also conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the dimensionality of both scales. Taking into account the previous results we compared different reduced scales using the Receiver Operator Curves (ROC Analysis). Results: 873 patients with NSCLC that completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and 840 patients that completed the QLQ-LC13 were included. Mokken analysis of both scales resulted in 1-dimensional scales. All items showed scalability indices over 0.30. The overall scalability for the QLQ-C30 was 0.43, defining a medium scale according to Mokken’s criteria, while the overall scalability of the QLQ-LC13 was 0.44. Unconstrained Samejima’s graded response models showed appropriate fit, with most items of both scales presenting pertinent difficulty and discrimination parameters. The results of the CFA supported an underlying 1-dimensional latent structure for perceived quality of life (QLQ-C30 comparative fit index [CFI]=0.98; root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.05; QLQ-LC13 CFI=0.99 and RMSEA=0.04). All factor loadings were above 0.30. Conclusions: The QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-LC13 represent in patients with lung cancer a 1-dimensional structure of patient-perceived quality of life. All the reduced scales had similar performance compared with both original scales.
A New Statistical Approach for Quality of Life Questionnaires in the Assessment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cuban Patients
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140201.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Carmen Viada
Javier Ballesteros
Martha Fors
Patricia Luaces
Liset Sánchez
Bárbara Wilkinson
Aymara Fernández
Camilo Rodríguez
Tania Crombet
A New Statistical Approach for Quality of Life Questionnaires in the Assessment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cuban Patients
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© Science Publishing Group
Breast Cancer and Postmenopausal Obesity: the Risk Factors in this Relationship
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140201.12
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in both the developed and the developing countries, thus contributing to the occurrence of other diseases, e.g. hypertension, diabetes and breast cancer. Breast cancer involves a multifactorial process in which the surrounding microenvironment is known to be of great importance in the development and progression of the disease. Thus, adipose tissue, due to its immunological, metabolic and endocrine properties, may play a crucial role in the onset and progression of the disease. The relationship between obesity and breast cancer needs to be studied and characterized so that more effective treatments can be developed, faster and more secure diagnostic and prognostic tests might emerge and, mainly, so that public policies can be designed to prevent the increasing incidence of the disease related to obesity. The main hypotheses regarding the increased risk of developing breast cancer among obese women, i.e. sex hormones, adipokines, insulin and cytokines, are discussed in this review.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly in both the developed and the developing countries, thus contributing to the occurrence of other diseases, e.g. hypertension, diabetes and breast cancer. Breast cancer involves a multifactorial process in which the surrounding microenvironment is known to be of great importance in the development and progression of the disease. Thus, adipose tissue, due to its immunological, metabolic and endocrine properties, may play a crucial role in the onset and progression of the disease. The relationship between obesity and breast cancer needs to be studied and characterized so that more effective treatments can be developed, faster and more secure diagnostic and prognostic tests might emerge and, mainly, so that public policies can be designed to prevent the increasing incidence of the disease related to obesity. The main hypotheses regarding the increased risk of developing breast cancer among obese women, i.e. sex hormones, adipokines, insulin and cytokines, are discussed in this review.
Breast Cancer and Postmenopausal Obesity: the Risk Factors in this Relationship
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140201.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Clarissa Germano Barp
Durinézio Jose de Almeida
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
Breast Cancer and Postmenopausal Obesity: the Risk Factors in this Relationship
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© Science Publishing Group
A Aggressive Osteosarcoma of Mandible with Lung Metastasis in a 5 Year Child: A Case Report
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.11
Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor whose cancerous cells produce osteoid matrix. It is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, accounting for approximately 20% of the sarcomas, but osteosarcoma of mandible is rare only 5% of the osteosarcomas occur in the jaws and occur mainly in adult population in their later part of the life. They present various clinical and histological aspects, as well as variable disease progression and outcome. Mandibular osteosarcoma are slow growing tumors and have better prognosis compared to other site. Lung is the most common site of metastasis in osteosarcoma mainly in the long bones, in craniofascial osteosarcoma lung metastasis is a rare findings. We are presenting a case of osteosarcoma of mandible in 5 year child with aggressive initial presentation.
Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor whose cancerous cells produce osteoid matrix. It is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, accounting for approximately 20% of the sarcomas, but osteosarcoma of mandible is rare only 5% of the osteosarcomas occur in the jaws and occur mainly in adult population in their later part of the life. They present various clinical and histological aspects, as well as variable disease progression and outcome. Mandibular osteosarcoma are slow growing tumors and have better prognosis compared to other site. Lung is the most common site of metastasis in osteosarcoma mainly in the long bones, in craniofascial osteosarcoma lung metastasis is a rare findings. We are presenting a case of osteosarcoma of mandible in 5 year child with aggressive initial presentation.
A Aggressive Osteosarcoma of Mandible with Lung Metastasis in a 5 Year Child: A Case Report
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140202.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Govardhan H. B
Satyajit Pradhan
Rashmi Singh
Prakash Swain
Lalit Agarwal
A Aggressive Osteosarcoma of Mandible with Lung Metastasis in a 5 Year Child: A Case Report
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.crj.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
Antiproliferative Activity of a Dietary Supplement on Estrogen Receptor Positive and Negative Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.13
A commercial food supplement called Citozym (CIZ), was tested for antiproliferative activity against estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and (ER)-negative BT-20 human breast cancer cells, performing two independent experiments using SRB assay. A CIZ concentration of 100mg/mL, showed the most potent antiproliferative activity for cells in a potential range for further investigation on estrogen-insensitive breast cancer therapy
A commercial food supplement called Citozym (CIZ), was tested for antiproliferative activity against estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 and (ER)-negative BT-20 human breast cancer cells, performing two independent experiments using SRB assay. A CIZ concentration of 100mg/mL, showed the most potent antiproliferative activity for cells in a potential range for further investigation on estrogen-insensitive breast cancer therapy
Antiproliferative Activity of a Dietary Supplement on Estrogen Receptor Positive and Negative Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140202.13
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Torricelli Piera
Antonelli Francesco
Ferorelli Pasquale
De Martino Angelo
Shevchenko Anna
Beninati Simone
Antiproliferative Activity of a Dietary Supplement on Estrogen Receptor Positive and Negative Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
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32
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.crj.20140202.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.13
© Science Publishing Group
Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is associated with poorer prognosis than hormone receptor-positive subtypes and is more prevalent among African Americans than white, European Americans. The goal of this study has been to elucidate environmental, hormonal, and cultural factors that may be contributing to this disparity in an effort to identify modifiable risk factors and improve triple-negative breast cancer outcomes. Factors that may impact risk include vitamin D defiency, hormonal factors, environmental and dietary exposure, radiation exposure, and obesity. These factors may disproportionately affect African American women as a result of socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and cultural norms. Furthermore, disparities in prognosis may be compounded by barriers such as access to healthcare, prevention education, and perceptions of healthcare. Both biological and sociocultural factors impacting risk must be addressed in order for future prevention and treatment efforts to succeed.
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the world. The triple-negative breast cancer subtype is associated with poorer prognosis than hormone receptor-positive subtypes and is more prevalent among African Americans than white, European Americans. The goal of this study has been to elucidate environmental, hormonal, and cultural factors that may be contributing to this disparity in an effort to identify modifiable risk factors and improve triple-negative breast cancer outcomes. Factors that may impact risk include vitamin D defiency, hormonal factors, environmental and dietary exposure, radiation exposure, and obesity. These factors may disproportionately affect African American women as a result of socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and cultural norms. Furthermore, disparities in prognosis may be compounded by barriers such as access to healthcare, prevention education, and perceptions of healthcare. Both biological and sociocultural factors impacting risk must be addressed in order for future prevention and treatment efforts to succeed.
Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mackenzie Whitesell
Sarah Al-Najar
Gillian Bowser
Mark A. Brown
Cultural and Environmental Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas
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28
28
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Role of Using Ultra Short Pulsed Lasers in Determining Dynamical Dependent of Free Electron Density in the Skin Tissue for Treatment of Skin Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.14
We study on the new advances in laser cell surgery for skin cancer treatment and investigate on the working mechanisms of femtosecondlaser. Also, influences of the critical electron density and radiation intensity on the free-electron density for ablation on the epidermis and dermis tissues are investigated. Our studies on this work, show that if the amount of radiation intensity of pulsed laser is increased then the distance of focal spot is decreased also the amount of time dependent free- electron density become more and more, such that this case is proper for skin cancer treatment. Also, our calculations for skin tissue show that optimum time dependent free electron density for dermis layer at angle 16˚ and 22˚ which is a function of wavelength, beam width, beam radius, amplitude of the beam radiation strength and pulse duration is more than for epidermis layer
We study on the new advances in laser cell surgery for skin cancer treatment and investigate on the working mechanisms of femtosecondlaser. Also, influences of the critical electron density and radiation intensity on the free-electron density for ablation on the epidermis and dermis tissues are investigated. Our studies on this work, show that if the amount of radiation intensity of pulsed laser is increased then the distance of focal spot is decreased also the amount of time dependent free- electron density become more and more, such that this case is proper for skin cancer treatment. Also, our calculations for skin tissue show that optimum time dependent free electron density for dermis layer at angle 16˚ and 22˚ which is a function of wavelength, beam width, beam radius, amplitude of the beam radiation strength and pulse duration is more than for epidermis layer
The Role of Using Ultra Short Pulsed Lasers in Determining Dynamical Dependent of Free Electron Density in the Skin Tissue for Treatment of Skin Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140202.14
Cancer Research Journal
2014-04-11
© Science Publishing Group
S. Nasrin Hosseinimotlagh
Samira Khazraei
The Role of Using Ultra Short Pulsed Lasers in Determining Dynamical Dependent of Free Electron Density in the Skin Tissue for Treatment of Skin Cancer
2
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41
41
2014-04-11
2014-04-11
10.11648/j.crj.20140202.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140202.14
© Science Publishing Group
Empirical Studies about Inhibiting Proliferation of Zedoary Turmeric oil, Cinobufacini and Solanine on Gastric Carcinoma Cells
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140203.11
Purpose: To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of anti-cancer Chinese medicinal materials such as zedoary turmeric oil, cinobufacini and solanine on gastric carcinoma cell line NKM45. Methods: Bioluminescence assay (BLA) was applied to determine the ATP concentration when NKM45 was exposed to the three Chinese medicinal materials. The influence of zedoary turmeric oil on the growth curve of NKM45 cells was also analyzed. And the concentration of ATP was compared with NKM45 cells that were exposed to 5-Fluorouracil(5-Fu). Results: The concentration of ATP was significantly decreased when the NKM45 cells were exposed to the three Chinese medicinal materials and 5-Fu (P<0.05~P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the ATP concentration between MKM45 cells that were treated with the three Chinese medicinal materials and those exposed to 5-Fu (P>0.05). The zedoary turmeric oil significantly inhibited the survival rate of NKM45 cells. Conclusions: Zedoary turmeric oil, cinobufacin, and solanine can inhibit the proliferative activity of NKM45 cells. They have exploitation potential with broad market prospect.
