Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Applied Mathematics: Table of Contents
<i> American Journal of Applied Mathematics (AJAM) </i> is an interdisciplinary journal containing research articles that treat scientific problems using methods that are of mathematical interest. Appropriate subject areas include the physical, engineering, financial, and life sciences. Coverage of the journal has been strengthened in probabilistic applications, while still focusing on those areas of applied mathematics inspired by real-world applications, and at the same time fostering the development of theoretical methods with a broad range of applicability. Survey papers contain reviews of emerging areas of mathematics, either in core areas or with relevance to users in industry and other disciplines.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajam Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Applied Mathematics: Table of Contents
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American Journal of Applied Mathematics
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
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Modeling the Spread of Malaria in North-Eastern Nigeria: a Case Study of Adamawa State
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This paper deals with modeling the spread of Malaria in Adamawa State of Nigeria. The simple SIR model and data obtained from the World Health Organization WHO, Adamawa was used to analyze the rate of infection of malaria in the state. It was discovered that > 0. Based on the principle of which states that when < 0, the infection will die out with a certainty, but if > 0, there will be a proper malaria outbreak. It was observed that the force of infection of malaria in the Adamawa state is high. Some necessary recommendations for the eradication of malaria were made.
This paper deals with modeling the spread of Malaria in Adamawa State of Nigeria. The simple SIR model and data obtained from the World Health Organization WHO, Adamawa was used to analyze the rate of infection of malaria in the state. It was discovered that > 0. Based on the principle of which states that when < 0, the infection will die out with a certainty, but if > 0, there will be a proper malaria outbreak. It was observed that the force of infection of malaria in the Adamawa state is high. Some necessary recommendations for the eradication of malaria were made.
Modeling the Spread of Malaria in North-Eastern Nigeria: a Case Study of Adamawa State
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130101.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Adamu Abdul Kareem
Moses Vandi Tumba
Dang Bwebum Cleofas
Modeling the Spread of Malaria in North-Eastern Nigeria: a Case Study of Adamawa State
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A Representation of Context-free Grammars with the Help of Finite Digraphs
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For any context-free grammar, we build a transition diagram, that is, a finite directed graph with labeled arcs, which describes the work of the grammar. This approach is new, and it is different from previously known graph models. We define the concept of proper walk in this transition diagram and we prove that a word belongs to a given context-free language if and only if this word can be obtained with the help of a proper walk.
For any context-free grammar, we build a transition diagram, that is, a finite directed graph with labeled arcs, which describes the work of the grammar. This approach is new, and it is different from previously known graph models. We define the concept of proper walk in this transition diagram and we prove that a word belongs to a given context-free language if and only if this word can be obtained with the help of a proper walk.
A Representation of Context-free Grammars with the Help of Finite Digraphs
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130101.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Krasimir Yordzhev
A Representation of Context-free Grammars with the Help of Finite Digraphs
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Measuring the Forecast Performance of GARCH and Bilinear-GARCH Models in Time Series Data
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In most of the literature in time series modeling, generalized autoregressive conditional heterosceasticity (GARCH) models has been used as a traditional model to forecast both the economic and financial time series data. Though literature has shown that it is not suitable for non-linear time series. For this reason, this model was augmented with bilinear model in order to make it more relevant in forecasting both economic and financial time series data. After the augmentation, the new model called Bilinear-GARCH (BL-GARCH) shows a better performance based on performance measures indices, models variances and out-of–samples forecast performances. In term of these three criteria the new models outperformed the traditional or classical GARCH model. To drive home this point, these two models were illustrated with Botswana inflation rates data. We observed that the new model (BL-GARCH) outperformed the classical GARCH model.
In most of the literature in time series modeling, generalized autoregressive conditional heterosceasticity (GARCH) models has been used as a traditional model to forecast both the economic and financial time series data. Though literature has shown that it is not suitable for non-linear time series. For this reason, this model was augmented with bilinear model in order to make it more relevant in forecasting both economic and financial time series data. After the augmentation, the new model called Bilinear-GARCH (BL-GARCH) shows a better performance based on performance measures indices, models variances and out-of–samples forecast performances. In term of these three criteria the new models outperformed the traditional or classical GARCH model. To drive home this point, these two models were illustrated with Botswana inflation rates data. We observed that the new model (BL-GARCH) outperformed the classical GARCH model.
Measuring the Forecast Performance of GARCH and Bilinear-GARCH Models in Time Series Data
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130101.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Akintunde Mutairu Oyewale
D. K. Shangodoyin
P. M Kgosi
Measuring the Forecast Performance of GARCH and Bilinear-GARCH Models in Time Series Data
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Piecewise Cubic Approximation for Data
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In this paper, we consider features concerning approximation for data by using piecewise interpolation techniques. Numerical examples are given which compare piecewise cubic interpolation methods.
In this paper, we consider features concerning approximation for data by using piecewise interpolation techniques. Numerical examples are given which compare piecewise cubic interpolation methods.
Piecewise Cubic Approximation for Data
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130102.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Emine Can
Sabri Ali Ümekkan
Canan Köroğlu
Piecewise Cubic Approximation for Data
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Effect of Thermal Conductivity on Mhd Heat and Mass Transfer: Flow Past an Infinite Vertical Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects
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This paper investigates the study of the effect of thermal conductivity on MHD flow past an infinite vertical plate with Soret and Dufour effects. The governing non-linear Partial Differential Equations are solved numerically by implicit finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters such as thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, Dufour number, Soret number, thermal conductivity and Schmidt number. The effects of these flow parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration are shown graphically. It is observed that the velocity increases with the increase in Gr, Gc, Du, Ec, k and and it decreases with the increase in M, Sr and b. Temperature decreases with an increase in and Pr and concentration decreases with the increase in Sr and . Finally, the effects of various parameters on the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown on Tables.
This paper investigates the study of the effect of thermal conductivity on MHD flow past an infinite vertical plate with Soret and Dufour effects. The governing non-linear Partial Differential Equations are solved numerically by implicit finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson. Computations are performed for a wide range of the governing flow parameters such as thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, Dufour number, Soret number, thermal conductivity and Schmidt number. The effects of these flow parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration are shown graphically. It is observed that the velocity increases with the increase in Gr, Gc, Du, Ec, k and and it decreases with the increase in M, Sr and b. Temperature decreases with an increase in and Pr and concentration decreases with the increase in Sr and . Finally, the effects of various parameters on the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown on Tables.
Effect of Thermal Conductivity on Mhd Heat and Mass Transfer: Flow Past an Infinite Vertical Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130103.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Halima Usman
Ime Jimmy Uwanta
Effect of Thermal Conductivity on Mhd Heat and Mass Transfer: Flow Past an Infinite Vertical Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects
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Fixed Point Theorem in 2 – Metric Spaces of Implicit Relations
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In this paper present on Fixed point Theorem in 2-metric spaces .A concept which has been in focus recent times. The result is supported with an example.
In this paper present on Fixed point Theorem in 2-metric spaces .A concept which has been in focus recent times. The result is supported with an example.
Fixed Point Theorem in 2 – Metric Spaces of Implicit Relations
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Rajesh Shrivastava
Neha Jain
K. Qureshi
Fixed Point Theorem in 2 – Metric Spaces of Implicit Relations
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Determination of One Dimensional Temperature Distribution in Metallic Bar Using Green’S Function Method
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The present study focuses on determination of temperature distribution in one dimensional bar using Green’s function method. The Green’s Function is obtained using separation of variables, variation formulation principles and Heaviside functions. The Boundary Integral Equation is obtained using the fundamental solution, Divergence theorem, Green Identities, Dirac delta properties and integration by parts. The solution of heat equation given by the Green’s Function and the boundary integral equation has satisfied the uniqueness, regularity and stability of heat equation. The uniqueness, regularity and stability have been proved using smooth properties of class k function, Lyapunov function and Norm. The BEM implementation is performed using FORTRAN 95 software. Solutions to the test problems are presented and time dependence results are in agreement with computed analytical solutions.
The present study focuses on determination of temperature distribution in one dimensional bar using Green’s function method. The Green’s Function is obtained using separation of variables, variation formulation principles and Heaviside functions. The Boundary Integral Equation is obtained using the fundamental solution, Divergence theorem, Green Identities, Dirac delta properties and integration by parts. The solution of heat equation given by the Green’s Function and the boundary integral equation has satisfied the uniqueness, regularity and stability of heat equation. The uniqueness, regularity and stability have been proved using smooth properties of class k function, Lyapunov function and Norm. The BEM implementation is performed using FORTRAN 95 software. Solutions to the test problems are presented and time dependence results are in agreement with computed analytical solutions.
Determination of One Dimensional Temperature Distribution in Metallic Bar Using Green’S Function Method
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Virginia Mwelu Kitetu
Thomas Onyango
Jackson Kioko Kwanza
Nicholas Muthama Mutua
Determination of One Dimensional Temperature Distribution in Metallic Bar Using Green’S Function Method
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Elementary Algebra for Origami: The Trisection Problem Revisited
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This article presents an algebraic background in solving the angle trisection problem using origami-folding. Origami has been originally the art of paper folding, and recently aroused strong interest in a wide discipline of science and technology owing to its deep mathematical implication. Origami is also known to be an efficient tool for solving the trisection problem, one of the three famous problems of ancient Greek mathematics. Emphasis in this article is put on the way how the origami-based construction of the trisection corresponds to obtaining a solution for a cubic equation.
This article presents an algebraic background in solving the angle trisection problem using origami-folding. Origami has been originally the art of paper folding, and recently aroused strong interest in a wide discipline of science and technology owing to its deep mathematical implication. Origami is also known to be an efficient tool for solving the trisection problem, one of the three famous problems of ancient Greek mathematics. Emphasis in this article is put on the way how the origami-based construction of the trisection corresponds to obtaining a solution for a cubic equation.
Elementary Algebra for Origami: The Trisection Problem Revisited
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hiroyuki Shima
Elementary Algebra for Origami: The Trisection Problem Revisited
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Reachable Sets for Autonomous Systems of Differential Equations and their Topological Properties
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The initial value problems for autonomous systems of differential equations are the main object of this paper. Different variants of the concept reachable sets for the solutions of such systems are introduced. Several conditions for their existence are found and some properties are studied.
The initial value problems for autonomous systems of differential equations are the main object of this paper. Different variants of the concept reachable sets for the solutions of such systems are introduced. Several conditions for their existence are found and some properties are studied.
Reachable Sets for Autonomous Systems of Differential Equations and their Topological Properties
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Sashka Petkova
Andrey Antonov
Rumyana Chukleva
Reachable Sets for Autonomous Systems of Differential Equations and their Topological Properties
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Mathematical Model for Determining the Effect of Government Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living and the Achievement of Economic Comfort in Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.17
The research is concerned with the development of a mathematical model for determining the Effect of Government Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living which when not properly handled in turn could hamper the economic comfort of the country at large. The model was validated and observations about the model’s results and the questionnaire data (before and after the introduction of government financial policies, gp) were compared. Thereafter, the results of the comparison were analyzed using suitable statistical tools. The findings from the comparisons showed that government sudden financial policies take/reduce up to approximately 10% of the citizen’s standard of living and income. Likewise, the results from our model and the questionnaire data have a higher degree of correlation which thus recommending the model as a standard measure for estimating the effect of Government Financial Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living.
The research is concerned with the development of a mathematical model for determining the Effect of Government Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living which when not properly handled in turn could hamper the economic comfort of the country at large. The model was validated and observations about the model’s results and the questionnaire data (before and after the introduction of government financial policies, gp) were compared. Thereafter, the results of the comparison were analyzed using suitable statistical tools. The findings from the comparisons showed that government sudden financial policies take/reduce up to approximately 10% of the citizen’s standard of living and income. Likewise, the results from our model and the questionnaire data have a higher degree of correlation which thus recommending the model as a standard measure for estimating the effect of Government Financial Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living.
Mathematical Model for Determining the Effect of Government Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living and the Achievement of Economic Comfort in Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.17
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Ogwumu, David. O
James Friday. E
Mathematical Model for Determining the Effect of Government Policies on Nigerians’ Standard of Living and the Achievement of Economic Comfort in Nigeria
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Derivation of Turbulent Energy in Presence of Dust Particles
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Energy equation for dusty fluid turbulent flow has been derived in terms of correlation tensors of second order. In presence of dust particles, mathematical modeling of turbulent energy is discussed including the correlation between the pressure fluctuations and velocity fluctuations at two points of the flow field, where the correlation tensors are the functions of space coordinates, distance between two points and time. To reveal the relation of turbulent energy between the two points, one point has been taken as origin of the coordinate system.
Energy equation for dusty fluid turbulent flow has been derived in terms of correlation tensors of second order. In presence of dust particles, mathematical modeling of turbulent energy is discussed including the correlation between the pressure fluctuations and velocity fluctuations at two points of the flow field, where the correlation tensors are the functions of space coordinates, distance between two points and time. To reveal the relation of turbulent energy between the two points, one point has been taken as origin of the coordinate system.