Purpose: To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of anti-cancer Chinese medicinal materials such as zedoary turmeric oil, cinobufacini and solanine on gastric carcinoma cell line NKM45. Methods: Bioluminescence assay (BLA) was applied to determine the ATP concentration when NKM45 was exposed to the three Chinese medicinal materials. The influence of zedoary turmeric oil on the growth curve of NKM45 cells was also analyzed. And the concentration of ATP was compared with NKM45 cells that were exposed to 5-Fluorouracil(5-Fu). Results: The concentration of ATP was significantly decreased when the NKM45 cells were exposed to the three Chinese medicinal materials and 5-Fu (P<0.05~P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the ATP concentration between MKM45 cells that were treated with the three Chinese medicinal materials and those exposed to 5-Fu (P>0.05). The zedoary turmeric oil significantly inhibited the survival rate of NKM45 cells. Conclusions: Zedoary turmeric oil, cinobufacin, and solanine can inhibit the proliferative activity of NKM45 cells. They have exploitation potential with broad market prospect.
Empirical Studies about Inhibiting Proliferation of Zedoary Turmeric oil, Cinobufacini and Solanine on Gastric Carcinoma Cells
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140203.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-06-05
© Science Publishing Group
Xuejun Zhan
Daze Xie
Yingyin Hu
Ge Dai
Yanping Xu
Empirical Studies about Inhibiting Proliferation of Zedoary Turmeric oil, Cinobufacini and Solanine on Gastric Carcinoma Cells
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3
46
46
2014-06-05
2014-06-05
10.11648/j.crj.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
Angiogenesis is the extension of blood vessels from the prevailing vessels. It is an essential process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in healing of wound while its inhibition may help to restrict the size of tumor. To quantify the effect of an agent on angiogenesis, a standardized preclinical screening assay is necessary. The objective of this review is to document all the methods of angiogenesis assessment and specific techniques to quantify the results, majorly focusing on the modes of calculation and concerns that researchers need to make before reaching to any conclusion. Scientific research on angiogenesis relies on different models for assessment, including in vitro, in vivo and in ovo models. Many of these assays are practiced to test the effect of both pro and anti angiogenic agents. The findings articulated in this study will help to provide better visions into the pathophysiology of diseases associated with angiogenesis and to establish new as well as appropriate angiogenic or anti angiogenic treatment strategies for the future. Nevertheless, angiogenesis is a vigorous process and the techniques to evaluate this process with thorough assessment of physiological characteristics of new blood vessels will be advantageous over the older systems of angiogenesis assessment methods.
Angiogenesis is the extension of blood vessels from the prevailing vessels. It is an essential process in the formation and development of blood vessels, so it is supportive in healing of wound while its inhibition may help to restrict the size of tumor. To quantify the effect of an agent on angiogenesis, a standardized preclinical screening assay is necessary. The objective of this review is to document all the methods of angiogenesis assessment and specific techniques to quantify the results, majorly focusing on the modes of calculation and concerns that researchers need to make before reaching to any conclusion. Scientific research on angiogenesis relies on different models for assessment, including in vitro, in vivo and in ovo models. Many of these assays are practiced to test the effect of both pro and anti angiogenic agents. The findings articulated in this study will help to provide better visions into the pathophysiology of diseases associated with angiogenesis and to establish new as well as appropriate angiogenic or anti angiogenic treatment strategies for the future. Nevertheless, angiogenesis is a vigorous process and the techniques to evaluate this process with thorough assessment of physiological characteristics of new blood vessels will be advantageous over the older systems of angiogenesis assessment methods.
Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-06-27
© Science Publishing Group
Ghulam Jilany Khan
Lubna Shakir
Sara Khan
H. Sadaf Naeem
Muhammad Ovais Omer
Assessment Methods of Angiogenesis and Present Approaches for Its Quantification
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2014-06-27
2014-06-27
10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
Progesterone Induces NFκB DNA Binding Activity through a PI3K/Akt-Dependent Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140204.11
Progesterone (PG) is a steroid hormone that regulates normal reproductive functions including uterine and mammary gland development. The PG receptor belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors that mediates gene expression, however, it also promotes cell signaling pathways through a non-genomic pathway including the activation of PI3K/Akt and Src/ERK1/2 pathways. However the role of PG in NFκB-DNA complex formation remains to be studied. We demonstrate here that PG induces Akt2 activation and an increase of NFκB DNA binding activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Akt2 activation requires PI3K activity, whereas increase of NFκB DNA binding activity requires PI3K, mTOR, Akt, Src, and G-proteins activity, as well as the integrity of cytoskeleton. In summary, our findings demonstrate that PG induces an increase of NFκB DNA binding activity in MCF-7 cells.
Progesterone (PG) is a steroid hormone that regulates normal reproductive functions including uterine and mammary gland development. The PG receptor belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors that mediates gene expression, however, it also promotes cell signaling pathways through a non-genomic pathway including the activation of PI3K/Akt and Src/ERK1/2 pathways. However the role of PG in NFκB-DNA complex formation remains to be studied. We demonstrate here that PG induces Akt2 activation and an increase of NFκB DNA binding activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Akt2 activation requires PI3K activity, whereas increase of NFκB DNA binding activity requires PI3K, mTOR, Akt, Src, and G-proteins activity, as well as the integrity of cytoskeleton. In summary, our findings demonstrate that PG induces an increase of NFκB DNA binding activity in MCF-7 cells.
Progesterone Induces NFκB DNA Binding Activity through a PI3K/Akt-Dependent Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140204.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-07-07
© Science Publishing Group
Fernando Candanedo-Gonzalez
Octavio Galindo-Hernandez
Nathalia Serna-Marquez
Roberto Espinosa-Neira
Adriana Soto-Guzman
Pedro Cortes-Reynosa
Eduardo Perez Salazar
Progesterone Induces NFκB DNA Binding Activity through a PI3K/Akt-Dependent Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
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69
2014-07-07
2014-07-07
10.11648/j.crj.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Correlation of Oncologic Long-Term Results and Genetic Instability in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140204.13
Purpose: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a heterotop group of tumours. Microsatellite instabilities (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as phenomena of a genetic instability should be analysed in STS and correlated with the long-term oncologic outcome. Methods: Patients treated for a STS with a follow-up of at least 10 years were included. Thus, 86 patients (mean age 50.5 years, range 16-86 years) treated for a STS between 1993 and 2000 were routinely controlled every 6 months. Incidence of local recurrences, distant metastases, and overall survival were analysed. Sixty-six tumour samples were available for microsatellite analysis using the former traditional method of PCR amplification at 6 loci in the neighbourhood of hMSH2, hMLH1, p53, p16, rb1, and hTR. Results: There were 30 low-grade and 56 high-grade sarcomas. The mean follow-up was 144 months (120-192 months). Twenty-nine patients died of their disease. Local recurrences were seen in 13 patients, whereas metastases were noticed in 23 patients. The overall survival was dependent on the tumour stage (p<0.05), whereas the local tumour control (incidence of local recurrence) was influenced by the surgical margin achieved (p<0.05). The molecular biologic findings revealed 67% of the investigated loci as informative. MSI was found in 6.8% of the informative loci, whereas LOH in 18.8%, respectively. LOH was present in high-grade tumours in 23.8%, whereas in 1.7% in low-grade tumours. In high-grade sarcomas, the 5-year and 10-year survival probabilities were significantly lower in LOH-positive tumours (48.6% and 38%) than in LOH-negative tumours (72.5% and 62%). Conclusion: The overall survival in soft tissue sarcoma is mainly influenced by the tumour stage. In high-grade sarcomas, the survival rate will drop even after 5 years. The detection of loss of heterozygosity represents a negative prognostic predictor in high-grade sarcomas. Microsatellite instability is a rare phenomenon supposing no relevance in the oncogenesis and tumour progression of soft tissue sarcomas.
Purpose: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a heterotop group of tumours. Microsatellite instabilities (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as phenomena of a genetic instability should be analysed in STS and correlated with the long-term oncologic outcome. Methods: Patients treated for a STS with a follow-up of at least 10 years were included. Thus, 86 patients (mean age 50.5 years, range 16-86 years) treated for a STS between 1993 and 2000 were routinely controlled every 6 months. Incidence of local recurrences, distant metastases, and overall survival were analysed. Sixty-six tumour samples were available for microsatellite analysis using the former traditional method of PCR amplification at 6 loci in the neighbourhood of hMSH2, hMLH1, p53, p16, rb1, and hTR. Results: There were 30 low-grade and 56 high-grade sarcomas. The mean follow-up was 144 months (120-192 months). Twenty-nine patients died of their disease. Local recurrences were seen in 13 patients, whereas metastases were noticed in 23 patients. The overall survival was dependent on the tumour stage (p<0.05), whereas the local tumour control (incidence of local recurrence) was influenced by the surgical margin achieved (p<0.05). The molecular biologic findings revealed 67% of the investigated loci as informative. MSI was found in 6.8% of the informative loci, whereas LOH in 18.8%, respectively. LOH was present in high-grade tumours in 23.8%, whereas in 1.7% in low-grade tumours. In high-grade sarcomas, the 5-year and 10-year survival probabilities were significantly lower in LOH-positive tumours (48.6% and 38%) than in LOH-negative tumours (72.5% and 62%). Conclusion: The overall survival in soft tissue sarcoma is mainly influenced by the tumour stage. In high-grade sarcomas, the survival rate will drop even after 5 years. The detection of loss of heterozygosity represents a negative prognostic predictor in high-grade sarcomas. Microsatellite instability is a rare phenomenon supposing no relevance in the oncogenesis and tumour progression of soft tissue sarcomas.
Correlation of Oncologic Long-Term Results and Genetic Instability in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140204.13
Cancer Research Journal
2014-07-14
© Science Publishing Group
Reiner Wirbel
Steffen Weber
Joachim Hans
Wolf Mutschler
Correlation of Oncologic Long-Term Results and Genetic Instability in Soft Tissue Sarcomas
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81
81
2014-07-14
2014-07-14
10.11648/j.crj.20140204.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140204.13
© Science Publishing Group
GATA-2 Mutation: An Emerging Syndrome
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140204.12
Different clinical conditions of immunodeficiency and leukemic transformation were described recently. These are being associated with GATA-2 mutations. This is emerging as a new and interesting syndrome. This is a review of this condition.
Different clinical conditions of immunodeficiency and leukemic transformation were described recently. These are being associated with GATA-2 mutations. This is emerging as a new and interesting syndrome. This is a review of this condition.
GATA-2 Mutation: An Emerging Syndrome
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140204.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-07-14
© Science Publishing Group
Lalit Raut
GATA-2 Mutation: An Emerging Syndrome
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73
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2014-07-14
2014-07-14
10.11648/j.crj.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in a Pure African Society, Impact of Age, Reproductive History, Family History and Breast Feeding
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.11
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in female’s worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the extent to which selected demographic, hormonal and reproductive factors influence the cause of breast cancer using the logistic regression technique to determine the risk of getting the disease. Two thousand three hundred and ninety seven (2397) women were sampled for the study from the Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, of which 1022 (42.64%) were diagnosed with breast cancer between the periods January 2002 to December 2008. Breast feeding, late menarche, contraceptive usage, and time interval between age at menarche and age at menopause all decreased the risk of breast cancer development (OR = 2.306, <0.0001). Later age at menopause on the other hand increased the risk of breast cancer development. It is recommended that governmental or nongovernmental organizations improve on health education/campaigns about breast cancer to create awareness and reduce mortality.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in female’s worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the extent to which selected demographic, hormonal and reproductive factors influence the cause of breast cancer using the logistic regression technique to determine the risk of getting the disease. Two thousand three hundred and ninety seven (2397) women were sampled for the study from the Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, of which 1022 (42.64%) were diagnosed with breast cancer between the periods January 2002 to December 2008. Breast feeding, late menarche, contraceptive usage, and time interval between age at menarche and age at menopause all decreased the risk of breast cancer development (OR = 2.306, <0.0001). Later age at menopause on the other hand increased the risk of breast cancer development. It is recommended that governmental or nongovernmental organizations improve on health education/campaigns about breast cancer to create awareness and reduce mortality.
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in a Pure African Society, Impact of Age, Reproductive History, Family History and Breast Feeding
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140205.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-08-29
© Science Publishing Group
Alice Constance Mensah
Joel Yarney
kaku Sagary Nokoe
Samuel Opoku
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in a Pure African Society, Impact of Age, Reproductive History, Family History and Breast Feeding
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87
87
2014-08-29
2014-08-29
10.11648/j.crj.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Disulfiram and Copper Gluconate in Cancer Chemotherapy; a Review of the Literature
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.12
Repurposing non- cancer related drugs with possible antitumoral activities is a promising strategy for identifying prospective new anticancer drugs in a cost efficient and time saving way. Repurposing disulfiram has recently become of interest because of its pre-clinically described anticancer effects against various human cancers, which include breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, melanoma, prostate as well as myeloma and leukaemia. Epidemiological studies reveal a trend to reduced cancer risks in cancer patients using disulfiram for chronic alcoholism treatment while already reported literature point to the efficacy of disulfiram on cancer cell lines. Disulfiram has been shown to be effective either as a stand alone or in combination with other drugs against metastatic liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. Preclinical studies indicate that disulfiram when combined with copper ions acts as a proteasome inhibitor, to induce oxidative stress, reduce NFƙB (Nuclear factor ƙappa Binding) activity and enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. This study analyzed existing literature and found that disulfiram in combination with copper gluconate is a promising therapeutic agent for use in cancer chemotherapy.
Repurposing non- cancer related drugs with possible antitumoral activities is a promising strategy for identifying prospective new anticancer drugs in a cost efficient and time saving way. Repurposing disulfiram has recently become of interest because of its pre-clinically described anticancer effects against various human cancers, which include breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, melanoma, prostate as well as myeloma and leukaemia. Epidemiological studies reveal a trend to reduced cancer risks in cancer patients using disulfiram for chronic alcoholism treatment while already reported literature point to the efficacy of disulfiram on cancer cell lines. Disulfiram has been shown to be effective either as a stand alone or in combination with other drugs against metastatic liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. Preclinical studies indicate that disulfiram when combined with copper ions acts as a proteasome inhibitor, to induce oxidative stress, reduce NFƙB (Nuclear factor ƙappa Binding) activity and enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. This study analyzed existing literature and found that disulfiram in combination with copper gluconate is a promising therapeutic agent for use in cancer chemotherapy.
Disulfiram and Copper Gluconate in Cancer Chemotherapy; a Review of the Literature
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140205.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-09-23
© Science Publishing Group
Georgewill Udeme Owunari
Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri
Disulfiram and Copper Gluconate in Cancer Chemotherapy; a Review of the Literature
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2014-09-23
2014-09-23
10.11648/j.crj.20140205.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.12
© Science Publishing Group
Chemoimmunotherapy Resistant Follicular Lymphoma – A Single Institutional Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.13
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent form of non Hodgkin lymphoma and characterized by initial response to treatment with inevitable relapse. Rituximab, is an anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, plays an important role in combination chemoimmunotherapy in treatment of symptomatic follicular lymphoma. Though rituximab is helpful in reducing the tumor burden in patients of follicular lymphoma, a significant proportion of patients were found to have resistance to rituximab and eventually progressed to high grade lymphoma. In this study we evaluated chemoimmunotherapy (CIR) resistant patients to know the incidence, predictive factors associated with CIR resistance and prognosis. This is a retrospective study, included 49 patients of follicular lymphoma, of these 12 (24.5%) demonstrated CIR resistance. On univariate analysis, high LDH values, advanced stage and high FLIPI score may predict the resistance of CIR therapy in initial stage of therapy. Overall, 7 patients (58.3%) progressed to high grade lymphoma (biopsy proven) and 2 (16.6%) died of disease progression in CIR resistant patients. Progressive free survival significantly reduced in CIR resistant patients (26 months) than CIR responders.
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent form of non Hodgkin lymphoma and characterized by initial response to treatment with inevitable relapse. Rituximab, is an anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, plays an important role in combination chemoimmunotherapy in treatment of symptomatic follicular lymphoma. Though rituximab is helpful in reducing the tumor burden in patients of follicular lymphoma, a significant proportion of patients were found to have resistance to rituximab and eventually progressed to high grade lymphoma. In this study we evaluated chemoimmunotherapy (CIR) resistant patients to know the incidence, predictive factors associated with CIR resistance and prognosis. This is a retrospective study, included 49 patients of follicular lymphoma, of these 12 (24.5%) demonstrated CIR resistance. On univariate analysis, high LDH values, advanced stage and high FLIPI score may predict the resistance of CIR therapy in initial stage of therapy. Overall, 7 patients (58.3%) progressed to high grade lymphoma (biopsy proven) and 2 (16.6%) died of disease progression in CIR resistant patients. Progressive free survival significantly reduced in CIR resistant patients (26 months) than CIR responders.
Chemoimmunotherapy Resistant Follicular Lymphoma – A Single Institutional Study
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140205.13
Cancer Research Journal
2014-09-27
© Science Publishing Group
Sampath Kumar-Kandala Jeevan
Roshni Paul-Tara
Shantiveer Uppin
Megha Uppin
Kavitha Bali
Sundaram- Challa
Raghunadha Rao
Chemoimmunotherapy Resistant Follicular Lymphoma – A Single Institutional Study
2
5
97
97
2014-09-27
2014-09-27
10.11648/j.crj.20140205.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.13
© Science Publishing Group
Active Surveillance Criteria for Prostate Cancer Amongst Dutch Urologists
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.14
Introduction: This survey amongst Dutch urologists aimed to investigate their criteria before enrolling patients to active surveillance (AS) and managing follow-up. Materials and Methods: An online survey was distributed to 421 Dutch urologists. Demographics, enrollment criteria, intervention criteria and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AS were questioned. Results: 15% responded and completed the survey. A major 98% see AS as an alternative treatment for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). 79% felt that patients with a PSA ≤10 ng/ml were eligible for AS and 74% felt that patients required a Gleason score ≤6 for admitting to AS. There was agreement on the timing of second biopsies but, not for subsequent biopsies. 58% see a role for MRI in AS. Conclusions: Dutch urologists are accepting AS. They were in agreement regarding enrollment criteria, the best time for second biopsy, but there was no agreement on the timing of follow-up biopsies.
Introduction: This survey amongst Dutch urologists aimed to investigate their criteria before enrolling patients to active surveillance (AS) and managing follow-up. Materials and Methods: An online survey was distributed to 421 Dutch urologists. Demographics, enrollment criteria, intervention criteria and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AS were questioned. Results: 15% responded and completed the survey. A major 98% see AS as an alternative treatment for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). 79% felt that patients with a PSA ≤10 ng/ml were eligible for AS and 74% felt that patients required a Gleason score ≤6 for admitting to AS. There was agreement on the timing of second biopsies but, not for subsequent biopsies. 58% see a role for MRI in AS. Conclusions: Dutch urologists are accepting AS. They were in agreement regarding enrollment criteria, the best time for second biopsy, but there was no agreement on the timing of follow-up biopsies.
Active Surveillance Criteria for Prostate Cancer Amongst Dutch Urologists
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140205.14
Cancer Research Journal
2014-10-15
© Science Publishing Group
Erwin Hendrik Denies
Filip Weckx
Rob Schipper
Bart Schrier
Active Surveillance Criteria for Prostate Cancer Amongst Dutch Urologists
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5
101
101
2014-10-15
2014-10-15
10.11648/j.crj.20140205.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140205.14
© Science Publishing Group
Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis: A Case Report on a Patient with Concurrent Comorbidities in a Hospital of High Complexity in Fortaleza - CE-BR
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.11
Case report: Lung Cancer (LC) is associated with smoking. Wonders attention in people with lung cancer who also have increased risk of having pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). The chances of getting lung cancer among pulmonary tuberculosis increases compared to LC alone. Simultaneously or not can change the prognosis and survival of these patients. The objective of this case report is to highlight the characteristics and possibilities of patients with PT and LC, with simultaneous or sequential presentation outpatient tertiary Hospital / high complexity. Tuberculosis screening should be recommended prior to initiating immunosuppressive treatment of LC.
Case report: Lung Cancer (LC) is associated with smoking. Wonders attention in people with lung cancer who also have increased risk of having pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). The chances of getting lung cancer among pulmonary tuberculosis increases compared to LC alone. Simultaneously or not can change the prognosis and survival of these patients. The objective of this case report is to highlight the characteristics and possibilities of patients with PT and LC, with simultaneous or sequential presentation outpatient tertiary Hospital / high complexity. Tuberculosis screening should be recommended prior to initiating immunosuppressive treatment of LC.
Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis: A Case Report on a Patient with Concurrent Comorbidities in a Hospital of High Complexity in Fortaleza - CE-BR
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140206.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-10-18
© Science Publishing Group
Jose Aurillo Rocha
Filadelfia Passos Rodrigues Martins
Rosineli Leopoldino De Oliveira
Paulo Brito De Castro Figueira
Jose Dumas Ferreira Gomes
David Luniere Goncalves
Lung Cancer and Tuberculosis: A Case Report on a Patient with Concurrent Comorbidities in a Hospital of High Complexity in Fortaleza - CE-BR
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103
103
2014-10-18
2014-10-18
10.11648/j.crj.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Sensorineural Hearing Loss as an Exceptional Mode of Revelation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.12
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are responsible of a high mortality rate in many parts of the world. The clinical aspects of these cancers are various; they find their explanations in the ways of tumor extension. The knowledge of these expansion ways has been significantly modified by the addition of CT and MRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of nasopharyngeal carcinomas that manifested with sensorineural hearing loss as the first and unique symptom. We report the case of a 48 years old male Arab patient with an unusual mode of revelation of this cancer, he presented with sensorineural hearing loss. He had no other clinical manifestations. The patient was assessed for Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors, MRI rectified the diagnosis. The intracranial extension of nasopharyngeal carcinomas may be manifested by sensorineural hearing loss due to the auditory nerve damage and can be the first and the unique symptom of the disease. Imaging section (CT scan and MRI) is the cornerstone that can rectify the diagnosis.
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are responsible of a high mortality rate in many parts of the world. The clinical aspects of these cancers are various; they find their explanations in the ways of tumor extension. The knowledge of these expansion ways has been significantly modified by the addition of CT and MRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of nasopharyngeal carcinomas that manifested with sensorineural hearing loss as the first and unique symptom. We report the case of a 48 years old male Arab patient with an unusual mode of revelation of this cancer, he presented with sensorineural hearing loss. He had no other clinical manifestations. The patient was assessed for Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors, MRI rectified the diagnosis. The intracranial extension of nasopharyngeal carcinomas may be manifested by sensorineural hearing loss due to the auditory nerve damage and can be the first and the unique symptom of the disease. Imaging section (CT scan and MRI) is the cornerstone that can rectify the diagnosis.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss as an Exceptional Mode of Revelation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140206.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-11-18
© Science Publishing Group
Hind Temsamani
Ahmed Belkouch
Abdelilah Mouhsine
Ali Jahidi
Abdelghani El Fikri
Lahcen Belyamani
Fouad Benariba
Sensorineural Hearing Loss as an Exceptional Mode of Revelation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Report
2
6
107
107
2014-11-18
2014-11-18
10.11648/j.crj.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening among Female General Practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.13
Background: Breast cancer has been ranked as the 1st cancer in women in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Screening, early detection and proper treatment of Breast Cancer was associated with more chances of better prognosis and long-term survival. The role general practitioner’s role is to provide professional knowledge, skills and support for patients as well as their caregiver about screening and prevention. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge of Breast Cancer risk factors, beliefs, diagnosis and practice of Breast Self Examination, Clinical Breast Examination and mammography among female General Practitioners who are currently working in primary health care center in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among female physicians, currently working as General Practitioners in Primary Health Care centers were invited. Descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentage were calculated. Results: The majority (90%) of the respondents believed that Breast Cancer is a major health problem and 96% were aware of the importance of mammography as a screening method. But only 19% of the studied physicians requested mammogram as screening tool for women aged 40 years or more. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that knowledge about breast cancer screening was satisfactory and highlighted the need for the provision of continuing medical education programs to improve the general practitioners' practice on cancer screening tools.