Derivation of Turbulent Energy in Presence of Dust Particles
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Shams Forruque Ahmed
Derivation of Turbulent Energy in Presence of Dust Particles
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Effect of an Adiabatic Fin on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Triangular Enclosure
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Natural convection thermal boundary layer adjacent to the heated inclined wall of a right angled triangle with an adiabatic fin attached to that surface is investigated by numerical simulations. The finite volume based unsteady numerical model is adopted for the simulation. It is revealed from the numerical results that the development of the boundary layer along the inclined surface is characterized by three distinct stages, i.e. a start-up stage, a transitional stage and a steady stage. These three stages can be clearly identified from the numerical simulations. Moreover, in presence of adiabatic fin, the thermal boundary layer adjacent to the inclined wall breaks initially. However, it is reattached with the downstream boundary layer next to the fin. More attention has been given to the boundary layer development near the fin area.
Natural convection thermal boundary layer adjacent to the heated inclined wall of a right angled triangle with an adiabatic fin attached to that surface is investigated by numerical simulations. The finite volume based unsteady numerical model is adopted for the simulation. It is revealed from the numerical results that the development of the boundary layer along the inclined surface is characterized by three distinct stages, i.e. a start-up stage, a transitional stage and a steady stage. These three stages can be clearly identified from the numerical simulations. Moreover, in presence of adiabatic fin, the thermal boundary layer adjacent to the inclined wall breaks initially. However, it is reattached with the downstream boundary layer next to the fin. More attention has been given to the boundary layer development near the fin area.
Effect of an Adiabatic Fin on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Triangular Enclosure
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130104.16
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Sreebash C Paul
Suvash C. Saha
Y. T. Gu
Effect of an Adiabatic Fin on Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Triangular Enclosure
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Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Lid Driven Cavity with Wavy Bottom Surface
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The present numerical study is devoted to investigate the mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a lid-driven cavity with wavy bottom surface. The cavity upper wall is moving with a uniform velocity by unity and the other walls are no slip. The cavity vertical walls are insulated while the upper surface is maintained at a uniform temperature higher than the wavy bottom surface. The physical problem is represented mathematically by a set of governing equations and the developed mathematical model is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The wide ranges of governing parameters, i. e., the Reynolds number (Re), the Grshof number (Gr) and the number of undulations (λ) on the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics are investigated in detail. It is found that these parameters have significant effect on the flow fields; temperature distributions and heat transfer in the cavity. Furthermore, the trend of skin friction and Nusselt number for different values of the aforementioned parameters are presented in this investigation.
The present numerical study is devoted to investigate the mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a lid-driven cavity with wavy bottom surface. The cavity upper wall is moving with a uniform velocity by unity and the other walls are no slip. The cavity vertical walls are insulated while the upper surface is maintained at a uniform temperature higher than the wavy bottom surface. The physical problem is represented mathematically by a set of governing equations and the developed mathematical model is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The wide ranges of governing parameters, i. e., the Reynolds number (Re), the Grshof number (Gr) and the number of undulations (λ) on the flow structure and heat transfer characteristics are investigated in detail. It is found that these parameters have significant effect on the flow fields; temperature distributions and heat transfer in the cavity. Furthermore, the trend of skin friction and Nusselt number for different values of the aforementioned parameters are presented in this investigation.
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Lid Driven Cavity with Wavy Bottom Surface
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20130105.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Litan Kumar Saha
Monotos Chandra Somadder
K. M. Salah Uddin
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Lid Driven Cavity with Wavy Bottom Surface
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The Effect of Inclination of Channel on Separation of an Incompressible Thermally and Electrically Conducting Viscous Binary Fluid Mixture in Presence of Strong Magnetic Field
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.11
The effect of inclination of a channel on separation of a binary mixture of viscous incompressible thermally and electrically conducting Newtonian fluids in presence of a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of flow is examined. The equations of motion, energy and concentration are solved analytically. It is found that the non-dimensional parameters viz, the baro-diffusion number, the Soret number, the product of Prandtl number and Eckert number, the Hartmann number, the electric parameter and the Magnetic Reynolds number affects the species separation significantly. The inclination of the channel has adverse effect on the rate of species separation while the intensity of the applied magnetic field enhanced the same.
The effect of inclination of a channel on separation of a binary mixture of viscous incompressible thermally and electrically conducting Newtonian fluids in presence of a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of flow is examined. The equations of motion, energy and concentration are solved analytically. It is found that the non-dimensional parameters viz, the baro-diffusion number, the Soret number, the product of Prandtl number and Eckert number, the Hartmann number, the electric parameter and the Magnetic Reynolds number affects the species separation significantly. The inclination of the channel has adverse effect on the rate of species separation while the intensity of the applied magnetic field enhanced the same.
The Effect of Inclination of Channel on Separation of an Incompressible Thermally and Electrically Conducting Viscous Binary Fluid Mixture in Presence of Strong Magnetic Field
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
B. R. Sharma
R. N. Singh
Rupam Kr. Gogoi
The Effect of Inclination of Channel on Separation of an Incompressible Thermally and Electrically Conducting Viscous Binary Fluid Mixture in Presence of Strong Magnetic Field
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© Science Publishing Group
On the use of Discrete – Time Markov Process for HIV/AIDs Epidemic Modelling
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.14
In this research, a discrete-time Markov process for HIV/AIDs epidemic modeling, which takes into account the dynamic of the HIV; the number of susceptible contracting HIV, the number of infective developing AIDS and the parameters influencing these outcomes is designed. This is to determine the behaviour of the epidemic and to keep it under control. Each parameter in the model was varied at different values while others are kept constant to determine the effects of the parameter on the disease states, and to ultimately determine the more important parameter(s) necessary to control the epidemic. By simulation, it was revealed that the susceptible people in a population depletes in a negative exponential form after contracting HIV, the infectives grow and decay in a log logistic form, while the AIDS people in the population grow in a positive exponential form. The rate at which susceptible becomes infective and the rate at which infective becomes AIDS are crucial parameters which when kept low, the epidemic is kept under control.
In this research, a discrete-time Markov process for HIV/AIDs epidemic modeling, which takes into account the dynamic of the HIV; the number of susceptible contracting HIV, the number of infective developing AIDS and the parameters influencing these outcomes is designed. This is to determine the behaviour of the epidemic and to keep it under control. Each parameter in the model was varied at different values while others are kept constant to determine the effects of the parameter on the disease states, and to ultimately determine the more important parameter(s) necessary to control the epidemic. By simulation, it was revealed that the susceptible people in a population depletes in a negative exponential form after contracting HIV, the infectives grow and decay in a log logistic form, while the AIDS people in the population grow in a positive exponential form. The rate at which susceptible becomes infective and the rate at which infective becomes AIDS are crucial parameters which when kept low, the epidemic is kept under control.
On the use of Discrete – Time Markov Process for HIV/AIDs Epidemic Modelling
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
OGUNMOLA ADENIYI OYEWOLE
On the use of Discrete – Time Markov Process for HIV/AIDs Epidemic Modelling
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On the Survival of Insurance Company’s Investment with Consumption under Power and Exponential Utility Functions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.12
In this paper, the survival of insurance company’s investment with consumption is investigated under power and exponential utility functions. We take the risk reserve of an insurance company to follow Brownian motion with drift and tackle an optimal portfolio selection problem of the company. The investment case considered was insurance company that trades two assets: the money market account (bond) growing at a linear rate r and a risky stock with an investment behavior in the presence of a stochastic cash flow or a risk process, continuously in the economy.Under these functions, we obtained the optimal strategies. It is discovered that both utility functions are alike.
In this paper, the survival of insurance company’s investment with consumption is investigated under power and exponential utility functions. We take the risk reserve of an insurance company to follow Brownian motion with drift and tackle an optimal portfolio selection problem of the company. The investment case considered was insurance company that trades two assets: the money market account (bond) growing at a linear rate r and a risky stock with an investment behavior in the presence of a stochastic cash flow or a risk process, continuously in the economy.Under these functions, we obtained the optimal strategies. It is discovered that both utility functions are alike.
On the Survival of Insurance Company’s Investment with Consumption under Power and Exponential Utility Functions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Bright Okore Osu
Silas Abahia Ihedioha
Joy Ijeoma Adindu-Dick
On the Survival of Insurance Company’s Investment with Consumption under Power and Exponential Utility Functions
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1
13
13
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
HPM Method Applied to Solve the Model of Calcium Stimulated, Calcium Release Mechanism
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.15
In this paper, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to provide an approximate, but detailed, solution for the nonlinear differential equation that describes the calcium stimulated calcium release mechanism. Comparison to the exact solutions shows that the method is extremely efficient, if initial guess is suitably chosen.
In this paper, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to provide an approximate, but detailed, solution for the nonlinear differential equation that describes the calcium stimulated calcium release mechanism. Comparison to the exact solutions shows that the method is extremely efficient, if initial guess is suitably chosen.
HPM Method Applied to Solve the Model of Calcium Stimulated, Calcium Release Mechanism
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
H. Vazquez-Leal
L. Hernandez-Martinez
Y. Khan
V.M. Jimenez-Fernandez
U. Filbello-Nino
A. Diaz-Sanchez
A.L. Herrera-May
R. Castaneda-Sheissa
A. Marin-Hernandez
F. Rabago-Bernal
J. Huerta-Chua
S.F. Hernandez-Machuca
HPM Method Applied to Solve the Model of Calcium Stimulated, Calcium Release Mechanism
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35
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.15
© Science Publishing Group
Thermal Stability of a Reactive Hydromagnetic Poiseuille Fluid Flow through a Channel
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.13
This study is conducted to investigate the thermal stability of a reactive Hydromagnetic Poiseuille fluid flow through a channel. It is assumed that the reaction is exothermic under different chemical kinetics: Sensitized, Arrhenius and Bimolecular neglecting the concentration of the material. The analytical solutions of the nonlinear dimensionless equations governing the fluid flow are obtained using Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) together with Pade Approximation technique to determine the thermal stability of the fluid flow and important properties of temperature fields including bi-furcations and thermal criticality conditions are discussed.
This study is conducted to investigate the thermal stability of a reactive Hydromagnetic Poiseuille fluid flow through a channel. It is assumed that the reaction is exothermic under different chemical kinetics: Sensitized, Arrhenius and Bimolecular neglecting the concentration of the material. The analytical solutions of the nonlinear dimensionless equations governing the fluid flow are obtained using Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) together with Pade Approximation technique to determine the thermal stability of the fluid flow and important properties of temperature fields including bi-furcations and thermal criticality conditions are discussed.
Thermal Stability of a Reactive Hydromagnetic Poiseuille Fluid Flow through a Channel
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hassan Anthony Rotimi
Gbadeyan Jacob Abiodun
Thermal Stability of a Reactive Hydromagnetic Poiseuille Fluid Flow through a Channel
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1
20
20
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140201.13
© Science Publishing Group
Robust Parameter Estimations Using L-Moments, TL-Moments and the Order Statistics
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.11
Application of the method of moments for the parametric distribution is common in the construction of a suitable parametric distribution. However, moment method of parameter estimation does not produce good results. An alternative approach when constructing an appropriate parametric distribution for the considered data file is to use the so-called order statistics. This paper deals with the use of order statistics as the methods of L-moments and TL-moments of parameter estimation. L-moments have some theoretical advantages over conventional moments. L-moments have been introduced as a robust alternative to classical moments of probability distributions. However, L-moments and their estimations lack some robust features that belong to the TL-moments. TL-moments represent an alternative robust version of L-moments, which are called trimmed L-moments. This paper deals with the use of L-moments and TL-moments in the construction of models of wage distribution. Three-parametric lognormal curves represent the basic theoretical distribution whose parameters were simultaneously estimated by three methods of point parameter estimation and accuracy of these methods was then evaluated. There are method of TL-moments, method of L-moments and maximum likelihood method in combination with Cohen’s method. A total of 328 wage distribution has been the subject of research
Application of the method of moments for the parametric distribution is common in the construction of a suitable parametric distribution. However, moment method of parameter estimation does not produce good results. An alternative approach when constructing an appropriate parametric distribution for the considered data file is to use the so-called order statistics. This paper deals with the use of order statistics as the methods of L-moments and TL-moments of parameter estimation. L-moments have some theoretical advantages over conventional moments. L-moments have been introduced as a robust alternative to classical moments of probability distributions. However, L-moments and their estimations lack some robust features that belong to the TL-moments. TL-moments represent an alternative robust version of L-moments, which are called trimmed L-moments. This paper deals with the use of L-moments and TL-moments in the construction of models of wage distribution. Three-parametric lognormal curves represent the basic theoretical distribution whose parameters were simultaneously estimated by three methods of point parameter estimation and accuracy of these methods was then evaluated. There are method of TL-moments, method of L-moments and maximum likelihood method in combination with Cohen’s method. A total of 328 wage distribution has been the subject of research
Robust Parameter Estimations Using L-Moments, TL-Moments and the Order Statistics
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-04-18
© Science Publishing Group
Diana Bílková
Robust Parameter Estimations Using L-Moments, TL-Moments and the Order Statistics
2
2
53
53
2014-04-18
2014-04-18
10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
On the Solution of a Boundary Value Problem related to the Heat Transmission
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.12
In this study, we consider a heat transmission problem which has derivative with respect to the time in boundary condition. Applying the seperation of variables method, we get a Sturm-Liouville equation with discontinuous coefficient and a spectral parameter dependent boundary condition. For this spectral problem, the operator theoretic formula is given, the resolvent operator constructed and the expansion formula with respect to the eigenfunctions obtained. Using the expansion formula, the solution of the heat problem expressed.