Background: Breast cancer has been ranked as the 1st cancer in women in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Screening, early detection and proper treatment of Breast Cancer was associated with more chances of better prognosis and long-term survival. The role general practitioner’s role is to provide professional knowledge, skills and support for patients as well as their caregiver about screening and prevention. This study aimed to investigate the level of knowledge of Breast Cancer risk factors, beliefs, diagnosis and practice of Breast Self Examination, Clinical Breast Examination and mammography among female General Practitioners who are currently working in primary health care center in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among female physicians, currently working as General Practitioners in Primary Health Care centers were invited. Descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentage were calculated. Results: The majority (90%) of the respondents believed that Breast Cancer is a major health problem and 96% were aware of the importance of mammography as a screening method. But only 19% of the studied physicians requested mammogram as screening tool for women aged 40 years or more. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that knowledge about breast cancer screening was satisfactory and highlighted the need for the provision of continuing medical education programs to improve the general practitioners' practice on cancer screening tools.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening among Female General Practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140206.13
Cancer Research Journal
2014-11-27
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammed Yehia Saeedi
Fahad Al Amri
Ahmed Khair Ibrahim
Kassim Kassim
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening among Female General Practitioners in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2
6
113
113
2014-11-27
2014-11-27
10.11648/j.crj.20140206.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Impact of Middle Age on the Viability of Patients with Nonmalignant and Malignant Diseases
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.14
Deep myelosuppression, an officially sanctioned effect of non-selective cytotoxic cancer therapy, would be expected to be incompatible with mounting of a powerful host defense against spontaneous malignancy. To explore this theoretical difficulty, we used middle age as a natural model of a temporary decline in lymphocytopoiesis, caused by physiological thymus involution. The impact of middle age on the levels of death from nonmalignant and malignant diseases was analyzed retrospectively, using population health data from Europe (the European Network of Economic Policy Research Institutes, 1995); the UK (Statistics Team at the Cancer Research UK, and the Office for National Statistics cancer survival rates for 2007-2010), and the USA (National Center for Health Statistics, 1987-2007; National Vital Statistics System, 1999-2010; National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER], 1992-2010). The rate of death and survival used to check whether the vectors of middle age-specific changes of these parameters are opposite or coincident in cancer patients and those with certain non-malignant somatic diseases. According the temporary trend on a middle- age portion of plot, the curves were graded negative or positive (+ = viability is not change or goes up; - = viability goes down).Comparisons of aggregate data showed that middle age exerted opposite effects on the health of those with cancer and non-malignant diseases. In middle age, serious health conditions, such as some cancers, are easier to treat, but the overall quality of life is reduced by various morbidities, especially infections. The comparing of the impact of middle age on the viability of patients with nonmalignant and malignant diseases in alternative terms of immunity or morphogenesis leads to recognition of trophic contribution of thymus into tumor development. By analogy, we assume that use of cytotoxic therapy can exert indirect benefit, thus compromising hemato- lymphocytopoiesis.
Deep myelosuppression, an officially sanctioned effect of non-selective cytotoxic cancer therapy, would be expected to be incompatible with mounting of a powerful host defense against spontaneous malignancy. To explore this theoretical difficulty, we used middle age as a natural model of a temporary decline in lymphocytopoiesis, caused by physiological thymus involution. The impact of middle age on the levels of death from nonmalignant and malignant diseases was analyzed retrospectively, using population health data from Europe (the European Network of Economic Policy Research Institutes, 1995); the UK (Statistics Team at the Cancer Research UK, and the Office for National Statistics cancer survival rates for 2007-2010), and the USA (National Center for Health Statistics, 1987-2007; National Vital Statistics System, 1999-2010; National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER], 1992-2010). The rate of death and survival used to check whether the vectors of middle age-specific changes of these parameters are opposite or coincident in cancer patients and those with certain non-malignant somatic diseases. According the temporary trend on a middle- age portion of plot, the curves were graded negative or positive (+ = viability is not change or goes up; - = viability goes down).Comparisons of aggregate data showed that middle age exerted opposite effects on the health of those with cancer and non-malignant diseases. In middle age, serious health conditions, such as some cancers, are easier to treat, but the overall quality of life is reduced by various morbidities, especially infections. The comparing of the impact of middle age on the viability of patients with nonmalignant and malignant diseases in alternative terms of immunity or morphogenesis leads to recognition of trophic contribution of thymus into tumor development. By analogy, we assume that use of cytotoxic therapy can exert indirect benefit, thus compromising hemato- lymphocytopoiesis.
The Impact of Middle Age on the Viability of Patients with Nonmalignant and Malignant Diseases
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20140206.14
Cancer Research Journal
2014-12-03
© Science Publishing Group
Alexei N. Shoutko
Lyudmila P. Ekimova
The Impact of Middle Age on the Viability of Patients with Nonmalignant and Malignant Diseases
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120
120
2014-12-03
2014-12-03
10.11648/j.crj.20140206.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20140206.14
© Science Publishing Group
Colorful, Cute, Attractive and Carcinogenic: The Dangers of Dyes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.15
Azo dyes and their derivatives have been linked to cases of bladder, prostate, esophagus, rectum, stomach and ovary cancer. These dyes are quite common on food, however, several countries have revised its use and reassessed what are the acceptable concentrations of these pigments. Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine are two azo dyes allowed on food in many countries around the world, they are used for the preparation of gelatins, cake, juices, ready soft drinks, candies, chewing gum, snacks, crackers and etc. Among children and adolescents, the consumption of these foods is common, which can lead to high dye levels in the body. This study examined the concentration of Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine dyes in food consumed by children in Brazilian schools. The results indicated that high consumption of sweets tends to exceed the acceptable daily intake of dyes. Moreover, many products have levels above the allowed by the Brazilian legislation, which increases the risk of cancer.
Azo dyes and their derivatives have been linked to cases of bladder, prostate, esophagus, rectum, stomach and ovary cancer. These dyes are quite common on food, however, several countries have revised its use and reassessed what are the acceptable concentrations of these pigments. Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine are two azo dyes allowed on food in many countries around the world, they are used for the preparation of gelatins, cake, juices, ready soft drinks, candies, chewing gum, snacks, crackers and etc. Among children and adolescents, the consumption of these foods is common, which can lead to high dye levels in the body. This study examined the concentration of Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine dyes in food consumed by children in Brazilian schools. The results indicated that high consumption of sweets tends to exceed the acceptable daily intake of dyes. Moreover, many products have levels above the allowed by the Brazilian legislation, which increases the risk of cancer.
Colorful, Cute, Attractive and Carcinogenic: The Dangers of Dyes
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.15
Cancer Research Journal
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Durinézio José de Almeida
Gabriela Datsch Bennemann
Camila Cristina Bianchi
Guilherme Barroso L. de Freitas
Colorful, Cute, Attractive and Carcinogenic: The Dangers of Dyes
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48
48
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.15
© Science Publishing Group
Can Capsaicin Present in Food Act as Carcinogenic, Antitumor or Both
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.14
Pepper is amongst the most widely consumed spices in the world. However, what few people know, is that the pungent substance responsible for its blazing characteristic has many other biological properties, e.g. analgesic, antiinflammatory, antitumor and even carcinogenic. Several studies have discussed the antitumor and carcinogenic potential of this secondary metabolite. Nevertheless, the literature still lacks a comprehensive study relating the biological effects of capsaicin with the consumed dose, for both pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms. To solve this deficiency, the aim of this study was to discuss in details all the points mentioned above, in order to clarify the major questions about the subject.
Pepper is amongst the most widely consumed spices in the world. However, what few people know, is that the pungent substance responsible for its blazing characteristic has many other biological properties, e.g. analgesic, antiinflammatory, antitumor and even carcinogenic. Several studies have discussed the antitumor and carcinogenic potential of this secondary metabolite. Nevertheless, the literature still lacks a comprehensive study relating the biological effects of capsaicin with the consumed dose, for both pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms. To solve this deficiency, the aim of this study was to discuss in details all the points mentioned above, in order to clarify the major questions about the subject.
Can Capsaicin Present in Food Act as Carcinogenic, Antitumor or Both
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.14
Cancer Research Journal
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
Najeh Maissar Khalil
Iara José de Messias-Reason
Can Capsaicin Present in Food Act as Carcinogenic, Antitumor or Both
2
6
41
41
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.14
© Science Publishing Group
Risks and Forms of Cancer Associated with Alcohol Consumption
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.13
Although alcohol has been considered a carcinogenic agent for a long time, there still was a lot of controversy about many questions on the role of alcohol in several types of cancer. During the last few years some studies have been trying to address these many issues and the understanding about this topic has greatly increased. Some of these data have been gathered and highlighted in this review as a way to demonstrate if and/or how alcohol consumption, in combination or not with other unsafe lifestyle habits, in fact represents a risk factor for some cancer types that it has been associated with.
Although alcohol has been considered a carcinogenic agent for a long time, there still was a lot of controversy about many questions on the role of alcohol in several types of cancer. During the last few years some studies have been trying to address these many issues and the understanding about this topic has greatly increased. Some of these data have been gathered and highlighted in this review as a way to demonstrate if and/or how alcohol consumption, in combination or not with other unsafe lifestyle habits, in fact represents a risk factor for some cancer types that it has been associated with.
Risks and Forms of Cancer Associated with Alcohol Consumption
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.13
Cancer Research Journal
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Rodolfo do Couto Maia
Risks and Forms of Cancer Associated with Alcohol Consumption
2
6
33
33
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.13
© Science Publishing Group
Involvement of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.11
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is a virus belonging to the human Polyomavirus family. After its discovery and detection in approximately 80% of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) tumors, it has been associated with this rare and aggressive skin cancer that primarily affects elderly and immunosuppressed people. In this study, a systematic review was developed to gather and evidence information about the involvement of MCV infection in the development of MCC. An analysis was performed in the PubMed database in order to find articles to answer the purpose of this present study. Ninety-seven articles met the criteria, forty-six of them investigated the prevalence of MCV in MCC clinical samples, and all showed that the MCV-MCC association exists, with the viral presence ranging from 18 to 100% in MCC tumors. In addition, results pointing to the MCV potential carcinogenic, infection, transmission and replication mechanisms, or even possible disease markers or therapeutic evaluations were found. Current literature has demonstrated frequent involvement of MCV in MCC, with survey of some disease indicative laboratory markers and possible therapeutic evaluations.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is a virus belonging to the human Polyomavirus family. After its discovery and detection in approximately 80% of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) tumors, it has been associated with this rare and aggressive skin cancer that primarily affects elderly and immunosuppressed people. In this study, a systematic review was developed to gather and evidence information about the involvement of MCV infection in the development of MCC. An analysis was performed in the PubMed database in order to find articles to answer the purpose of this present study. Ninety-seven articles met the criteria, forty-six of them investigated the prevalence of MCV in MCC clinical samples, and all showed that the MCV-MCC association exists, with the viral presence ranging from 18 to 100% in MCC tumors. In addition, results pointing to the MCV potential carcinogenic, infection, transmission and replication mechanisms, or even possible disease markers or therapeutic evaluations were found. Current literature has demonstrated frequent involvement of MCV in MCC, with survey of some disease indicative laboratory markers and possible therapeutic evaluations.
Involvement of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.11
Cancer Research Journal
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Fernando Seiji Morais
Caio Santos Bonilha
Emerson Carraro
Involvement of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
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6
10
10
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.11
© Science Publishing Group
Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activation of specific metabolic pathways during and after the exercises results in the formation of free radicals. Exhausting physical exercises of high intensity elevate the risk of diseases, like pulmonary emphysemas, inflammation, aging and increased risk of damage in the DNA with consequent carcinogenesis. The excessive elevation of free radicals without the optimal accompaniment of antioxidants induces a psychopathological stage known as oxidative stress, which generates lipids, damages to proteins and to the DNA, becoming cytotoxic or causing changes in the cellular functions and even in the tissues. This is a common occurrence in drug users, overexposure to environmental factors such as sun light, metabolic alterations originated from obesity or diabetes, and even physical exercises. There is general agreement that physical training and adequate alimentation, besides protecting against some types of cancer, increases the aspects of anti-tumor immunity and reduces inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that the prophylactic effect of the exercise can be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the regular practice of exercises, through the reduction of visceral fat and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. This study had as objective to demonstrate the importance of a well targeted training, for the performance of physical activities in an adequate intensity associated to antioxidant supplementation, in order to prevent excessive physical wear and appearing of oxidative stress.
The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activation of specific metabolic pathways during and after the exercises results in the formation of free radicals. Exhausting physical exercises of high intensity elevate the risk of diseases, like pulmonary emphysemas, inflammation, aging and increased risk of damage in the DNA with consequent carcinogenesis. The excessive elevation of free radicals without the optimal accompaniment of antioxidants induces a psychopathological stage known as oxidative stress, which generates lipids, damages to proteins and to the DNA, becoming cytotoxic or causing changes in the cellular functions and even in the tissues. This is a common occurrence in drug users, overexposure to environmental factors such as sun light, metabolic alterations originated from obesity or diabetes, and even physical exercises. There is general agreement that physical training and adequate alimentation, besides protecting against some types of cancer, increases the aspects of anti-tumor immunity and reduces inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that the prophylactic effect of the exercise can be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the regular practice of exercises, through the reduction of visceral fat and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. This study had as objective to demonstrate the importance of a well targeted training, for the performance of physical activities in an adequate intensity associated to antioxidant supplementation, in order to prevent excessive physical wear and appearing of oxidative stress.
Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
Cancer Research Journal
2015-01-27
© Science Publishing Group
Bruno Tratz
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours
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6
63
63
2015-01-27
2015-01-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.17
© Science Publishing Group
The Risk of Relationship between Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.16
Menopause is an endocrine condition due to the decline in ovarian activity, which occurs in all women and is characterized as a progressive hypoestrogenism. To minimize damage from lack hormonal activity, hormone replacement therapy has been developed (TRH), which is widely used around the world, often without criteria pre-established. Thus, this study aims to identify hormonal therapies used postmenopausal and relate them to the development of tumors. In addition, identify the criteria for the use of HRT, the utilization time and women who are part of the risk groups are also objectives of this study. In the beginning, the clinical methodology of HRT included only estrogen, but epidemiological studies have observed that the progestin presence is essential in endometrial hyperplasia control adding to the therapy. Progestogens act depending on its molecular structure, and consequently selectivity, or may interact with other steroid receptors. From this interaction, different pharmacodynamic answers about importance in the development of tumors can be observed, ie, progesterone activity, estrogen, antiestrogen, androgen and / or antiandrogen. In view of the mechanism of carcinogen administration of estrogens, it can be said that HRT increases the risk of breast, uterus and ovary cancer. However, the estrogenic actions may be adjusted when there is administration of progestin drugs and with antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic actions. Given this, in menopausal women, it is advisable to trace gynecological cancer, before, during and after any therapeutic interventions, and the decision of using and the choice of HRT on an individual basis, through a careful assessment of signs and symptoms and long-term risk.
Menopause is an endocrine condition due to the decline in ovarian activity, which occurs in all women and is characterized as a progressive hypoestrogenism. To minimize damage from lack hormonal activity, hormone replacement therapy has been developed (TRH), which is widely used around the world, often without criteria pre-established. Thus, this study aims to identify hormonal therapies used postmenopausal and relate them to the development of tumors. In addition, identify the criteria for the use of HRT, the utilization time and women who are part of the risk groups are also objectives of this study. In the beginning, the clinical methodology of HRT included only estrogen, but epidemiological studies have observed that the progestin presence is essential in endometrial hyperplasia control adding to the therapy. Progestogens act depending on its molecular structure, and consequently selectivity, or may interact with other steroid receptors. From this interaction, different pharmacodynamic answers about importance in the development of tumors can be observed, ie, progesterone activity, estrogen, antiestrogen, androgen and / or antiandrogen. In view of the mechanism of carcinogen administration of estrogens, it can be said that HRT increases the risk of breast, uterus and ovary cancer. However, the estrogenic actions may be adjusted when there is administration of progestin drugs and with antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic actions. Given this, in menopausal women, it is advisable to trace gynecological cancer, before, during and after any therapeutic interventions, and the decision of using and the choice of HRT on an individual basis, through a careful assessment of signs and symptoms and long-term risk.
The Risk of Relationship between Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.16
Cancer Research Journal
2015-01-27
© Science Publishing Group
Thiele Osvaldt Rosales
Iara Patrícia Albrecht
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
The Risk of Relationship between Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Cancer
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56
56
2015-01-27
2015-01-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.16
© Science Publishing Group
New Treatments for Chagas Disease and the Relationship between Chagasic Patients and Cancers
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.12
Chagas disease is an infectious illness with a broad distribution throughout the South American and African continents, importantly influencing human morbidity and mortality and a controversial relationship with the onset of cancers, especially of the gastrointestinal tract system. In addition, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one ofthe most neglected tropical diseases. Although Chagas disease (CD) was discovered more than 100 years ago, the existing therapies show low efficacy and serious side effects and developing safer and more effective drugs remains a hard challenge. Thus, this review highlights the main, novel and promising treatments against Trypanosoma cruzi, including biomacromolecules, natural products, vaccines, and metabolic pathway targets and highlights a worsening of esophageal cancer prognosis in chagasic patients. Moreover, we also discuss the perspectives of obtaining original optimized drugs that take advantage of organic and inorganic medicinal chemistry advances, as well as molecular modeling and biotechnology.
Chagas disease is an infectious illness with a broad distribution throughout the South American and African continents, importantly influencing human morbidity and mortality and a controversial relationship with the onset of cancers, especially of the gastrointestinal tract system. In addition, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one ofthe most neglected tropical diseases. Although Chagas disease (CD) was discovered more than 100 years ago, the existing therapies show low efficacy and serious side effects and developing safer and more effective drugs remains a hard challenge. Thus, this review highlights the main, novel and promising treatments against Trypanosoma cruzi, including biomacromolecules, natural products, vaccines, and metabolic pathway targets and highlights a worsening of esophageal cancer prognosis in chagasic patients. Moreover, we also discuss the perspectives of obtaining original optimized drugs that take advantage of organic and inorganic medicinal chemistry advances, as well as molecular modeling and biotechnology.
New Treatments for Chagas Disease and the Relationship between Chagasic Patients and Cancers
doi:10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.12
Cancer Research Journal
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Viviane M. de Oliveira
Luana T. Mendes
Durinézio J. Almeida
Lucas V. B. Hoelz
Pedro H. M. Torres
Pedro Geraldo Pascutti
Guilherme Barroso L. de Freitas
New Treatments for Chagas Disease and the Relationship between Chagasic Patients and Cancers
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2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.s.2014020601.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Role of Communication in Cancer Management
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150301.11
Background: Cancer management is increasingly being delivered within a multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment, involving several highly skilled professionals. There is therefore a good indication of the importance of good and effective communication skills within these collaborative care teams. Aim: The study examined the process of communication, information transfer and collaboration among the MDT in cancer management. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey using a semi structured questionnaire was administered to Forty five (45) multidisciplinary health professionals. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 18.0 and discussions were based on the responses from the participants. Results: More than half (54.5%) of the respondents used verbal communication whiles 31.8% described telephone as the most difficult mode of communication for them. Lack of additional education in communication skills was identified among 75% of the respondents. There were 29.5% of the respondents who indicated that Staff especially the seniors show disrespect to the juniors. In all, 34 % of the participants had no idea about whether protocols or guidelines in communication existed. Conclusion: There was a high level collaboration level among the MDT involved in the management of cancer. Most of these professionals however, had no further education in communication skills and several recommendations were on In-Service Trainings be organize for the various disciplines on regular basis for all the staff.
Background: Cancer management is increasingly being delivered within a multidisciplinary team (MDT) environment, involving several highly skilled professionals. There is therefore a good indication of the importance of good and effective communication skills within these collaborative care teams. Aim: The study examined the process of communication, information transfer and collaboration among the MDT in cancer management. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey using a semi structured questionnaire was administered to Forty five (45) multidisciplinary health professionals. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 18.0 and discussions were based on the responses from the participants. Results: More than half (54.5%) of the respondents used verbal communication whiles 31.8% described telephone as the most difficult mode of communication for them. Lack of additional education in communication skills was identified among 75% of the respondents. There were 29.5% of the respondents who indicated that Staff especially the seniors show disrespect to the juniors. In all, 34 % of the participants had no idea about whether protocols or guidelines in communication existed. Conclusion: There was a high level collaboration level among the MDT involved in the management of cancer. Most of these professionals however, had no further education in communication skills and several recommendations were on In-Service Trainings be organize for the various disciplines on regular basis for all the staff.
The Role of Communication in Cancer Management
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150301.11
Cancer Research Journal
2015-01-30
© Science Publishing Group
Kofi Adesi Kyei
William Kwadwo Antwi
Michael Osei
Lawrence Arthur
James Newlife Kwadzo Gawugah
The Role of Communication in Cancer Management
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5
5
2015-01-30
2015-01-30
10.11648/j.crj.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Novel Strategy of a Method to Cure from the Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150301.12
Cancer is a reaction mechanism which is only created to eliminate severe damage and dangerous occur in the cells, when the immune system of the body falls to cure the damage. The action of the cancer is, only, ended when a direct, right and simple treatment method is applied to cure the previous diseases which caused the cancer, but not to treating the cancer itself.
Cancer is a reaction mechanism which is only created to eliminate severe damage and dangerous occur in the cells, when the immune system of the body falls to cure the damage. The action of the cancer is, only, ended when a direct, right and simple treatment method is applied to cure the previous diseases which caused the cancer, but not to treating the cancer itself.