In this study, we consider a heat transmission problem which has derivative with respect to the time in boundary condition. Applying the seperation of variables method, we get a Sturm-Liouville equation with discontinuous coefficient and a spectral parameter dependent boundary condition. For this spectral problem, the operator theoretic formula is given, the resolvent operator constructed and the expansion formula with respect to the eigenfunctions obtained. Using the expansion formula, the solution of the heat problem expressed.
On the Solution of a Boundary Value Problem related to the Heat Transmission
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-04-25
© Science Publishing Group
Khanlar R. Mamedov
Volkan Ala
On the Solution of a Boundary Value Problem related to the Heat Transmission
2
2
59
59
2014-04-25
2014-04-25
10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
Nonlocal Fractional Semilinear Integrodifferential Equations in Separable Banach Spaces
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.13
The existence of mild solutions for fractional semilinear integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions in separable Banach spaces is studied in this article. The result is established by Hausdorff measure of noncompactness and Schauder fixed point theorem.
The existence of mild solutions for fractional semilinear integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions in separable Banach spaces is studied in this article. The result is established by Hausdorff measure of noncompactness and Schauder fixed point theorem.
Nonlocal Fractional Semilinear Integrodifferential Equations in Separable Banach Spaces
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-04-25
© Science Publishing Group
V. Dhanapalan
M. Thamilselvan
M. Chandrasekaran
Nonlocal Fractional Semilinear Integrodifferential Equations in Separable Banach Spaces
2
2
63
63
2014-04-25
2014-04-25
10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Method of Decomposition Domain for the Digital Modelling of a Jet
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.14
This work concerns to the digital treatment of the problems in strong nonlinearity during the resolution of the equations of Navier Stokes, in particular those due to the strong recirculation in turbulent regime. The developed idea is to use the method of subdomains. The domain of the flow is decomposed into several sub domains separated by fictitious borders. In each of these sub domains, we use the best digital adapted method. The passage in the entire domain is made by digital connecting. This connecting is made by covering of domain. The results are presented in the case of a jet of rejection emitted by the bottom in a rectangular canal. In this application, we divided the domain of study into two parts: Meadows of the limit coat, we use the method of the finished differences and in the outside zone the resolution is made by the particular method .The fictitious interface between these two subdomains is processed by the method particles - meshing. A validation of this approach is made by comparison with a direct calculation in entire domain.
This work concerns to the digital treatment of the problems in strong nonlinearity during the resolution of the equations of Navier Stokes, in particular those due to the strong recirculation in turbulent regime. The developed idea is to use the method of subdomains. The domain of the flow is decomposed into several sub domains separated by fictitious borders. In each of these sub domains, we use the best digital adapted method. The passage in the entire domain is made by digital connecting. This connecting is made by covering of domain. The results are presented in the case of a jet of rejection emitted by the bottom in a rectangular canal. In this application, we divided the domain of study into two parts: Meadows of the limit coat, we use the method of the finished differences and in the outside zone the resolution is made by the particular method .The fictitious interface between these two subdomains is processed by the method particles - meshing. A validation of this approach is made by comparison with a direct calculation in entire domain.
The Method of Decomposition Domain for the Digital Modelling of a Jet
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-05-06
© Science Publishing Group
Khalid Adnaoui
Nourdine Tounsi
Mohamed Chagdali
Soumia Mordane
The Method of Decomposition Domain for the Digital Modelling of a Jet
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2
68
68
2014-05-06
2014-05-06
10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.14
© Science Publishing Group
A Global Perspective on Applied Mathematics & Numerical Analysis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.15
Mathematics has a great variety of applications in the physical sciences. This simple, undeniable fact, however, gives rise to an interesting philosophical problem: why should physical scientists find that they are unable to even state their theories without the resources of abstract mathematical theories? Moreover, the formulation of physical theories in the language of mathematics often leads to new physical predictions which were quite unexpected on purely physical grounds. It is thought by some that the puzzles the applications of mathematics present are artefacts of out-dated philosophical theories about the nature of mathematics. In this paper I examine numerical analysis what precisely it is and why it is important. I begin by presenting a selective conceptual reconstruction of one suggestive line in its historical development. Then expand my focus to a general account of what numerical analysis consists today.
Mathematics has a great variety of applications in the physical sciences. This simple, undeniable fact, however, gives rise to an interesting philosophical problem: why should physical scientists find that they are unable to even state their theories without the resources of abstract mathematical theories? Moreover, the formulation of physical theories in the language of mathematics often leads to new physical predictions which were quite unexpected on purely physical grounds. It is thought by some that the puzzles the applications of mathematics present are artefacts of out-dated philosophical theories about the nature of mathematics. In this paper I examine numerical analysis what precisely it is and why it is important. I begin by presenting a selective conceptual reconstruction of one suggestive line in its historical development. Then expand my focus to a general account of what numerical analysis consists today.
A Global Perspective on Applied Mathematics & Numerical Analysis
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-05-15
© Science Publishing Group
Aisan Khojasteh
Mahmoud Paripour
A Global Perspective on Applied Mathematics & Numerical Analysis
2
2
73
73
2014-05-15
2014-05-15
10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140202.15
© Science Publishing Group
New Parameter for Defining a Square: Exact Solution to Squaring the Circle; Proving π is Rational
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.11
Historically, mathematicians sought for a unique relationship between a square and a circle of equal area without much success. The ratio of perimeter of a circle to its diameter is known and given as the symbol π. However, π was deemed IRRATIONAL. By using the concept of a TESSELLATION, that is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps, a square is described for the first time, as an equi-edge juxtaposition of eight identical right isosceles triangles. The usual median of a triangle is consistently identified in each of these triangles and is designated SECONDARY MEDIAN in relation to a square. There are eight Secondary Medians in a square. When the size of the Secondary Median of a square matches the size of the radius of a circle, and the two shapes are placed so that their centers are coincident, it is established that the areas of the two shapes are equal, thereby demonstrating the basis for the exact solution to the ancient geometric construction problem- SQUARING THE CIRCLE, with the consequences that; 1) π is, unambiguously a feature of the area of a square, 2) π is rational, has an exact value of 3.2, from any circle, a square of equal area is constructed in finite steps as well as the converse, 3) a square and an ellipse of equal area can be constructed, 4) π is not a feature limited to circles and associated shapes, as has been historically documented, but is a feature of Euclidian Geometry. Exact value of π means formulae featuring π are unchanged qualitatively, but changes slightly, quantitatively.
Historically, mathematicians sought for a unique relationship between a square and a circle of equal area without much success. The ratio of perimeter of a circle to its diameter is known and given as the symbol π. However, π was deemed IRRATIONAL. By using the concept of a TESSELLATION, that is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps, a square is described for the first time, as an equi-edge juxtaposition of eight identical right isosceles triangles. The usual median of a triangle is consistently identified in each of these triangles and is designated SECONDARY MEDIAN in relation to a square. There are eight Secondary Medians in a square. When the size of the Secondary Median of a square matches the size of the radius of a circle, and the two shapes are placed so that their centers are coincident, it is established that the areas of the two shapes are equal, thereby demonstrating the basis for the exact solution to the ancient geometric construction problem- SQUARING THE CIRCLE, with the consequences that; 1) π is, unambiguously a feature of the area of a square, 2) π is rational, has an exact value of 3.2, from any circle, a square of equal area is constructed in finite steps as well as the converse, 3) a square and an ellipse of equal area can be constructed, 4) π is not a feature limited to circles and associated shapes, as has been historically documented, but is a feature of Euclidian Geometry. Exact value of π means formulae featuring π are unchanged qualitatively, but changes slightly, quantitatively.
New Parameter for Defining a Square: Exact Solution to Squaring the Circle; Proving π is Rational
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-05-21
© Science Publishing Group
Lorna A. Willis
New Parameter for Defining a Square: Exact Solution to Squaring the Circle; Proving π is Rational
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78
78
2014-05-21
2014-05-21
10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Modified New Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Linear Integral Equations – Differential
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.12
Mathematical modeling of real-life problems usually results in functional equations, such as ordinary or partial differential equations, integral and integral-differential equations etc. The theory of integral equation is one of the major topics of applied mathematics. In this paper a new Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is introduced to obtain exact solutions of the systems of integral equations-differential and is provided examples for the accuracy of this method. This paper presents an introduction to new method of HPM, then introduces the system of integral - differential linear equations and also introduces applications and literature. In second section we will introduce categorizations of averaging integral - differential and several methods to solve this kind of achievement. The third section introduces a new method of HPM. Fourth section determines quarter of integral - differential equations by using HPM. Therefore, we provide Conclusion and some examples that illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of the proposed method.
Mathematical modeling of real-life problems usually results in functional equations, such as ordinary or partial differential equations, integral and integral-differential equations etc. The theory of integral equation is one of the major topics of applied mathematics. In this paper a new Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is introduced to obtain exact solutions of the systems of integral equations-differential and is provided examples for the accuracy of this method. This paper presents an introduction to new method of HPM, then introduces the system of integral - differential linear equations and also introduces applications and literature. In second section we will introduce categorizations of averaging integral - differential and several methods to solve this kind of achievement. The third section introduces a new method of HPM. Fourth section determines quarter of integral - differential equations by using HPM. Therefore, we provide Conclusion and some examples that illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of the proposed method.
A Modified New Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Linear Integral Equations – Differential
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-06-05
© Science Publishing Group
Aisan Khojasteh
Mahmoud Paripour
A Modified New Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Linear Integral Equations – Differential
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84
84
2014-06-05
2014-06-05
10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
Semi-Analytical and Numerical Solution of Regularized Burdet Equations to Predict the Motion of an Artificial Satellite
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.13
In this paper, literal analytical solution in power series forms which is one of the semi-analytical solution, are developed for the regularized Burdet equations to estimate the motion of an artificial satellite under the influence of J2-Earth’s gravitational field. Also a numerical solution of the regularized Burdet equations is applied using eighth order Dormand-Prince Rung-Kutta method. Comparison between the power series solution and the numerical solution applied to high eccentric frozen satellite orbit is also given and showed excellent agreement.
In this paper, literal analytical solution in power series forms which is one of the semi-analytical solution, are developed for the regularized Burdet equations to estimate the motion of an artificial satellite under the influence of J2-Earth’s gravitational field. Also a numerical solution of the regularized Burdet equations is applied using eighth order Dormand-Prince Rung-Kutta method. Comparison between the power series solution and the numerical solution applied to high eccentric frozen satellite orbit is also given and showed excellent agreement.
Semi-Analytical and Numerical Solution of Regularized Burdet Equations to Predict the Motion of an Artificial Satellite
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-06-12
© Science Publishing Group
Hany R. Dwidar
Semi-Analytical and Numerical Solution of Regularized Burdet Equations to Predict the Motion of an Artificial Satellite
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3
91
91
2014-06-12
2014-06-12
10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.13
© Science Publishing Group
A Difference Type Estimator for Estimating Population Variance with Possible Applications to Random Stock and Dividend Growth
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.14
In this paper we have suggested a difference type estimator for estimating the unknown population variance of the study variable y using auxiliary information. The optimum estimator in the suggested method has been identified along with its mean square error formula and it is seen that the suggested estimator performs better than other existing estimators. An empirical study is carried out to judge the merits of proposed estimator over other traditional estimators.
In this paper we have suggested a difference type estimator for estimating the unknown population variance of the study variable y using auxiliary information. The optimum estimator in the suggested method has been identified along with its mean square error formula and it is seen that the suggested estimator performs better than other existing estimators. An empirical study is carried out to judge the merits of proposed estimator over other traditional estimators.
A Difference Type Estimator for Estimating Population Variance with Possible Applications to Random Stock and Dividend Growth
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-06-27
© Science Publishing Group
Rajesh Singh
Viplav Kumar Singh
Mohd Khoshnevisan
A Difference Type Estimator for Estimating Population Variance with Possible Applications to Random Stock and Dividend Growth
2
3
95
95
2014-06-27
2014-06-27
10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140203.14
© Science Publishing Group
Free and Forced Convective Flow in a Vertical Channel Filled with Composite Porous Medium Using Robin Boundary Conditions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.11
Mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a vertical channel filled with composite porous medium using Robin boundary conditions is analyzed. The flow is modeled using the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman model. The viscous and Darcy dissipation terms are included in energy equation. The plate exchanges heat with an external fluid. Both the conditions of equal and different reference temperature of the external fluid are considered. The governing equations are coupled and non-linear because of inclusion of dissipation terms and buoyancy forces. The equations are solved using perturbation method valid for small values of perturbation parameter. However, the restriction on the perturbation parameter is relaxed by finding the solutions of governing equations by using Differential Transform Method. The effects of various parameters such as mixed convection parameter, porous parameter, viscosity ratio, width ratio, conductivity ratio and the Biot numbers on the flow are discussed. The percentage of error between perturbation method and differential transformation method increases as the perturbation parameter increases for both equal and unequal Biot numbers.
Mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a vertical channel filled with composite porous medium using Robin boundary conditions is analyzed. The flow is modeled using the Darcy-Lapwood-Brinkman model. The viscous and Darcy dissipation terms are included in energy equation. The plate exchanges heat with an external fluid. Both the conditions of equal and different reference temperature of the external fluid are considered. The governing equations are coupled and non-linear because of inclusion of dissipation terms and buoyancy forces. The equations are solved using perturbation method valid for small values of perturbation parameter. However, the restriction on the perturbation parameter is relaxed by finding the solutions of governing equations by using Differential Transform Method. The effects of various parameters such as mixed convection parameter, porous parameter, viscosity ratio, width ratio, conductivity ratio and the Biot numbers on the flow are discussed. The percentage of error between perturbation method and differential transformation method increases as the perturbation parameter increases for both equal and unequal Biot numbers.
Free and Forced Convective Flow in a Vertical Channel Filled with Composite Porous Medium Using Robin Boundary Conditions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-07-31
© Science Publishing Group
Jada Prathap Kumar
Jawali Channabasappa Umavathi
Yadav Ramarao
Free and Forced Convective Flow in a Vertical Channel Filled with Composite Porous Medium Using Robin Boundary Conditions
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110
110
2014-07-31
2014-07-31
10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Mathematical Proof of the Law of Karma
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.12
The Buddhist teachings assume that all living creatures obey the Law of Karma. Till this day not only ordinary people – but even scientists still do not believe and accept this fact and this is the main reason why some people say the Buddhist religion makes people simpleminded and some religions say the Buddhist religion is misleading. This is related to the absence of a scientific verification for the Law of Karma. The existence of the Law of Karma will be proved and verified in this article using the mathmatical Set Theory. The incomprehension of the “Self” and its emptiness is described in the Buddhist teachings as ignorant. Herewith we shall explain the theory of the “Self’ and its emptiness founded on the possession of the body and mind using the mathematical Set Theory. By reading this article the reader will comprehend the “Self” and its emptiness and overcome this ignorance.
The Buddhist teachings assume that all living creatures obey the Law of Karma. Till this day not only ordinary people – but even scientists still do not believe and accept this fact and this is the main reason why some people say the Buddhist religion makes people simpleminded and some religions say the Buddhist religion is misleading. This is related to the absence of a scientific verification for the Law of Karma. The existence of the Law of Karma will be proved and verified in this article using the mathmatical Set Theory. The incomprehension of the “Self” and its emptiness is described in the Buddhist teachings as ignorant. Herewith we shall explain the theory of the “Self’ and its emptiness founded on the possession of the body and mind using the mathematical Set Theory. By reading this article the reader will comprehend the “Self” and its emptiness and overcome this ignorance.
Mathematical Proof of the Law of Karma
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-07-26
© Science Publishing Group
Jargal Dorj
Mathematical Proof of the Law of Karma
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126
2014-07-26
2014-07-26
10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
On Generalized Fuzzy Mean Code Word Lengths
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.13
In present communication, a generalized fuzzy mean code word length of degree β has been defined and its bounds in the term of generalized fuzzy information measure have been studied. Further we have defined the fuzzy mean code word length of type (α,β) and its bounds have also been studied. Monotonic behavior of these fuzzy mean code word lengths have been illustrated graphically by taking some empirical data.
In present communication, a generalized fuzzy mean code word length of degree β has been defined and its bounds in the term of generalized fuzzy information measure have been studied. Further we have defined the fuzzy mean code word length of type (α,β) and its bounds have also been studied. Monotonic behavior of these fuzzy mean code word lengths have been illustrated graphically by taking some empirical data.
On Generalized Fuzzy Mean Code Word Lengths
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-08-24
© Science Publishing Group
Dhara Singh Hooda
Arunodaya Raj Mishra
Divya Jain
On Generalized Fuzzy Mean Code Word Lengths
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2014-08-24
2014-08-24
10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.13
© Science Publishing Group
Investigation of Pressure Distributions for a Finite Elastohydrodynamic Journal Bearing Lubricated by Ferro Fluids with Couple Stresses
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.14
The performance of finite elastohydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated by ferrofluids with couple stresses has been studied. We derive a Reynolds equation that takes into account magneto elastohydrodynamics, by using the continuity and momentum equations. The equation has been integrated locally across the film thickness and an equation for the pressure gradient obtained as a function of film thickness and total mass flow rate of lubricant, the modified Reynolds equation. The modified Reynolds equation obtained is solved numerically by the finite difference technique since it is highly non-linear. The numerical scheme used is implemented in MATLAB so as to obtain the approximate solutions. The pressure distributions are obtained and the solutions obtained represented in graphs. It is clear from the results that the pressure increases with the increase in magnetism and the couple stress.
The performance of finite elastohydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated by ferrofluids with couple stresses has been studied. We derive a Reynolds equation that takes into account magneto elastohydrodynamics, by using the continuity and momentum equations. The equation has been integrated locally across the film thickness and an equation for the pressure gradient obtained as a function of film thickness and total mass flow rate of lubricant, the modified Reynolds equation. The modified Reynolds equation obtained is solved numerically by the finite difference technique since it is highly non-linear. The numerical scheme used is implemented in MATLAB so as to obtain the approximate solutions. The pressure distributions are obtained and the solutions obtained represented in graphs. It is clear from the results that the pressure increases with the increase in magnetism and the couple stress.
Investigation of Pressure Distributions for a Finite Elastohydrodynamic Journal Bearing Lubricated by Ferro Fluids with Couple Stresses
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-08-24
© Science Publishing Group
Kihuga Daniel
Kinyanjui Mathew
Kimathi Mark
Investigation of Pressure Distributions for a Finite Elastohydrodynamic Journal Bearing Lubricated by Ferro Fluids with Couple Stresses
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140
140
2014-08-24
2014-08-24
10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.14
© Science Publishing Group
Chemically Reacting Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Oscillatory Slip Flow of a Micropolar Fluid in a Planer Channel with Varying Concentration
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.15
The study examines the problem of unsteady MHD mixed convection in a micropolar fluid with oscillatory flow of an electrically conducting optically thin fluid through a planer channel filled with saturated porous medium. The effect of buoyancy, heat source, thermal radiation and chemical reaction are taken into account embedded with slip boundary condition, varying temperature and concentration. The closed-form analytical solutions are obtained for the momentum, angular momentum, energy and concentration equations. The influence of the various parameters entering into the problem in the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are discussed with the help of graphs. Finally the effects of the pertinent parameters on the skin friction, couple stress and the rate of heat transfer coefficient at the plate are discussed.
The study examines the problem of unsteady MHD mixed convection in a micropolar fluid with oscillatory flow of an electrically conducting optically thin fluid through a planer channel filled with saturated porous medium. The effect of buoyancy, heat source, thermal radiation and chemical reaction are taken into account embedded with slip boundary condition, varying temperature and concentration. The closed-form analytical solutions are obtained for the momentum, angular momentum, energy and concentration equations. The influence of the various parameters entering into the problem in the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are discussed with the help of graphs. Finally the effects of the pertinent parameters on the skin friction, couple stress and the rate of heat transfer coefficient at the plate are discussed.
Chemically Reacting Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Oscillatory Slip Flow of a Micropolar Fluid in a Planer Channel with Varying Concentration
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-08-29
© Science Publishing Group
A. A. Bakr
Chemically Reacting Unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic Oscillatory Slip Flow of a Micropolar Fluid in a Planer Channel with Varying Concentration
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148
148
2014-08-29
2014-08-29
10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140204.15
© Science Publishing Group
Analytical Expressions for Commensal-Host Ecological Model: Homotopy Perturbation Method
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.11
In this paper a mathematical commensal-host ecological model with replenishment rate for both species is discussed. This model is characterized by a pair of first order non-linear coupled differential equations. The non-linear coupled system-equations are solved analytically by using Homotopy perturbation method. Further, our results are compared with the previous work and a satisfactory agreement is noted.
In this paper a mathematical commensal-host ecological model with replenishment rate for both species is discussed. This model is characterized by a pair of first order non-linear coupled differential equations. The non-linear coupled system-equations are solved analytically by using Homotopy perturbation method. Further, our results are compared with the previous work and a satisfactory agreement is noted.
Analytical Expressions for Commensal-Host Ecological Model: Homotopy Perturbation Method
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-09-16
© Science Publishing Group
Vembu Ananthaswamy
Lucas Sahaya Amalraj
Analytical Expressions for Commensal-Host Ecological Model: Homotopy Perturbation Method
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154
154
2014-09-16
2014-09-16
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Modified Midpoint Method for Solving System of Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.12
In this paper numerical solution to system of linear Fredholm integral equations by modified midpoint method is considered. This method transforms the system of linear Fredholm integral equations into a system of linear algebraic equations that can be solved easily with any of the usual methods. Finally, some illustrative examples are presented to test this method and the results reveal that this method is very effective and convenient by comparison with exact solution and with other numerical methods such as midpoint method, trapezoidal method, Simpson's method and modified trapezoidal method. All results are computed by using a programs written in Matlab R2012b.
In this paper numerical solution to system of linear Fredholm integral equations by modified midpoint method is considered. This method transforms the system of linear Fredholm integral equations into a system of linear algebraic equations that can be solved easily with any of the usual methods. Finally, some illustrative examples are presented to test this method and the results reveal that this method is very effective and convenient by comparison with exact solution and with other numerical methods such as midpoint method, trapezoidal method, Simpson's method and modified trapezoidal method. All results are computed by using a programs written in Matlab R2012b.
Modified Midpoint Method for Solving System of Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-09-23
© Science Publishing Group
Salam Jasim Majeed
Modified Midpoint Method for Solving System of Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second Kind
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161
161
2014-09-23
2014-09-23
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.12
© Science Publishing Group
Shape Preserving Third and Fifth Degrees Polynomial Splines
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.13
This paper is devoted to the development of positivity and monotonisity preserving linear spline techniques, namely, techniques which are based on ideas applied in the field of high order TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) methods for numerical solving compressible flow equations. Third and fifth degrees polynomial splines are constructed. Third degree splines include two variants, namely, monotonisity preserving and positivity preserving splines. These splines may be considered as modifications of classical cubic spline and may be identical to this spline for “good” data. These splines get shape preserviation at the cost of reducing smoothness till C^1. To restore C^2smoothness fifth degree polynomial splines are considered, which are constructed as a sum of base cubic shape preserving splines and fifth degree terms, which are chosen to provide continuity of the spline second derivative. These C^2fifth degree polynomial splines are observed to preserve monotonisity or positivity for all considered data with these properties.
This paper is devoted to the development of positivity and monotonisity preserving linear spline techniques, namely, techniques which are based on ideas applied in the field of high order TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) methods for numerical solving compressible flow equations. Third and fifth degrees polynomial splines are constructed. Third degree splines include two variants, namely, monotonisity preserving and positivity preserving splines. These splines may be considered as modifications of classical cubic spline and may be identical to this spline for “good” data. These splines get shape preserviation at the cost of reducing smoothness till C^1. To restore C^2smoothness fifth degree polynomial splines are considered, which are constructed as a sum of base cubic shape preserving splines and fifth degree terms, which are chosen to provide continuity of the spline second derivative. These C^2fifth degree polynomial splines are observed to preserve monotonisity or positivity for all considered data with these properties.
Shape Preserving Third and Fifth Degrees Polynomial Splines
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-09-29
© Science Publishing Group
Vladimir Ivanovich Pinchukov
Shape Preserving Third and Fifth Degrees Polynomial Splines
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169
169
2014-09-29
2014-09-29
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.13
© Science Publishing Group
Investigation of Hydro Magnetic Steady Flow between Two Infinite Parallel Vertical Porous Plates
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.14
In this study we consider MHD steady fluid flow between two infinite parallel vertical porous plates with heat transfer. The governing equations considered we reduced to specific form according to the geometry of the studied problem. The non-dimensional governing equations involved in the present analysis are solved using the finite difference technique and the expressions for velocity and temperature distributions have been obtained. The effect of different parameters such as magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, thermal Grashoff number, and the temperature and velocity distributions are discussed.
In this study we consider MHD steady fluid flow between two infinite parallel vertical porous plates with heat transfer. The governing equations considered we reduced to specific form according to the geometry of the studied problem. The non-dimensional governing equations involved in the present analysis are solved using the finite difference technique and the expressions for velocity and temperature distributions have been obtained. The effect of different parameters such as magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, thermal Grashoff number, and the temperature and velocity distributions are discussed.
Investigation of Hydro Magnetic Steady Flow between Two Infinite Parallel Vertical Porous Plates
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-10-14
© Science Publishing Group
Kimeu Boniface
Kwanza Jackson
Onyango Thomas
Investigation of Hydro Magnetic Steady Flow between Two Infinite Parallel Vertical Porous Plates
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178
178
2014-10-14
2014-10-14
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.14
© Science Publishing Group
On Chemically Reacting Hydromagnetic Flow over a Flat Surface in the Presence of Radiation with Viscous Dissipation and Convective Boundary Conditions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.15
This paper presents an investigation of the hydromagnetic flow over a flat surface with convective boundary conditions and internal heat generation in the presence of chemical reaction. The Newton-Raphson shooting method along with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm has been employed to tackle the third order, nonlinear boundary layer equation governing the problem. Results have been graphically displayed and discussed quantitatively to show some interesting aspects of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless axial velocity, temperature and the concentration profiles, local skin friction, and the rate of heat and mass transfer. Comparison of the numerical results of the present paper with earlier published works under some special cases showed consistency.
This paper presents an investigation of the hydromagnetic flow over a flat surface with convective boundary conditions and internal heat generation in the presence of chemical reaction. The Newton-Raphson shooting method along with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm has been employed to tackle the third order, nonlinear boundary layer equation governing the problem. Results have been graphically displayed and discussed quantitatively to show some interesting aspects of the controlling parameters on the dimensionless axial velocity, temperature and the concentration profiles, local skin friction, and the rate of heat and mass transfer. Comparison of the numerical results of the present paper with earlier published works under some special cases showed consistency.
On Chemically Reacting Hydromagnetic Flow over a Flat Surface in the Presence of Radiation with Viscous Dissipation and Convective Boundary Conditions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-10-15
© Science Publishing Group
Emmanuel Maurice Arthur
Ibrahim Yakubu Seini
Azizu Seidu
On Chemically Reacting Hydromagnetic Flow over a Flat Surface in the Presence of Radiation with Viscous Dissipation and Convective Boundary Conditions
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185
185
2014-10-15
2014-10-15
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.15
© Science Publishing Group
A Novel Iteration Class for Solution of Nonlinear Equation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.16
In this paper, one of the most fundament problems in numerical analysis has designed that it is found roots of equation f(x)=0 with variable x. In different articles and books, many several of methods exist for solving non algebra equations. Here, we present a class of Halley method and Chebyshev method from second derivatives for solving non algebra equations. In fact, it can be said that the best and the most convenient solution is the Newton method. We have this new method called class of Halley-Chebyshev method that this method also has second derivatives.
In this paper, one of the most fundament problems in numerical analysis has designed that it is found roots of equation f(x)=0 with variable x. In different articles and books, many several of methods exist for solving non algebra equations. Here, we present a class of Halley method and Chebyshev method from second derivatives for solving non algebra equations. In fact, it can be said that the best and the most convenient solution is the Newton method. We have this new method called class of Halley-Chebyshev method that this method also has second derivatives.
A Novel Iteration Class for Solution of Nonlinear Equation
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.16
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-10-22
© Science Publishing Group
Hamideh Eskandari
A Novel Iteration Class for Solution of Nonlinear Equation
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190
190
2014-10-22
2014-10-22
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.16
© Science Publishing Group
Influence of Customer Attitude on Uptake of Life Insurance among Teachers in Uasin Gishu County - Kenya
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.17
Despite its importance in business, economic growth, and particularly in financial services sector, life insurance in Kenya has experienced low uptake. This research sought to find out the customer attitude influence on the uptake of life insurance among teachers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The research focused on customer attitude as a factor. A survey of the teachers in the Uasin Gishu County, Kenya was carried out. 302 teachers in Wareng Sub-county were sampled. Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to measure the validity of the research instruments. Moreover, pilot of 35 questionnaires was used to enhance the instrument’s reliability. It was found out that there exists some relationship between customer attitude and the level of uptake of life insurance among teachers in Uasin Gishu County since the correlation coefficient r of 0.433 was established and a p value of 0.000. Hence the p value is less than α =0.01, which is the set significant level. Moreover, a regression of the standardized beta values, of 0. 0.713 was found. This meant the customer attitude influences the level of uptake of life insurance by teachers. The findings pointed that great effort should put by stakeholders to increase perception of life insurance and hence enhance customer attitude.
Despite its importance in business, economic growth, and particularly in financial services sector, life insurance in Kenya has experienced low uptake. This research sought to find out the customer attitude influence on the uptake of life insurance among teachers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The research focused on customer attitude as a factor. A survey of the teachers in the Uasin Gishu County, Kenya was carried out. 302 teachers in Wareng Sub-county were sampled. Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to measure the validity of the research instruments. Moreover, pilot of 35 questionnaires was used to enhance the instrument’s reliability. It was found out that there exists some relationship between customer attitude and the level of uptake of life insurance among teachers in Uasin Gishu County since the correlation coefficient r of 0.433 was established and a p value of 0.000. Hence the p value is less than α =0.01, which is the set significant level. Moreover, a regression of the standardized beta values, of 0. 0.713 was found. This meant the customer attitude influences the level of uptake of life insurance by teachers. The findings pointed that great effort should put by stakeholders to increase perception of life insurance and hence enhance customer attitude.
Influence of Customer Attitude on Uptake of Life Insurance among Teachers in Uasin Gishu County - Kenya
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.17
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-11-05
© Science Publishing Group
Nelson Kimeli Kemboi Yego
Kennedy Kipkosgei Salbei
Evans Mbuthi Kilonzo
Influence of Customer Attitude on Uptake of Life Insurance among Teachers in Uasin Gishu County - Kenya
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196
196
2014-11-05
2014-11-05
10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140205.17
© Science Publishing Group
Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation on Magneto Hydrodynamics Natural Convection Flow along a Vertical Wavy Surface
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.11
In this paper we consider the combined effects of viscous dissipation and heat generation on MHD natural convection flow along a vertical wavy surface are studied. The governing Navier-Stokes equations with associated boundary conditions are transformed into non-dimensional boundary layer equations using appropriate variables. Implicit finite difference method based on Keller-box scheme is used to solve these governing equations. The numerical results in terms of the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfer in terms of local Nusselt number, the streamlines as well as the isotherms are discussed and shown graphically for different values of viscous dissipation parameter N, heat generation parameter Q and magnetic parameter M.
In this paper we consider the combined effects of viscous dissipation and heat generation on MHD natural convection flow along a vertical wavy surface are studied. The governing Navier-Stokes equations with associated boundary conditions are transformed into non-dimensional boundary layer equations using appropriate variables. Implicit finite difference method based on Keller-box scheme is used to solve these governing equations. The numerical results in terms of the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfer in terms of local Nusselt number, the streamlines as well as the isotherms are discussed and shown graphically for different values of viscous dissipation parameter N, heat generation parameter Q and magnetic parameter M.
Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation on Magneto Hydrodynamics Natural Convection Flow along a Vertical Wavy Surface
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-11-27
© Science Publishing Group
Sujon Nath
Nazma Parveen
Effects of Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation on Magneto Hydrodynamics Natural Convection Flow along a Vertical Wavy Surface
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2014-11-27
2014-11-27
10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Cyclical Surfaces Created by Helix on Torus
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.12
This paper describes method of modelling of cyclical surfaces created by helix on the torus . The axis of the cyclical surface ´ is the helix s as a trajectory of movement of a point composed of two motions of rotation. The circle moves together with Frenet-Serret moving trihedron along the helix s and creates the cyclical surface ´. The paper describes modelling of cyclical surfaces created by moving circles about tangent, principal normal or binormal of the helix s. Paper describes also modelling of triangular grids on the torus. The grids are created by right-handed and left-handed cyclical helical surfaces and by cyclical surfaces with axis on meridians and circles on the torus.
This paper describes method of modelling of cyclical surfaces created by helix on the torus . The axis of the cyclical surface ´ is the helix s as a trajectory of movement of a point composed of two motions of rotation. The circle moves together with Frenet-Serret moving trihedron along the helix s and creates the cyclical surface ´. The paper describes modelling of cyclical surfaces created by moving circles about tangent, principal normal or binormal of the helix s. Paper describes also modelling of triangular grids on the torus. The grids are created by right-handed and left-handed cyclical helical surfaces and by cyclical surfaces with axis on meridians and circles on the torus.
Cyclical Surfaces Created by Helix on Torus
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-12-19
© Science Publishing Group
Tatiana Olejníková
Cyclical Surfaces Created by Helix on Torus
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208
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2014-12-19
2014-12-19
10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
A Grey Relational Analysis Based Study on Green Degree Evaluation of Urban Logistics
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.13
According to the urban logistics green degree’s evaluation, a weighted grey correlation analysis method based on the analytic hierarchy process is proposed to determine the weight of each index in the urban logistics green degree evaluation system, and then figure out the optimal relative degree, realizing the green degree of each urban logistics. Finally, an example was given for proving the evaluation methods’ intuitive and high efficient.
According to the urban logistics green degree’s evaluation, a weighted grey correlation analysis method based on the analytic hierarchy process is proposed to determine the weight of each index in the urban logistics green degree evaluation system, and then figure out the optimal relative degree, realizing the green degree of each urban logistics. Finally, an example was given for proving the evaluation methods’ intuitive and high efficient.
A Grey Relational Analysis Based Study on Green Degree Evaluation of Urban Logistics
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-12-19
© Science Publishing Group
Lijuan Qian
Jinlin Ma
Zongbo Zhang
Daming Zhang
Kaiping Ma
A Grey Relational Analysis Based Study on Green Degree Evaluation of Urban Logistics
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213
213
2014-12-19
2014-12-19
10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.13
© Science Publishing Group
Radiative MHD Flow over a Vertical Plate with Convective Boundary Condition
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.14
This paper investigates the effect of thermal radiation on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a vertical plate with convective boundary conditions. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into coupled nonlinear differential equations which were solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting method. Numerical results for the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfer represented by the local Nusselt number and the plate surface temperature were presented whilst the velocity and temperature profiles illustrated graphically and analyzed. The effects of the Biot number, Grashof number, magnetic field parameter, Eckert number, Prandtl number and radiation parameter on the flow field were discussed.
This paper investigates the effect of thermal radiation on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow over a vertical plate with convective boundary conditions. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into coupled nonlinear differential equations which were solved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with a shooting method. Numerical results for the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfer represented by the local Nusselt number and the plate surface temperature were presented whilst the velocity and temperature profiles illustrated graphically and analyzed. The effects of the Biot number, Grashof number, magnetic field parameter, Eckert number, Prandtl number and radiation parameter on the flow field were discussed.
Radiative MHD Flow over a Vertical Plate with Convective Boundary Condition
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-04
© Science Publishing Group
Christian John Etwire
Yakubu Ibrahim Seini
Radiative MHD Flow over a Vertical Plate with Convective Boundary Condition
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220
220
2015-01-04
2015-01-04
10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.14
© Science Publishing Group
Numerical Experiments with the Lagrange Multiplier and Conjugate Gradient Methods (ILMCGM)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.15
In this paper, we imbed Langrage Multiplier Method (LMM) in Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM), which enables Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) to be employed for solving constrained optimization problems of either equality, inequality constraint or both. In the past, Langrage Multiplier Method has been used extensively to solve constrained optimization problems. However, with some special features in CGM which makes it unique in solving unconstrained optimization problems, we see that this features we be advantageous to solve constrained optimization problems if we can add or subtract one or two things into the CGM. This, then call for the Numerical Experiments with the Lagrange Multiplier Conjugate Gradient Method (ILMCGM) that is aimed at taking care of any constrained optimization problems, either with equality or inequality constraint The authors of this paper desire that, with the construction of the Algorithm, one will circumvent the difficulties undergone using only LMM to solve constrained optimization problems and its application will further improve the result of the Conjugate Gradient Method in solving this class of optimization problem. We applied the new algorithm to some constrained optimization problems of two, three and four variables in which some of the problems are pertain to quadratic functions. Some of these functions are subject to linear, nonlinear, equality and inequality constraints.
In this paper, we imbed Langrage Multiplier Method (LMM) in Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM), which enables Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) to be employed for solving constrained optimization problems of either equality, inequality constraint or both. In the past, Langrage Multiplier Method has been used extensively to solve constrained optimization problems. However, with some special features in CGM which makes it unique in solving unconstrained optimization problems, we see that this features we be advantageous to solve constrained optimization problems if we can add or subtract one or two things into the CGM. This, then call for the Numerical Experiments with the Lagrange Multiplier Conjugate Gradient Method (ILMCGM) that is aimed at taking care of any constrained optimization problems, either with equality or inequality constraint The authors of this paper desire that, with the construction of the Algorithm, one will circumvent the difficulties undergone using only LMM to solve constrained optimization problems and its application will further improve the result of the Conjugate Gradient Method in solving this class of optimization problem. We applied the new algorithm to some constrained optimization problems of two, three and four variables in which some of the problems are pertain to quadratic functions. Some of these functions are subject to linear, nonlinear, equality and inequality constraints.
Numerical Experiments with the Lagrange Multiplier and Conjugate Gradient Methods (ILMCGM)
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-06
© Science Publishing Group
Samson Adebayo Olorunsola
Temitayo Emmanuel Olaosebikan
Kayode James Adebayo
Numerical Experiments with the Lagrange Multiplier and Conjugate Gradient Methods (ILMCGM)
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226
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2015-01-06
2015-01-06
10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20140206.15
© Science Publishing Group
Asymptotic Analysis for Blocking Probabilities of Optical Buffer with General Packet-Length Distributions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2014020601.11
Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to be suitable as a transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part for solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers. This work aims to give a highly accurate approximation of the blocking probabilities of the optical buffers for a generally distributed packet length even when the offered load is extremely low. Such a tool is needed for investigating and designing realistic optical packet switches, which will be used for low-offered-load and low-packet-loss optical IP networks. We use the asymptotic expansion for the decay rate, resulting in a highly accurate approximation. By using the fourth order approximation of the decay rate, an accuracy within 10 % was obtained for both the exponential and uniform distribution cases of an offered load greater than 0.3. The approximations established in this work can be applied to investigate multiclass optical buffers for priority queueing.