Novel Strategy of a Method to Cure from the Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150301.12
Cancer Research Journal
2015-01-30
© Science Publishing Group
Adnan Yousif Rojeab
Novel Strategy of a Method to Cure from the Cancer
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2015-01-30
2015-01-30
10.11648/j.crj.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Retaining ALK Rearrangement in Cultured Circulating Tumor Cells Derived from Lung Cancer Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150301.13
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells that have shed into the bloodstream from primary tumor, and potentiallyprovidea tool for the better understanding of tumor metastasis and noninvasive monitoring of the disease progression. However their isolation and characterization has been a major technological challenge due to their rareness. Here, we suggest the CTC culture as an effective method to obtain CTCs sufficient in numberfor molecular analysis of original tumor characteristics. We isolated and successfully cultured the CTCs from four lung cancer patients, and then analyzed those cells for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) fusion using real-time PCR method, and confirmed that the cultured CTCs have retained thefusion the same as those found in primary tumors. These results suggest that the isolation and culture of CTCs can be a substitutive method for tumor tissue biopsy, and may provide practically useful clinical applications, such as personalized cancer therapy based on their genomic information through serial blood samplings from the cancer patients.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cells that have shed into the bloodstream from primary tumor, and potentiallyprovidea tool for the better understanding of tumor metastasis and noninvasive monitoring of the disease progression. However their isolation and characterization has been a major technological challenge due to their rareness. Here, we suggest the CTC culture as an effective method to obtain CTCs sufficient in numberfor molecular analysis of original tumor characteristics. We isolated and successfully cultured the CTCs from four lung cancer patients, and then analyzed those cells for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) fusion using real-time PCR method, and confirmed that the cultured CTCs have retained thefusion the same as those found in primary tumors. These results suggest that the isolation and culture of CTCs can be a substitutive method for tumor tissue biopsy, and may provide practically useful clinical applications, such as personalized cancer therapy based on their genomic information through serial blood samplings from the cancer patients.
Retaining ALK Rearrangement in Cultured Circulating Tumor Cells Derived from Lung Cancer Patients
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150301.13
Cancer Research Journal
2015-02-25
© Science Publishing Group
Eunjoo Hwang
Dong-Hyoung Lee
Ji-hyun Uh
Duyeol Han
Myoung Shin Kim
Sung Ho Choi
JooKyung Park
Byung Hee Jeon
Jinseon Lee
Se-Hoon Lee
Retaining ALK Rearrangement in Cultured Circulating Tumor Cells Derived from Lung Cancer Patients
3
1
16
16
2015-02-25
2015-02-25
10.11648/j.crj.20150301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150301.13
© Science Publishing Group
Osteopontin Gene Expression is Inversely Regulate 5-Fluorouracil Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150302.13
Background: Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs complicates the treatment of cancer patients. The extracellular matrix protein osteopontin (OPN) plays multiple roles in the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. We therefore attempted to determine whether OPN expression correlated with drug resistance. Methods: OPN expression in the HCT 116 colon cancer cell line was inhibited by an OPN-short interfering RNA (siRNA). We determined the cytotoxic effect (IC50) of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) on these cells. Patients with recurrence or colorectal cancer or harbored residual tumor cells were treated with S-1-based chemotherapy. The levels of OPN mRNA expression in the tumors were determined and compared with the patients’ responses to chemotherapy. Results: The IC50 of 5FU for HCT 116 cells transfected with the OPN-siRNA was 32.9 μM. In contrast, the IC50 values for cells transfected with a negative control siRNA, mock-transfected cells, or untreated cells were 6.58 μM, 7.08 μM, and 6.76 μM, respectively (P<0.001). The level of OPN mRNA expression in the S-1 non-responder group was significantly lower than that of the responder group (P = 0.0387). Survival analysis revealed no significant difference between the responder and non-responder groups (P = 0.8737). Conclusions: The level of OPN expression plays a role in the resistance of colorectal tumor cells to 5FU.
Background: Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs complicates the treatment of cancer patients. The extracellular matrix protein osteopontin (OPN) plays multiple roles in the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. We therefore attempted to determine whether OPN expression correlated with drug resistance. Methods: OPN expression in the HCT 116 colon cancer cell line was inhibited by an OPN-short interfering RNA (siRNA). We determined the cytotoxic effect (IC50) of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) on these cells. Patients with recurrence or colorectal cancer or harbored residual tumor cells were treated with S-1-based chemotherapy. The levels of OPN mRNA expression in the tumors were determined and compared with the patients’ responses to chemotherapy. Results: The IC50 of 5FU for HCT 116 cells transfected with the OPN-siRNA was 32.9 μM. In contrast, the IC50 values for cells transfected with a negative control siRNA, mock-transfected cells, or untreated cells were 6.58 μM, 7.08 μM, and 6.76 μM, respectively (P<0.001). The level of OPN mRNA expression in the S-1 non-responder group was significantly lower than that of the responder group (P = 0.0387). Survival analysis revealed no significant difference between the responder and non-responder groups (P = 0.8737). Conclusions: The level of OPN expression plays a role in the resistance of colorectal tumor cells to 5FU.
Osteopontin Gene Expression is Inversely Regulate 5-Fluorouracil Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150302.13
Cancer Research Journal
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
Go Nakajima
Kazuhiko Hayashi
Masakazu Yamamoto
Osteopontin Gene Expression is Inversely Regulate 5-Fluorouracil Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer
3
2
46
46
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.crj.20150302.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150302.13
© Science Publishing Group
Association of Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalse, and Xanthine Oxidase with Incidence of Bladder Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150302.11
Background: Emerging evidence indicates a potential role of anti-oxidant enzymes in the prevention of bladder cancer. Aims: This study assessed the correlation between the anti-oxidative enzymes with bladder cancer incidence. The present study was aimed to estimate the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and xanthine oxidase in patients to perform a comprehensive analysis of bladder cancer antioxidant capacity. These parameters were correlated with other confounding factors age, gender, smoking, grade, stage, and tumor size and find out the correlation between all studied parameters to clarify the potential link between antioxidant enzymes expression and disease progression or metastatic dissemination. Method: This case control study was done at College of Pharmacy/Hawler Medical University in period between 15/4/2013 and 15/ 4/2014 on 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer of both genders (48 men and 2 women) with a mean age 65.12 ±10.23 years, and an equal number of matched gender–age (47 men and 3 women ) apparently healthy adults were also enrolled in this study with a mean age 62 ±9.593 years. The antioxidant enzymes were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 18.0. Results: There were a significant reduction in the serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase levels and a significant elevation in the serum xanthine oxidase level, there were no significant age differences between all age categories regarding all studied parameters except, xanthine oxidase levels, there were a significant differences between two age categories 60-69 and 70, p=0.023, there were significant differences between two age categories ˂ 60 and 60-69 regarding tumor size p= 0.042, there were no significant effect of smoking, grade and stage on the serum studied parameters levels. There were no signification correlation coefficient between all studied parameters. Conclusions: These findings supported the concept that significant reduction in the serum super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels accompanied with significant elevation in the serum xanthine oxidase level might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors in bladder cancer. This investigation therefore focused on the measurement of variables indicative of imbalances in oxidative and anti-oxidative status. Variations in antioxidant enzyme activities might be a potentially important finding as an additional diagnostic biochemical tool for BC .These findings suggest possible use of antioxidant supplementation as prophylactic agents for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
Background: Emerging evidence indicates a potential role of anti-oxidant enzymes in the prevention of bladder cancer. Aims: This study assessed the correlation between the anti-oxidative enzymes with bladder cancer incidence. The present study was aimed to estimate the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and xanthine oxidase in patients to perform a comprehensive analysis of bladder cancer antioxidant capacity. These parameters were correlated with other confounding factors age, gender, smoking, grade, stage, and tumor size and find out the correlation between all studied parameters to clarify the potential link between antioxidant enzymes expression and disease progression or metastatic dissemination. Method: This case control study was done at College of Pharmacy/Hawler Medical University in period between 15/4/2013 and 15/ 4/2014 on 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer of both genders (48 men and 2 women) with a mean age 65.12 ±10.23 years, and an equal number of matched gender–age (47 men and 3 women ) apparently healthy adults were also enrolled in this study with a mean age 62 ±9.593 years. The antioxidant enzymes were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 18.0. Results: There were a significant reduction in the serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase levels and a significant elevation in the serum xanthine oxidase level, there were no significant age differences between all age categories regarding all studied parameters except, xanthine oxidase levels, there were a significant differences between two age categories 60-69 and 70, p=0.023, there were significant differences between two age categories ˂ 60 and 60-69 regarding tumor size p= 0.042, there were no significant effect of smoking, grade and stage on the serum studied parameters levels. There were no signification correlation coefficient between all studied parameters. Conclusions: These findings supported the concept that significant reduction in the serum super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels accompanied with significant elevation in the serum xanthine oxidase level might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors in bladder cancer. This investigation therefore focused on the measurement of variables indicative of imbalances in oxidative and anti-oxidative status. Variations in antioxidant enzyme activities might be a potentially important finding as an additional diagnostic biochemical tool for BC .These findings suggest possible use of antioxidant supplementation as prophylactic agents for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
Association of Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalse, and Xanthine Oxidase with Incidence of Bladder Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150302.11
Cancer Research Journal
2015-03-23
© Science Publishing Group
Shatha Rouf Moustafa
Association of Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalse, and Xanthine Oxidase with Incidence of Bladder Cancer
3
2
27
27
2015-03-23
2015-03-23
10.11648/j.crj.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
Backgroundand Objectives: Bladder cancer is considered a major problem world wide. Aberrant P53, mutant vascular endothelial growth factor and deregulated expression of survivin were used as biochemical markers for investigation, prognosis and follow up. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic impact of altered expressions of these parameters in Erbil population with bladder cancer and correlated with other confounding factors age, gender and smoking effects, these factors also correlated with histopathologic characteristics such as grade and stage. Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer, in addition 50 apparently healthy adults age – sex matched were also involved in this study. Serum parameters levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Patients had these general criteria, newly discovered cases, no deep x-ray therapy, no chemotherapy, no hormonal therapy with histologic and cytologic confirmation of bladder cancer. Statistical Study: Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 18. Results: The mean serum P53,vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin levels in patient and control groups were P53= 1.682 ±0.665, 1.192 ± 0.284, vascular endothelial growth factor = 5.296 ±2.8, 2.000 ±0.704 and survivin = 5.468±0.715, 4.240±0.656 respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that, serum parameters levels were significantly increased in patients as compared with control group p< 0.001. Conclusion: Data revealed for the first time the relation between altered expressions of interested parameters in combination pattern with the incidence of bladder cancer in Erbil population, which has not previously reported in this region.This study tested the hypothesis and supported the concept that higher serum levels of these parameters might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors and a markers of tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer. Early diagnosis is necessary for maximizing the rate of therapy. The gold standard care for the investigating of bladder cancer is cystoscopy which detects tumors accurately but it is invasive, expensive, and represents a high burden to the patients, and also, small papillary and flat-growing cancer may be missed. Regular cystoscopic examinations performed for monitoring the patients, because the recurrent rate is high. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possibilities for replacing cystoscopy with more accurate, safe, no expensive, noninvasive diagnostic test and to recognize a new approach for providing opportunities for early detection which is an important goal to speed up the therapy of patients.