Asynchronous optical packet switching seems to be suitable as a transport technology for the next-generation Internet due to the variable lengths of IP packets. Optical buffers in the output port are an integral part for solving contention by exploiting the time domain. Fiber delay lines (FDLs) are a well-known technique for achieving optical buffers. This work aims to give a highly accurate approximation of the blocking probabilities of the optical buffers for a generally distributed packet length even when the offered load is extremely low. Such a tool is needed for investigating and designing realistic optical packet switches, which will be used for low-offered-load and low-packet-loss optical IP networks. We use the asymptotic expansion for the decay rate, resulting in a highly accurate approximation. By using the fourth order approximation of the decay rate, an accuracy within 10 % was obtained for both the exponential and uniform distribution cases of an offered load greater than 0.3. The approximations established in this work can be applied to investigate multiclass optical buffers for priority queueing.
Asymptotic Analysis for Blocking Probabilities of Optical Buffer with General Packet-Length Distributions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2014020601.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-10
© Science Publishing Group
Yasuji Murakami
Asymptotic Analysis for Blocking Probabilities of Optical Buffer with General Packet-Length Distributions
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10
10
2015-01-10
2015-01-10
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2014020601.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2014020601.11
© Science Publishing Group
Carleman Approximation on Riemannian Manifolds by Harmonic Functions with Newtonian Singularities
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.11
In 1927, it was proved by Carleman that the real line was a set of Carleman approximation by entire functions. In this paper, the analogous problem for harmonic approximation on Riemannian manifolds is discussed.
In 1927, it was proved by Carleman that the real line was a set of Carleman approximation by entire functions. In this paper, the analogous problem for harmonic approximation on Riemannian manifolds is discussed.
Carleman Approximation on Riemannian Manifolds by Harmonic Functions with Newtonian Singularities
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-14
© Science Publishing Group
Pierre Blanchet
Carleman Approximation on Riemannian Manifolds by Harmonic Functions with Newtonian Singularities
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1
3
3
2015-01-14
2015-01-14
10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Fixed Point Theorem on Reciprocally Continuous Self Mapping under Menger Space
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.12
The Fixed Point Theorem had been proved on Reciprocally Continuous Self Mapping. In this paper the fixed point theorem on reciprocally continuous self mapping is proved under Menger Space.
The Fixed Point Theorem had been proved on Reciprocally Continuous Self Mapping. In this paper the fixed point theorem on reciprocally continuous self mapping is proved under Menger Space.
A Fixed Point Theorem on Reciprocally Continuous Self Mapping under Menger Space
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-15
© Science Publishing Group
Neha Jain
Rajesh Shrivastava
K. Qureshi
A Fixed Point Theorem on Reciprocally Continuous Self Mapping under Menger Space
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7
7
2015-01-15
2015-01-15
10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Numerical Experiment with the Construction of a Control Operator Applied in ECGM Algorithm
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.13
In this paper, we constructed a control operator, G, which enables an Extended Conjugate Gradient Method (ECGM) to be employed in solving for the optimal control and trajectories of continuous time linear regulator problems. Similar operators constructed in the past by various authors have limited application. This call for the construction of the control operator that is aimed at taking care of any of the Mayer’s, Lagrange’s and Bolza’s cost form of linear regulator problems. The authors of this paper desire that, with the construction of the operator, one will circumvent the difficulties undergone using the classical methods and its application will further improve the result of the Extended Conjugate Gradient Method in solving this class of optimal control problem. The constructed Linear Control Operator is applied in ECGM algorithm to solve Continuous-Time Linear Regulator Problems with the convergence profile showing the efficiency of the operator.
In this paper, we constructed a control operator, G, which enables an Extended Conjugate Gradient Method (ECGM) to be employed in solving for the optimal control and trajectories of continuous time linear regulator problems. Similar operators constructed in the past by various authors have limited application. This call for the construction of the control operator that is aimed at taking care of any of the Mayer’s, Lagrange’s and Bolza’s cost form of linear regulator problems. The authors of this paper desire that, with the construction of the operator, one will circumvent the difficulties undergone using the classical methods and its application will further improve the result of the Extended Conjugate Gradient Method in solving this class of optimal control problem. The constructed Linear Control Operator is applied in ECGM algorithm to solve Continuous-Time Linear Regulator Problems with the convergence profile showing the efficiency of the operator.
Numerical Experiment with the Construction of a Control Operator Applied in ECGM Algorithm
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-20
© Science Publishing Group
Felix Makanjuola Aderibigbe
Bosede Ojo
Kayode James Adebayo
Numerical Experiment with the Construction of a Control Operator Applied in ECGM Algorithm
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13
2015-01-20
2015-01-20
10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.13
© Science Publishing Group
Numerical Solution of Mixed Convective Laminar Boundary Layer Flow around a Vertical Slender Body with Suction or Blowing
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.14
In this paper, the numerical solution of mixed convective laminar boundary layer flow around a vertical slender body with suction or blowing has been investigated. Firstly, the governing boundary layer partial differential equations have been made dimensionless and then simplified by using Boussinesq approximation. Secondly, similarity transformations are introduced on the basis of detailed analysis in order to transform the simplified coupled partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. The transformed complete similarity equations are solved numerically by using computer software. Finally, the flow phenomenon has been characterized with the help of obtained flow controlling parameters such as suction parameter, buoyancy parameter, Prandtl number, body-radius parameter and other driving parameters. Finally the effects of involved parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions are presented graphically. It is found that a small suction or blowing can play a significant role on the patterns of flow and temperature fields.
In this paper, the numerical solution of mixed convective laminar boundary layer flow around a vertical slender body with suction or blowing has been investigated. Firstly, the governing boundary layer partial differential equations have been made dimensionless and then simplified by using Boussinesq approximation. Secondly, similarity transformations are introduced on the basis of detailed analysis in order to transform the simplified coupled partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. The transformed complete similarity equations are solved numerically by using computer software. Finally, the flow phenomenon has been characterized with the help of obtained flow controlling parameters such as suction parameter, buoyancy parameter, Prandtl number, body-radius parameter and other driving parameters. Finally the effects of involved parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions are presented graphically. It is found that a small suction or blowing can play a significant role on the patterns of flow and temperature fields.
Numerical Solution of Mixed Convective Laminar Boundary Layer Flow around a Vertical Slender Body with Suction or Blowing
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-27
© Science Publishing Group
Md. Hasanuzzaman
Masud Rabbani
M. M. Touhid Hossain
M. Arif Hossain
R. Nandi
Numerical Solution of Mixed Convective Laminar Boundary Layer Flow around a Vertical Slender Body with Suction or Blowing
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2015-01-27
2015-01-27
10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.14
© Science Publishing Group
Transport Equation for the Joint Distribution Functions of Certain Variables in Convective Dusty Fluid Turbulent Flow in a Rotating System under Going a First Order Reaction
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.15
In this paper, the joint distribution functions for simultaneous velocity, temperature, concentration fields in turbulent flow under going a first order reaction in a rotating system in presence of dust particles have been studied. The various properties of the constructed joint distribution functions such as, reduction property, separation property, coincidence and symmetric properties have been discussed. Lastly, the transport equations for the joint distribution function of velocity, temperature and concentration in convective turbulent flow under going a first order reaction in a rotating system in presence of dust particles have been derived.
In this paper, the joint distribution functions for simultaneous velocity, temperature, concentration fields in turbulent flow under going a first order reaction in a rotating system in presence of dust particles have been studied. The various properties of the constructed joint distribution functions such as, reduction property, separation property, coincidence and symmetric properties have been discussed. Lastly, the transport equations for the joint distribution function of velocity, temperature and concentration in convective turbulent flow under going a first order reaction in a rotating system in presence of dust particles have been derived.
Transport Equation for the Joint Distribution Functions of Certain Variables in Convective Dusty Fluid Turbulent Flow in a Rotating System under Going a First Order Reaction
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-01-30
© Science Publishing Group
M. A. K. Azad
Mst. Mumtahinah
M. A. Bkar Pk
Transport Equation for the Joint Distribution Functions of Certain Variables in Convective Dusty Fluid Turbulent Flow in a Rotating System under Going a First Order Reaction
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2015-01-30
2015-01-30
10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150301.15
© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Internal Heat Generation or Absorption on MHD Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid Driven Cavity
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.13
In the present study the problem of mixed convection flow in the presence of magnetic field in a lid-driven square cavity with internal heat generation or absorption and uniform heating of bottom wall were investigated numerically. The square cavity vertical walls are maintained at cold temperature while the upper wall is insulated. The physical problem is then expressed mathematically by a set of governing equations and the developed mathematical model is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. Effects of variations of Richardson number, Hartmann number and heat generation or absorption parameter on flow structure and heat transfer rate (Nuesselt number) were studied in details. The significant reduction in the average Nusselt number were produced as the strength of the applied magnetic field was increased. In addition, heat generation predicted to decrease the average Nusselt number whereas heat absorption increases it.
In the present study the problem of mixed convection flow in the presence of magnetic field in a lid-driven square cavity with internal heat generation or absorption and uniform heating of bottom wall were investigated numerically. The square cavity vertical walls are maintained at cold temperature while the upper wall is insulated. The physical problem is then expressed mathematically by a set of governing equations and the developed mathematical model is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. Effects of variations of Richardson number, Hartmann number and heat generation or absorption parameter on flow structure and heat transfer rate (Nuesselt number) were studied in details. The significant reduction in the average Nusselt number were produced as the strength of the applied magnetic field was increased. In addition, heat generation predicted to decrease the average Nusselt number whereas heat absorption increases it.
Effect of Internal Heat Generation or Absorption on MHD Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid Driven Cavity
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-11-29
© Science Publishing Group
Litan Kumar Saha
K. M. Salah Uddin
M. A. Taher
Effect of Internal Heat Generation or Absorption on MHD Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid Driven Cavity
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2014-11-29
2014-11-29
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.13
© Science Publishing Group
Hydro-Magnetic Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid-Driven Cavity with Wavy Bottom Surface
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.12
Mixed convection flow in the presence of magnetic field is examined in a lid-driven cavity with wavy bottom surface. The magnetic field is applied in perpendicular direction to the cavity. Moreover, the cavity is heated from top while the bottom surface is taken as a wavy pattern. The vertical walls of the cavity are adiabatic. The governing equations have been solved by using Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. To uncover the flow patterns and heat transfer mechanisms within the cavity, the results are presented in terms of streamlines and isotherms for different Reynolds number, Grashof number, Hartmann number and number of undulations offered by the wavy bottom surface. Also the effects of these parameters are shown on the Local Nusselt number. It is observed that the wavy lid-driven cavity can be considered as an effective heat transfer mechanism in presence of magnetic field at larger wavy surface amplitudes and low Richardson numbers.
Mixed convection flow in the presence of magnetic field is examined in a lid-driven cavity with wavy bottom surface. The magnetic field is applied in perpendicular direction to the cavity. Moreover, the cavity is heated from top while the bottom surface is taken as a wavy pattern. The vertical walls of the cavity are adiabatic. The governing equations have been solved by using Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. To uncover the flow patterns and heat transfer mechanisms within the cavity, the results are presented in terms of streamlines and isotherms for different Reynolds number, Grashof number, Hartmann number and number of undulations offered by the wavy bottom surface. Also the effects of these parameters are shown on the Local Nusselt number. It is observed that the wavy lid-driven cavity can be considered as an effective heat transfer mechanism in presence of magnetic field at larger wavy surface amplitudes and low Richardson numbers.
Hydro-Magnetic Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid-Driven Cavity with Wavy Bottom Surface
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-11-29
© Science Publishing Group
Litan Kumar Saha
Monotos Chandra Somadder
Nepal Chandra Roy
Hydro-Magnetic Mixed Convection Flow in a Lid-Driven Cavity with Wavy Bottom Surface
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19
19
2014-11-29
2014-11-29
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Effects of Aspect Ratios on Flow Friction and Thermal Behavior Inside a Close Domain Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.11
Numerical study of flow friction and thermal behavior on a moving lid of a triangular cavity with various aspect ratios has been discussed using a Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method (TLBM). To analyze the combined force and free convection, known as mixed convection, flows and heat transfer process in a lid driven triangular cavity with various aspect ratios AR(=L/H)=0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 are taken into account in the present study. The results are presented as stream function in terms of velocity, average heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number (Nu), and friction on moving lid of cavity for different Reynolds number (Re) as well as buoyancy parameter (λ). The heat transfer rate and friction on moving lid increased and decreased significantly with increasing Reynolds number and aspect ratios but they are linearly and very slowly changed with buoyancy effects. Similarly, the fluid flow behavior significantly changed with higher Reynolds number and aspect ratios compare to lower Re and AR. In addition, the less friction and more heat transfer occurred at case of free convection dominant case compare to forced convection dominant case. Similar behavior is observed for fluid flow analysis inside cavity. The model is validated by other numerical scheme and a very good agreement is found.
Numerical study of flow friction and thermal behavior on a moving lid of a triangular cavity with various aspect ratios has been discussed using a Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method (TLBM). To analyze the combined force and free convection, known as mixed convection, flows and heat transfer process in a lid driven triangular cavity with various aspect ratios AR(=L/H)=0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 are taken into account in the present study. The results are presented as stream function in terms of velocity, average heat transfer rate in terms of Nusselt number (Nu), and friction on moving lid of cavity for different Reynolds number (Re) as well as buoyancy parameter (λ). The heat transfer rate and friction on moving lid increased and decreased significantly with increasing Reynolds number and aspect ratios but they are linearly and very slowly changed with buoyancy effects. Similarly, the fluid flow behavior significantly changed with higher Reynolds number and aspect ratios compare to lower Re and AR. In addition, the less friction and more heat transfer occurred at case of free convection dominant case compare to forced convection dominant case. Similar behavior is observed for fluid flow analysis inside cavity. The model is validated by other numerical scheme and a very good agreement is found.
Effects of Aspect Ratios on Flow Friction and Thermal Behavior Inside a Close Domain Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-11-29
© Science Publishing Group
M. A. Taher
Litan Kumar Saha
Y. W. Lee
Effects of Aspect Ratios on Flow Friction and Thermal Behavior Inside a Close Domain Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
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1
7
7
2014-11-29
2014-11-29
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Numerical Solutions of 2-D Incompressible Driven Cavity Flow with Wavy Bottom Surface
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.14
In the present numerical study is devoted to investigate the lid-driven cavity flow with wavy bottom surface. The cavity upper wall is moving with a uniform velocity by unity and the other walls are no-slip. The physical problem is represented mathematically by a set of governing equations and the developed mathematical model is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The wide ranges of governing parameters, i. e., the Reynolds number (Re), and the number of undulations (λ) on the flow structures are investigated in detail. The behavior of the force coefficient Cf also has been examined. Streamline plots provide the details of fluid flow. The fluid contained inside a squared cavity is set into motion by the top wall which is sliding at constant velocity from left to right and the undulation which was induced at the bottom surface. It is found that these parameters have significant effect on the flow fields in the cavity. Furthermore, the trends of skin friction for different values of the aforementioned parameters are presented in this investigation.
In the present numerical study is devoted to investigate the lid-driven cavity flow with wavy bottom surface. The cavity upper wall is moving with a uniform velocity by unity and the other walls are no-slip. The physical problem is represented mathematically by a set of governing equations and the developed mathematical model is solved by employing Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The wide ranges of governing parameters, i. e., the Reynolds number (Re), and the number of undulations (λ) on the flow structures are investigated in detail. The behavior of the force coefficient Cf also has been examined. Streamline plots provide the details of fluid flow. The fluid contained inside a squared cavity is set into motion by the top wall which is sliding at constant velocity from left to right and the undulation which was induced at the bottom surface. It is found that these parameters have significant effect on the flow fields in the cavity. Furthermore, the trends of skin friction for different values of the aforementioned parameters are presented in this investigation.
Numerical Solutions of 2-D Incompressible Driven Cavity Flow with Wavy Bottom Surface
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
K. M. Salah Uddin
Litan Kumar Saha
Numerical Solutions of 2-D Incompressible Driven Cavity Flow with Wavy Bottom Surface
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42
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030101.14
© Science Publishing Group
A Survey on Various Task Scheduling Algorithms Toward Load Balancing in Public Cloud
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.13
Cloud computing is one of the real innovation in giving a shared pool of resources globally. In cloud computing there exist diverse sorts of architectures in particular private, public, hybrid and so on. The cloud computing is also meant for providing service via platform (PaaS), Infrastructure (IaaS), Software (SaaS). The term capacity planning is used to dynamically upscale or downscale the computing resources accordingly. There will be many job requests which require to get executed among the available resources in a particular cloud in order to achieve the maximum throughput, minimum waiting time and best overall performance. In this paper a systematic review is made on various job scheduling algorithms along with their working procedure and a comparison among these algorithms is presented. The paper concludes with a proposed system with improvised QoS parameters to provide a load balanced task scheduling algorithm for public clouds.
Cloud computing is one of the real innovation in giving a shared pool of resources globally. In cloud computing there exist diverse sorts of architectures in particular private, public, hybrid and so on. The cloud computing is also meant for providing service via platform (PaaS), Infrastructure (IaaS), Software (SaaS). The term capacity planning is used to dynamically upscale or downscale the computing resources accordingly. There will be many job requests which require to get executed among the available resources in a particular cloud in order to achieve the maximum throughput, minimum waiting time and best overall performance. In this paper a systematic review is made on various job scheduling algorithms along with their working procedure and a comparison among these algorithms is presented. The paper concludes with a proposed system with improvised QoS parameters to provide a load balanced task scheduling algorithm for public clouds.
A Survey on Various Task Scheduling Algorithms Toward Load Balancing in Public Cloud
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-12-30
© Science Publishing Group
Pradeep Naik
Surbhi Agrawal
Srikanta Murthy
A Survey on Various Task Scheduling Algorithms Toward Load Balancing in Public Cloud
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17
2014-12-30
2014-12-30
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.13
© Science Publishing Group
Public Cloud User Authentication and Data Confidentiality Using Image Steganography with Hash Function
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.11
Public cloud is an environment in which many users share resources, but the consumer has to sacrifice security owing to the multi - tenancy feature of cloud computing. However, maintaining Confidentiality and Security for critical data is highly challenging. Taking account of the static nature of user validation, this paper address authentication and confidentiality issues. A methodology has been proposed for user authentication to make cloud server, dynamic in nature, based on the time stamp and other parameters. The confidential data are embedded randomly in images using steganography as a basic technique, in which a new method of encryption and decryption is proposed. The methodology of encryption or decryption uses odd Fibonacci series values and a hash function to prepare hash value series. This hash value series is multiplied with ASCII codes of the original data which need to embed, in decryption process and similar technique have been used here, rather than the technique of multiplying ASCII codes with hash value using division operation.
Public cloud is an environment in which many users share resources, but the consumer has to sacrifice security owing to the multi - tenancy feature of cloud computing. However, maintaining Confidentiality and Security for critical data is highly challenging. Taking account of the static nature of user validation, this paper address authentication and confidentiality issues. A methodology has been proposed for user authentication to make cloud server, dynamic in nature, based on the time stamp and other parameters. The confidential data are embedded randomly in images using steganography as a basic technique, in which a new method of encryption and decryption is proposed. The methodology of encryption or decryption uses odd Fibonacci series values and a hash function to prepare hash value series. This hash value series is multiplied with ASCII codes of the original data which need to embed, in decryption process and similar technique have been used here, rather than the technique of multiplying ASCII codes with hash value using division operation.
Public Cloud User Authentication and Data Confidentiality Using Image Steganography with Hash Function
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-12-27
© Science Publishing Group
Bidisha Goswami
Ravichandra G.
Public Cloud User Authentication and Data Confidentiality Using Image Steganography with Hash Function
3
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8
8
2014-12-27
2014-12-27
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.11
© Science Publishing Group
Digital Restoration of Archaeological Heritage
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.12
Virtual Restoration of archaeological heritage stems from the need to create a clearer and better image of the beautiful historic monuments now in ruins. It gives the viewer a sense and feel of how the heritage originally looked. For this, there are many restoration projects of the major historic sites, paintings etc, going on across the world. Computers have been introduced to archaeology and cultural heritage as tools for promoting scientific work and as electronic aids for providing users with substantial information on archaeological heritage. Small holes and breakages in the monuments/paintings can severely degrade its appeal to viewers. Image restoration is the operation of taking a corrupted/noisy image and estimating the clean original image. In this work, we have proposed a method to automatically detect the defect in the corrupted image using Perona Malik Anisotropic Diffusion and Binary Thresholding, followed by Image Inpainting with Navier-Stokes Method, which have been found to be effective in the art of restoring lost/selected parts of an image based on the background information in a visually plausible way.
Virtual Restoration of archaeological heritage stems from the need to create a clearer and better image of the beautiful historic monuments now in ruins. It gives the viewer a sense and feel of how the heritage originally looked. For this, there are many restoration projects of the major historic sites, paintings etc, going on across the world. Computers have been introduced to archaeology and cultural heritage as tools for promoting scientific work and as electronic aids for providing users with substantial information on archaeological heritage. Small holes and breakages in the monuments/paintings can severely degrade its appeal to viewers. Image restoration is the operation of taking a corrupted/noisy image and estimating the clean original image. In this work, we have proposed a method to automatically detect the defect in the corrupted image using Perona Malik Anisotropic Diffusion and Binary Thresholding, followed by Image Inpainting with Navier-Stokes Method, which have been found to be effective in the art of restoring lost/selected parts of an image based on the background information in a visually plausible way.
Digital Restoration of Archaeological Heritage
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2014-12-19
© Science Publishing Group
Supriya P. Deshpande
Preeti Sangamesh
Digital Restoration of Archaeological Heritage
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13
2014-12-19
2014-12-19
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030102.12
© Science Publishing Group
A Strategy for Solving the Non Symmetries Arising in Nonlinear Consolidation of Partially Saturated Soils
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.11
The main scope of this paper is to present an alternative to tackle the problem of the non symmetries arising in the solution of the nonlinear couple consolidation problem based on a combination of different stress states. Being originally a non symmetric problem, it may be straightforward reduced to a symmetric one, and the conditions in which this reduction may be carried out, are addressed. Non linear saturation-suction and permeability-suction functions were regarded. The geometric model was developed considering an updated lagrangian description with a co-rotated Kirchhoff stress tensor. This description leads to a non-symmetric stiffness matrix and a simple alternative, using a symmetric constitutive matrix, is addressed to overcome this situation. The whole equation system was solved using an open finite element code FECCUND, developed by the authors. In order to validate the model, various examples, for which previous solutions are known, were solved. The use of either a strongly non linear and no symmetric formulation or a simple symmetric formulation with accurate prediction in deformation and pore-pressures is extremely dependent on the soil characteristic curves and on the shear efforts level, as well. A numerical example show the predictive capability of this geometrically non linear fully coupled model for attaining the proposed goal.
The main scope of this paper is to present an alternative to tackle the problem of the non symmetries arising in the solution of the nonlinear couple consolidation problem based on a combination of different stress states. Being originally a non symmetric problem, it may be straightforward reduced to a symmetric one, and the conditions in which this reduction may be carried out, are addressed. Non linear saturation-suction and permeability-suction functions were regarded. The geometric model was developed considering an updated lagrangian description with a co-rotated Kirchhoff stress tensor. This description leads to a non-symmetric stiffness matrix and a simple alternative, using a symmetric constitutive matrix, is addressed to overcome this situation. The whole equation system was solved using an open finite element code FECCUND, developed by the authors. In order to validate the model, various examples, for which previous solutions are known, were solved. The use of either a strongly non linear and no symmetric formulation or a simple symmetric formulation with accurate prediction in deformation and pore-pressures is extremely dependent on the soil characteristic curves and on the shear efforts level, as well. A numerical example show the predictive capability of this geometrically non linear fully coupled model for attaining the proposed goal.
A Strategy for Solving the Non Symmetries Arising in Nonlinear Consolidation of Partially Saturated Soils
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-02-02
© Science Publishing Group
Héctor Ariel Di Rado
Pablo Alejandro Beneyto
Javier Luis Mroginski
Juan Emilio Manzolillo
A Strategy for Solving the Non Symmetries Arising in Nonlinear Consolidation of Partially Saturated Soils
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35
35
2015-02-02
2015-02-02
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Mathematical Modelling of Endemic Malaria Transmission
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.12
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted between humans through bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. A mathematical model describes the dynamics of malaria and human population compartments in terms of mathematical equations and these equations represent the relations between relevant properties of the compartments. The aim of the study is to understand the important parameters in the transmission and spread of endemic malaria disease, and try to find appropriate solutions and strategies for its prevention and control by applying mathematical modelling. The malaria model is developed based on basic mathematical modelling techniques leading to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Qualitative analysis of the model applies dimensional analysis, scaling, and perturbation techniques in addition to stability theory for ODE systems. We also derive the equilibrium points of the model and investigate their stability. Our results show that if the reproduction number, R0, is less than 1, the disease-free equilibrium point is stable, so that the disease dies out. If R0 is larger than 1, then the disease-free equilibrium is unstable. In that case, the endemic state has a unique equilibrium, re-invasion is always possible, and the disease persists within the human population. Numerical simulations have been carried out applying the numerical software Matlab. These simulations show the behavior of the populations in time and the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted between humans through bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. A mathematical model describes the dynamics of malaria and human population compartments in terms of mathematical equations and these equations represent the relations between relevant properties of the compartments. The aim of the study is to understand the important parameters in the transmission and spread of endemic malaria disease, and try to find appropriate solutions and strategies for its prevention and control by applying mathematical modelling. The malaria model is developed based on basic mathematical modelling techniques leading to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Qualitative analysis of the model applies dimensional analysis, scaling, and perturbation techniques in addition to stability theory for ODE systems. We also derive the equilibrium points of the model and investigate their stability. Our results show that if the reproduction number, R0, is less than 1, the disease-free equilibrium point is stable, so that the disease dies out. If R0 is larger than 1, then the disease-free equilibrium is unstable. In that case, the endemic state has a unique equilibrium, re-invasion is always possible, and the disease persists within the human population. Numerical simulations have been carried out applying the numerical software Matlab. These simulations show the behavior of the populations in time and the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.