Backgroundand Objectives: Bladder cancer is considered a major problem world wide. Aberrant P53, mutant vascular endothelial growth factor and deregulated expression of survivin were used as biochemical markers for investigation, prognosis and follow up. Aims: This study was conducted to assess the prognostic impact of altered expressions of these parameters in Erbil population with bladder cancer and correlated with other confounding factors age, gender and smoking effects, these factors also correlated with histopathologic characteristics such as grade and stage. Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 50 newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer, in addition 50 apparently healthy adults age – sex matched were also involved in this study. Serum parameters levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Patients had these general criteria, newly discovered cases, no deep x-ray therapy, no chemotherapy, no hormonal therapy with histologic and cytologic confirmation of bladder cancer. Statistical Study: Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 18. Results: The mean serum P53,vascular endothelial growth factor and survivin levels in patient and control groups were P53= 1.682 ±0.665, 1.192 ± 0.284, vascular endothelial growth factor = 5.296 ±2.8, 2.000 ±0.704 and survivin = 5.468±0.715, 4.240±0.656 respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that, serum parameters levels were significantly increased in patients as compared with control group p< 0.001. Conclusion: Data revealed for the first time the relation between altered expressions of interested parameters in combination pattern with the incidence of bladder cancer in Erbil population, which has not previously reported in this region.This study tested the hypothesis and supported the concept that higher serum levels of these parameters might be a pathogenic and prognostic factors and a markers of tumor aggressiveness in bladder cancer. Early diagnosis is necessary for maximizing the rate of therapy. The gold standard care for the investigating of bladder cancer is cystoscopy which detects tumors accurately but it is invasive, expensive, and represents a high burden to the patients, and also, small papillary and flat-growing cancer may be missed. Regular cystoscopic examinations performed for monitoring the patients, because the recurrent rate is high. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possibilities for replacing cystoscopy with more accurate, safe, no expensive, noninvasive diagnostic test and to recognize a new approach for providing opportunities for early detection which is an important goal to speed up the therapy of patients.
Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
Cancer Research Journal
2015-03-31
© Science Publishing Group
Ahmed Nabeel Ahmed
Shatha Rouf Moustafa
Clinical Utility of Altered Expressions of P53,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Survivin in Patients with Bladder Cancer
3
2
41
41
2015-03-31
2015-03-31
10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
Lymphocytopenia and Cytotoxic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150303.11
The relationship between 5-year survival and the mean number of circulating lymphocytes during 1 month after beginning a combined therapy was investigated in 175 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer to understand why myelosuppression caused by a cytotoxic treatment is almost inseparable from its benefit. Patients received a combined therapy consisting of primary cytoreductive surgery followed by different systemic treatments according to three schemes: conventional chemotherapy with cisplatinum and cyclophosphanum (CP), conventional chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatinum (TP), or lower-half body irradiation (LHBI). The TP scheme included premedication with dexamethasone. The LHBI involve irradiation with a total dose of 9 Gy (3 Gy daily) in patients with primary disease. LHBI with a total dose of 1 Gy (0.1 Gy daily) was used for patients with primary disease or relapse. The LHBI treatment included five final courses of thiophosphamide/5-fluorouracil for patients with primary cancer or conventional local radiotherapy up to a total dose of 30 Gy (2 Gy daily) for relapsed patients. Survival curves were analyzed by exponential approximation, and 5-year exponential mortality rates were calculated. The mortality rates were compared with the relative decline in the mean number of circulating lymphocytes after 1 month of therapy. If pretreatment lymphocytopenia did not exceed 0.7 109 cells /L, a linear dependency of the exponential death rate from the relative deviation of cells in the range of 1.16 to 0.7 (p < 0.001) was observed. The inevitable side effect of cytotoxic cancer therapy in the form of lymphocytopenia sheds doubt on the actual existence of effective antineoplastic immunity; however, it provides a logical background of the morphogenic function of some circulating mononuclear cells in relation to proliferating tissues, including malignant tissues.
The relationship between 5-year survival and the mean number of circulating lymphocytes during 1 month after beginning a combined therapy was investigated in 175 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer to understand why myelosuppression caused by a cytotoxic treatment is almost inseparable from its benefit. Patients received a combined therapy consisting of primary cytoreductive surgery followed by different systemic treatments according to three schemes: conventional chemotherapy with cisplatinum and cyclophosphanum (CP), conventional chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatinum (TP), or lower-half body irradiation (LHBI). The TP scheme included premedication with dexamethasone. The LHBI involve irradiation with a total dose of 9 Gy (3 Gy daily) in patients with primary disease. LHBI with a total dose of 1 Gy (0.1 Gy daily) was used for patients with primary disease or relapse. The LHBI treatment included five final courses of thiophosphamide/5-fluorouracil for patients with primary cancer or conventional local radiotherapy up to a total dose of 30 Gy (2 Gy daily) for relapsed patients. Survival curves were analyzed by exponential approximation, and 5-year exponential mortality rates were calculated. The mortality rates were compared with the relative decline in the mean number of circulating lymphocytes after 1 month of therapy. If pretreatment lymphocytopenia did not exceed 0.7 109 cells /L, a linear dependency of the exponential death rate from the relative deviation of cells in the range of 1.16 to 0.7 (p < 0.001) was observed. The inevitable side effect of cytotoxic cancer therapy in the form of lymphocytopenia sheds doubt on the actual existence of effective antineoplastic immunity; however, it provides a logical background of the morphogenic function of some circulating mononuclear cells in relation to proliferating tissues, including malignant tissues.
Lymphocytopenia and Cytotoxic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150303.11
Cancer Research Journal
2015-05-12
© Science Publishing Group
Alexei N. Shoutko
Ludmila E. Yurkova
Kseniya S. Borodulya
Ludmila P. Ekimova
Lymphocytopenia and Cytotoxic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer
3
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51
51
2015-05-12
2015-05-12
10.11648/j.crj.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
Cell Migration Induced by Native Type IV Collagen Requires PI3K/Akt2 and EGFR Activity in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150303.12
Basement membrane (BM) is a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates epithelial cells from surrounding stroma and regulates various biological processes including morphology, growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. Type IV collagen is the major component of BM, provides structural framework of all BMs and interacts with cell surface receptors including integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). The DDRs are receptor tyrosine kinases that get activated by collagens in their native triple-helical form and present sustained and slow activation kinetics. Particularly, DDR1 signaling mediates differentiation, immune response, migration and wound healing. However, the signal transduction pathways involved in cell migration induced by native IV collagen in breast cancer cells has been poorly studied. Here we demonstrate that native type IV collagen induces Akt2 and FAK activation through a DDR1, PI3K and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In addition, cell migration induced by native type IV collagen requires PI3K, Akt2 and EGFR activity, whereas collagen IV also induces NFκB-DNA binding activity through a DDR1, PI3K, Akt2 and EGFR-dependent pathway. In summary, we demonstrate that migration induced by native type IV collagen requires PI3K/Akt2 and EGFR activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Basement membrane (BM) is a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates epithelial cells from surrounding stroma and regulates various biological processes including morphology, growth, differentiation, adhesion and motility. Type IV collagen is the major component of BM, provides structural framework of all BMs and interacts with cell surface receptors including integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). The DDRs are receptor tyrosine kinases that get activated by collagens in their native triple-helical form and present sustained and slow activation kinetics. Particularly, DDR1 signaling mediates differentiation, immune response, migration and wound healing. However, the signal transduction pathways involved in cell migration induced by native IV collagen in breast cancer cells has been poorly studied. Here we demonstrate that native type IV collagen induces Akt2 and FAK activation through a DDR1, PI3K and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In addition, cell migration induced by native type IV collagen requires PI3K, Akt2 and EGFR activity, whereas collagen IV also induces NFκB-DNA binding activity through a DDR1, PI3K, Akt2 and EGFR-dependent pathway. In summary, we demonstrate that migration induced by native type IV collagen requires PI3K/Akt2 and EGFR activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Cell Migration Induced by Native Type IV Collagen Requires PI3K/Akt2 and EGFR Activity in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150303.12
Cancer Research Journal
2015-06-16
© Science Publishing Group
Emmanuel Reyes-Uribe
Octavio Galindo-Hernandez
Pedro Cortes-Reynosa
Eduardo Perez Salazar
Cell Migration Induced by Native Type IV Collagen Requires PI3K/Akt2 and EGFR Activity in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
3
3
62
62
2015-06-16
2015-06-16
10.11648/j.crj.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is the resultant of multistep processes caused by the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. The different therapeutic strategies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, used individually or in different combinations, do not remove tumors or their progression all the time. Besides, these procedures involve surrounding cells and tissues. In case of surgery, which is possible only before metastasis, even a single cancer cell left out during surgery, cause further cancer. Focus has been laid in developing agents that could specifically target the cancer cells and leave out the remaining normal cells. This also attempt at total recovery. This was how the focus was laid on viral agents. Over the last two decades, due to various advancements in molecular biology, virotherapy has seen various developments. A special class of viruses called oncolytic viruses have been used as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. These agents have various inherent and engineered factors like enhanced tissue tropism, thereby providing high selectivity; armed with transgenes to deliver therapeutic genes and to perform tumor selective replication, all these factors proving them improved and evolved mechanisms, when compared with other cancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses provide greater protection in association with herbal remedies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed account of some of the current observations, developments and insights made in the field of oncolytic virotherapy for targeting colorectal cancer cells. A panel of five oncolytic viruses i.e. adenovirus, herpes virus, reovirus, vaccinia virus and new castle disease virus that are under clinical studies for targeting colorectal cancer cells have been discussed.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and lethal cancers worldwide. It is the resultant of multistep processes caused by the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic aberrations. The different therapeutic strategies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, used individually or in different combinations, do not remove tumors or their progression all the time. Besides, these procedures involve surrounding cells and tissues. In case of surgery, which is possible only before metastasis, even a single cancer cell left out during surgery, cause further cancer. Focus has been laid in developing agents that could specifically target the cancer cells and leave out the remaining normal cells. This also attempt at total recovery. This was how the focus was laid on viral agents. Over the last two decades, due to various advancements in molecular biology, virotherapy has seen various developments. A special class of viruses called oncolytic viruses have been used as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. These agents have various inherent and engineered factors like enhanced tissue tropism, thereby providing high selectivity; armed with transgenes to deliver therapeutic genes and to perform tumor selective replication, all these factors proving them improved and evolved mechanisms, when compared with other cancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses provide greater protection in association with herbal remedies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed account of some of the current observations, developments and insights made in the field of oncolytic virotherapy for targeting colorectal cancer cells. A panel of five oncolytic viruses i.e. adenovirus, herpes virus, reovirus, vaccinia virus and new castle disease virus that are under clinical studies for targeting colorectal cancer cells have been discussed.
Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
Cancer Research Journal
2015-07-14
© Science Publishing Group
Della Davis
S. S. Lahiri
Application of Oncolytic Viruses for Cure of Colorectal Cancer
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93
93
2015-07-14
2015-07-14
10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150304.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Anticancer Effects of Hexane Extract of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Muscle Enriched with Vegetable Oil Brasica sp.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150304.11
Background: As Canola oil (Brasica sp.) has beneficial compositions of essential fatty acids like saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), practically it use in many experimental purposes. There are considerable amounts of oleic acid which is mono unsaturated fatty acids in canola oil that caused a good resistance to thermal processes such as deep frying. Rainbow trout is the main fish species farmed in about 85% of the total rate allocated to producing aquaculture fish in Iran. Rainbow trout has found in food baskets of many people due to its high nutritional value. Methods: in this study the hexane extracts of fish muscle isolated with purity of 250, 50, 10, 5 and 0.5 μg/ml at regular intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours to determine the effects of hexane extracts on parameters which are associated with the survival of skin cancer cells A431 by MTT method in vitro comparison. Results: The effect of various concentrations of hexane extracts from fish muscle showed that the extracts of muscle at varying time intervals in hexane extracts administration had different effects on mortality of A431 cancer cells. Increasing of hexane extracts had significantly decreased the carcinogenic cells. The concentrations of hexane extract in 250 μg/ml at 24 hours were killed 50 percent of skin cancer A431cell lines. The addition of Brasica sp. vegetable oil as a dietary supplement is required to fish diet rations. Conclusion: In the present study the hexane extract inhibit the growth of cancer cells where the extract can be used as an anticancer agent for the operation of this lineage.
Background: As Canola oil (Brasica sp.) has beneficial compositions of essential fatty acids like saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), practically it use in many experimental purposes. There are considerable amounts of oleic acid which is mono unsaturated fatty acids in canola oil that caused a good resistance to thermal processes such as deep frying. Rainbow trout is the main fish species farmed in about 85% of the total rate allocated to producing aquaculture fish in Iran. Rainbow trout has found in food baskets of many people due to its high nutritional value. Methods: in this study the hexane extracts of fish muscle isolated with purity of 250, 50, 10, 5 and 0.5 μg/ml at regular intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours to determine the effects of hexane extracts on parameters which are associated with the survival of skin cancer cells A431 by MTT method in vitro comparison. Results: The effect of various concentrations of hexane extracts from fish muscle showed that the extracts of muscle at varying time intervals in hexane extracts administration had different effects on mortality of A431 cancer cells. Increasing of hexane extracts had significantly decreased the carcinogenic cells. The concentrations of hexane extract in 250 μg/ml at 24 hours were killed 50 percent of skin cancer A431cell lines. The addition of Brasica sp. vegetable oil as a dietary supplement is required to fish diet rations. Conclusion: In the present study the hexane extract inhibit the growth of cancer cells where the extract can be used as an anticancer agent for the operation of this lineage.
The Anticancer Effects of Hexane Extract of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Muscle Enriched with Vegetable Oil Brasica sp.
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150304.11
Cancer Research Journal
2015-07-03
© Science Publishing Group
Poroshad Montazeri Shahtoori
Mozhgan Emtyazjoo
Shahin Bonakdar
Mohammad Rabani
The Anticancer Effects of Hexane Extract of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Muscle Enriched with Vegetable Oil Brasica sp.
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67
67
2015-07-03
2015-07-03
10.11648/j.crj.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Influence of Synthesis Methods Against Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin Analogous
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150304.12
Activity anticancer of curcumin analogous influenced by the structure, substituent and geometric isomeric. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of curcumin analog synthesis methods against anti-cancer activity. The value of IC50 tested in vitro against breast cancer cells T47D uses the MTT method for samples aks (1,5-bis-benzo[1.3]dioxol-5-yl-penta-1,4-dien-3-one) with a method of the process of microwave 257,798 µg/ml better than conventional method 555,276 µg/ml. The results IC50 for samples akas (5-benzo 1.3 dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one) with a method of microwave 7,247 µg/ml better than conventional method 125,300 µg/ml. Microwave method produces a product with a lower melting point and provide the results of anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cells T47D.
Activity anticancer of curcumin analogous influenced by the structure, substituent and geometric isomeric. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of curcumin analog synthesis methods against anti-cancer activity. The value of IC50 tested in vitro against breast cancer cells T47D uses the MTT method for samples aks (1,5-bis-benzo[1.3]dioxol-5-yl-penta-1,4-dien-3-one) with a method of the process of microwave 257,798 µg/ml better than conventional method 555,276 µg/ml. The results IC50 for samples akas (5-benzo 1.3 dioxol-5-yl-1-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one) with a method of microwave 7,247 µg/ml better than conventional method 125,300 µg/ml. Microwave method produces a product with a lower melting point and provide the results of anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cells T47D.
The Influence of Synthesis Methods Against Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin Analogous
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150304.12
Cancer Research Journal
2015-07-05
© Science Publishing Group
Imanuel Berly Delvis Kapelle
Tun Tedja Irawadi
Meika Syahbana Rusli
Djumali Mangunwidjaja
Zainal Alim Mas’ud
The Influence of Synthesis Methods Against Anti-Cancer Activity of Curcumin Analogous
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75
75
2015-07-05
2015-07-05
10.11648/j.crj.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors: A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150305.11
Background: Colorectal cancer ranked the second cancers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accounting for 10.4% of all newly diagnosed cancers in 2010. There are several risk factors affecting the incidence of colorectal cancer where some factors influence the risk more than others. Colorectal cancer is easily preventable through screening which can detect the disease in its early stages and improve survival rates. Aim: We aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of colorectal cancer and its risk factors among mall adult visitors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected malls (120 from each mall were randomly recruited), using a modified validated questionnaire. Means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages were calculated for the differences in the level of awareness among the study participants. Results: The response rate was 70% (55% were females and 45% were males). More than one-third of the participants identified cigarette smoking, family history of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease as risk factors for the disease. In addition, the majority of responses reported that screening tools are useful in colorectal cancer prevention and control. Conclusion: Implementation of awareness programs is needed to establish a strong link between the public, health centers and educational institutions to increase the level of awareness of colorectal cancer
Background: Colorectal cancer ranked the second cancers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, accounting for 10.4% of all newly diagnosed cancers in 2010. There are several risk factors affecting the incidence of colorectal cancer where some factors influence the risk more than others. Colorectal cancer is easily preventable through screening which can detect the disease in its early stages and improve survival rates. Aim: We aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of colorectal cancer and its risk factors among mall adult visitors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected malls (120 from each mall were randomly recruited), using a modified validated questionnaire. Means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages were calculated for the differences in the level of awareness among the study participants. Results: The response rate was 70% (55% were females and 45% were males). More than one-third of the participants identified cigarette smoking, family history of colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease as risk factors for the disease. In addition, the majority of responses reported that screening tools are useful in colorectal cancer prevention and control. Conclusion: Implementation of awareness programs is needed to establish a strong link between the public, health centers and educational institutions to increase the level of awareness of colorectal cancer
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors: A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150305.11
Cancer Research Journal
2015-08-13
© Science Publishing Group
Osama Al Wutayd
Fahad Alamri
Arwa Mohammed Ali
Kassim Abdelazeem Kassim
Ahmed Khair Ibrahim
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors: A Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
99
99
2015-08-13
2015-08-13
10.11648/j.crj.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group
Histop Athological Comparision of Mast Cell Density in Various Grades of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150305.12
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of most prevalent carcinomas of salivary glands in which the histoathological grading is very important in treatment and prognosis. In this study we are going to compare mast cell density in different kinds of mucoepidermoid grading by Toluidine blue staining. Materials and Methods. Paraffin blocks of 19 cases of low grade and 21 cases of high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma were selected and stained by toluidine blue.The number of mast cells were observed in two manners(absolute and ordinal).T student was used for absolute counting and Mann Whitney for ordinal counting. in absolute counting,we defined a number for counting, for ordinal counting, we defined an interval range for mast cell numbers. Results. In absolute Counting,the mean of mast cell density in low grade cases was 19.7+/-15.7and in high grade cases was 20.3+/-21.07and there was no significant difference between two groups(p=0.920). In ordinal counting, there was no significant difference between two groups in mast cell density(p=0.729). Conclusion. According to this study, the mast cell counting can not be used for histopathological grading of MEC
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of most prevalent carcinomas of salivary glands in which the histoathological grading is very important in treatment and prognosis. In this study we are going to compare mast cell density in different kinds of mucoepidermoid grading by Toluidine blue staining. Materials and Methods. Paraffin blocks of 19 cases of low grade and 21 cases of high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma were selected and stained by toluidine blue.The number of mast cells were observed in two manners(absolute and ordinal).T student was used for absolute counting and Mann Whitney for ordinal counting. in absolute counting,we defined a number for counting, for ordinal counting, we defined an interval range for mast cell numbers. Results. In absolute Counting,the mean of mast cell density in low grade cases was 19.7+/-15.7and in high grade cases was 20.3+/-21.07and there was no significant difference between two groups(p=0.920). In ordinal counting, there was no significant difference between two groups in mast cell density(p=0.729). Conclusion. According to this study, the mast cell counting can not be used for histopathological grading of MEC
Histop Athological Comparision of Mast Cell Density in Various Grades of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150305.12
Cancer Research Journal
2015-08-22
© Science Publishing Group
Farzad Yazdani
Gita Rezvani
Sajad Safari
Maryam Jaberi
Histop Athological Comparision of Mast Cell Density in Various Grades of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
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103
103
2015-08-22
2015-08-22
10.11648/j.crj.20150305.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150305.12
© Science Publishing Group
The Role of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography in Biliary Tract Malignancy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150305.13
Early diagnosis of biliary tract tumors is important in accurate staging, to choose the best possible treatment and improve their prognosis. Multidetector row Computed Tomography is an ideal method to evaluate patients with suspected biliary tract obstruction and thereby biliary tract malignancy. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Multidetector row Computed Tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of level of obstruction and to study the imaging features of various causes of biliary tract malignancy. Material and Method: MDCT of 40 patients with clinically suspicion of biliary tract obstruction were prospectively reviewed and only malignant causes were included in the study. Final diagnosis was based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, surgical and histopathological diagnosis. The MDCT diagnosis and final diagnosis was compared for level and imaging features of malignant lesions. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in determining the level of malignant obstruction is 100%, 83.33%, 97.77%, 100%, 98%, and cause of malignant obstruction is 97.73%, 83.33%, 97.72%, 83.33%, 96%. MDCT with its high sensitivity and specificity values plays an essential role in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of biliary tract and for the evaluation of therapeutic options. Conclusion: MDCT has a vital role to play in biliary tract malignancy with its high degree of accuracy in establishing the level of obstruction and in defining the imaging features of the malignant lesions.
Early diagnosis of biliary tract tumors is important in accurate staging, to choose the best possible treatment and improve their prognosis. Multidetector row Computed Tomography is an ideal method to evaluate patients with suspected biliary tract obstruction and thereby biliary tract malignancy. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Multidetector row Computed Tomography (MDCT) in evaluation of level of obstruction and to study the imaging features of various causes of biliary tract malignancy. Material and Method: MDCT of 40 patients with clinically suspicion of biliary tract obstruction were prospectively reviewed and only malignant causes were included in the study. Final diagnosis was based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, surgical and histopathological diagnosis. The MDCT diagnosis and final diagnosis was compared for level and imaging features of malignant lesions. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of MDCT in determining the level of malignant obstruction is 100%, 83.33%, 97.77%, 100%, 98%, and cause of malignant obstruction is 97.73%, 83.33%, 97.72%, 83.33%, 96%. MDCT with its high sensitivity and specificity values plays an essential role in the diagnosis of malignant tumors of biliary tract and for the evaluation of therapeutic options. Conclusion: MDCT has a vital role to play in biliary tract malignancy with its high degree of accuracy in establishing the level of obstruction and in defining the imaging features of the malignant lesions.
The Role of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography in Biliary Tract Malignancy
doi:10.11648/j.crj.20150305.13
Cancer Research Journal
2015-09-11
© Science Publishing Group
Indira Narayanaswamy
Akshaya Reddy Erasu
Ram Prakash HV
The Role of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography in Biliary Tract Malignancy
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5
109
109
2015-09-11
2015-09-11
10.11648/j.crj.20150305.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=158&doi=10.11648/j.crj.20150305.13
© Science Publishing Group