Mathematical Modelling of Endemic Malaria Transmission
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-02-13
© Science Publishing Group
Abadi Abay Gebremeskel
Harald Elias Krogstad
Mathematical Modelling of Endemic Malaria Transmission
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46
46
2015-02-13
2015-02-13
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
Natural Convection in Porous Triangular Enclosure with a Circular Obstacle in Presence of Heat Generation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.14
The flow and heat transfer due to natural convection in a triangular enclosure filled with a fluid saturated porous medium with a circular body in presence of heat generation has been numerically analyzed. The bottom wall of the enclosure is heated at a constant temperature while the left and right inclined wall of the cavity is maintained at cold temperature. The cavity contains a circular body which is insulated. The governing equations are solved numerically subject to suitable boundary conditions by Galerkin’s weighted residuals scheme of finite element method. Results are presented by streamlines, isotherms, mean Nusselt numbers for the variant parameters such as heat generation (λ) and radius of the circular body (R). Prandtl number (Pr) and Rayleigh number (Ra) are considered unchanged. It is found that these parameters have significant effect on the flow and temperature fields inside the cavity.
The flow and heat transfer due to natural convection in a triangular enclosure filled with a fluid saturated porous medium with a circular body in presence of heat generation has been numerically analyzed. The bottom wall of the enclosure is heated at a constant temperature while the left and right inclined wall of the cavity is maintained at cold temperature. The cavity contains a circular body which is insulated. The governing equations are solved numerically subject to suitable boundary conditions by Galerkin’s weighted residuals scheme of finite element method. Results are presented by streamlines, isotherms, mean Nusselt numbers for the variant parameters such as heat generation (λ) and radius of the circular body (R). Prandtl number (Pr) and Rayleigh number (Ra) are considered unchanged. It is found that these parameters have significant effect on the flow and temperature fields inside the cavity.
Natural Convection in Porous Triangular Enclosure with a Circular Obstacle in Presence of Heat Generation
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-03-21
© Science Publishing Group
Raju Chowdhury
Md. Abdul Hakim Khan
Md. Noor-A-Alam Siddiki
Natural Convection in Porous Triangular Enclosure with a Circular Obstacle in Presence of Heat Generation
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58
58
2015-03-21
2015-03-21
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.14
© Science Publishing Group
Maximizing Operations Processes of a Potential World Class University Using Mathematical Model
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.15
Many Universities are striving to attain the status of a World Class University. Some Parameters used in ranking universities include: Quality of education and teaching, Research, citation, international outlook, Alumni, Awards and Industry Outlook, operations and processes of a potential world class university should be directed optimally towards these parameters. This paper proposes a simple method of maximizing the operations processes of such universities in order to attain world class status. Operations Research techniques are employed to model the situation and solutions obtained using simplex method with the aid of computer software. It is observed that a lot of attention have to be paid to research publications, Alumni employment and international collaboration and linkages. Also the manpower should be motivated in order to become a world class university.
Many Universities are striving to attain the status of a World Class University. Some Parameters used in ranking universities include: Quality of education and teaching, Research, citation, international outlook, Alumni, Awards and Industry Outlook, operations and processes of a potential world class university should be directed optimally towards these parameters. This paper proposes a simple method of maximizing the operations processes of such universities in order to attain world class status. Operations Research techniques are employed to model the situation and solutions obtained using simplex method with the aid of computer software. It is observed that a lot of attention have to be paid to research publications, Alumni employment and international collaboration and linkages. Also the manpower should be motivated in order to become a world class university.
Maximizing Operations Processes of a Potential World Class University Using Mathematical Model
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-03-21
© Science Publishing Group
Agarana Michael
Ayeni Foluso
Maximizing Operations Processes of a Potential World Class University Using Mathematical Model
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2015-03-21
2015-03-21
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.15
© Science Publishing Group
Analytical Study on Unsteady MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.16
The unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer boundary layer flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate immersed in a porous medium with heat source is studied. The plate moves with a uniform velocity in the direction of the fluid flow while the free stream velocity is considered to follow the exponentially increasing small perturbation law. The governing equations are solved analytical by using perturbation technique depending on the physical parameters including the Radiation parameter (R), the Magnetic parameter (M), the Prandtl number (Pr), the Grashof number for heat transfer (Gr), the Modified Grashof number for mass transfer (Gc), the Schmidt number (Sc), the soret number (S0), the permeability parameter (K) and the heat source (Q). The influence of these parameters on velocity field, temperature field, concentration field, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are discussed with graphically.
The unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer boundary layer flow past a semi-infinite vertical porous plate immersed in a porous medium with heat source is studied. The plate moves with a uniform velocity in the direction of the fluid flow while the free stream velocity is considered to follow the exponentially increasing small perturbation law. The governing equations are solved analytical by using perturbation technique depending on the physical parameters including the Radiation parameter (R), the Magnetic parameter (M), the Prandtl number (Pr), the Grashof number for heat transfer (Gr), the Modified Grashof number for mass transfer (Gc), the Schmidt number (Sc), the soret number (S0), the permeability parameter (K) and the heat source (Q). The influence of these parameters on velocity field, temperature field, concentration field, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are discussed with graphically.
Analytical Study on Unsteady MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.16
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-03-30
© Science Publishing Group
S. F. Ahmmed
M. K. Das
L. E. Ali
Analytical Study on Unsteady MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate
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74
74
2015-03-30
2015-03-30
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.16
© Science Publishing Group
Clustering Problem with Fuzzy Data: Empirical Study for Financial Distress Firms
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.17
In many real applications, the data of classification problems cannot be precisely measured. However, in an increasingly complex environment, these variables can be imprecise, qualitative or linguistic. In such a case, fuzzy set theory seems to be the convenient tool to fill this insufficiency. Thus, we proposed a new approach, based on the ranking function, which consists in solving the classification problems via fuzzy linear programming model. This approach has been applied for the financial distress firms. The obtained results are satisfactory in terms of correctly classified rates
In many real applications, the data of classification problems cannot be precisely measured. However, in an increasingly complex environment, these variables can be imprecise, qualitative or linguistic. In such a case, fuzzy set theory seems to be the convenient tool to fill this insufficiency. Thus, we proposed a new approach, based on the ranking function, which consists in solving the classification problems via fuzzy linear programming model. This approach has been applied for the financial distress firms. The obtained results are satisfactory in terms of correctly classified rates
Clustering Problem with Fuzzy Data: Empirical Study for Financial Distress Firms
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.17
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-04-02
© Science Publishing Group
Slah Benyoussef
Clustering Problem with Fuzzy Data: Empirical Study for Financial Distress Firms
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80
80
2015-04-02
2015-04-02
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.17
© Science Publishing Group
On Quasi-Newton Method for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.13
This paper discusses the use of quasi-Newton method algorithm employed in solving unconstrained optimization problems. The method is aimed at circumventing the computational rigours undergone using the Newton’s method.The Quasi –Newton method algorithm was tested on some benced mark problems with the results compared with the Conjugate Gradient Method. The results gotten using the Quasi-Newton Method compared favourably with results of existing CGM algorithm.
This paper discusses the use of quasi-Newton method algorithm employed in solving unconstrained optimization problems. The method is aimed at circumventing the computational rigours undergone using the Newton’s method.The Quasi –Newton method algorithm was tested on some benced mark problems with the results compared with the Conjugate Gradient Method. The results gotten using the Quasi-Newton Method compared favourably with results of existing CGM algorithm.
On Quasi-Newton Method for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-02-26
© Science Publishing Group
Felix Makanjuola Aderibigbe
Kayode James Adebayo
Adejoke O. Dele-Rotimi
On Quasi-Newton Method for Solving Unconstrained Optimization Problems
3
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50
50
2015-02-26
2015-02-26
10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.13
© Science Publishing Group
Weighted Method Based Trust Region-Particle Swarm Optimization for Multi-Objective Optimization
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.11
In this study, a hybrid approach combining trust region (TR) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to solve multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs). The proposed approach integrates the merits of both TR and PSO. Firstly, the MOOP converting by weighted method to a single objective optimization problem (SOOP) and some of the points in the search space are generated. Secondly, TR algorithm is applied to solve the SOOP to obtain a point on the Pareto frontier. Finally, all the points that have been obtained by TR are used as particles position for PSO; where homogeneous PSO is applied to get all nondominated solutions on the Pareto frontier. In addition, to restrict velocity of the particles and control it, a dynamic constriction factor is presented. Various kinds of multiobjective (MO) benchmark problems have been reported to show the importance of hybrid algorithm in generating Pareto optimal set. The results have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm to solve MOOPs.
In this study, a hybrid approach combining trust region (TR) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to solve multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs). The proposed approach integrates the merits of both TR and PSO. Firstly, the MOOP converting by weighted method to a single objective optimization problem (SOOP) and some of the points in the search space are generated. Secondly, TR algorithm is applied to solve the SOOP to obtain a point on the Pareto frontier. Finally, all the points that have been obtained by TR are used as particles position for PSO; where homogeneous PSO is applied to get all nondominated solutions on the Pareto frontier. In addition, to restrict velocity of the particles and control it, a dynamic constriction factor is presented. Various kinds of multiobjective (MO) benchmark problems have been reported to show the importance of hybrid algorithm in generating Pareto optimal set. The results have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm to solve MOOPs.
Weighted Method Based Trust Region-Particle Swarm Optimization for Multi-Objective Optimization
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-04-15
© Science Publishing Group
M. A. El-Shorbagy
Weighted Method Based Trust Region-Particle Swarm Optimization for Multi-Objective Optimization
3
3
89
89
2015-04-15
2015-04-15
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Comparison Adomian Decomposition Method and Differential Quadrature Method for Solving Some Nonlinear Partial Diferential Equations
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.12
Nonlinear partial diferential equations are a class of partial diferential equations having many important uses in engineering and sciences. In this work we display a comparison between Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) for solving some nonlinear partial diferential equations. We found the existence of exact solutions for those models. The numerical results show the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
Nonlinear partial diferential equations are a class of partial diferential equations having many important uses in engineering and sciences. In this work we display a comparison between Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) for solving some nonlinear partial diferential equations. We found the existence of exact solutions for those models. The numerical results show the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
The Comparison Adomian Decomposition Method and Differential Quadrature Method for Solving Some Nonlinear Partial Diferential Equations
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-04-17
© Science Publishing Group
Zahra Adabi Firoozjae
Allahbakhsh yazdani
The Comparison Adomian Decomposition Method and Differential Quadrature Method for Solving Some Nonlinear Partial Diferential Equations
3
3
94
94
2015-04-17
2015-04-17
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
A Computer Technique for Duality Theory in Linear Programs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.13
The aim of this paper is to develop a computer oriented program for analyzing duality of a Linear Program (LP) by the programming language MATHEMATICA. Also we will show the efficiency of our program by analyzing the duality with numerical examples.
The aim of this paper is to develop a computer oriented program for analyzing duality of a Linear Program (LP) by the programming language MATHEMATICA. Also we will show the efficiency of our program by analyzing the duality with numerical examples.
A Computer Technique for Duality Theory in Linear Programs
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-04-28
© Science Publishing Group
A. K. M. Nazimuddin
Ahsan Ali
A Computer Technique for Duality Theory in Linear Programs
3
3
99
99
2015-04-28
2015-04-28
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.13
© Science Publishing Group
Applications of the exp(-Φ(ξ))-Expansion Method to Find Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of the Benney-Luke Equation in Mathematical Physics
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.14
In this article, we construct the traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolutions equations via the Benney-Luke equation using the exp(-Φ(ξ))-expansion method. The traveling wave solutions are expressed in terms of hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions. When the parameters are taken special values, the solitary waves are derived from the traveling waves. The proposed method is direct, concise elementary and effective and can be used for many other nonlinear evolutions equations.
In this article, we construct the traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolutions equations via the Benney-Luke equation using the exp(-Φ(ξ))-expansion method. The traveling wave solutions are expressed in terms of hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions. When the parameters are taken special values, the solitary waves are derived from the traveling waves. The proposed method is direct, concise elementary and effective and can be used for many other nonlinear evolutions equations.
Applications of the exp(-Φ(ξ))-Expansion Method to Find Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of the Benney-Luke Equation in Mathematical Physics
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-04-29
© Science Publishing Group
S. M. Rayhanul Islam
Applications of the exp(-Φ(ξ))-Expansion Method to Find Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of the Benney-Luke Equation in Mathematical Physics
3
3
105
105
2015-04-29
2015-04-29
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.14
© Science Publishing Group
Estimation of Boron Ground State Energy by Monte Carlo Simulation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.15
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method is a powerful computational tool for finding accurate approximation solutions of the quantum many body stationary Schrödinger equations for atoms, molecules, solids and a variety of model systems. Using Variational Monte Carlo method we have calculated the ground state energy of the Boron atom. Our calculations are based on using a modified five parameters trial wave function which leads to good result comparing with fewer parameters trial wave functions presented before. Based on random Numbers we can generate a large sample of electron locations to estimate the ground state energy of Boron. Based on comparisons, the energy obtained in our simulation are in excellent agreement with experimental and other well established values.
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method is a powerful computational tool for finding accurate approximation solutions of the quantum many body stationary Schrödinger equations for atoms, molecules, solids and a variety of model systems. Using Variational Monte Carlo method we have calculated the ground state energy of the Boron atom. Our calculations are based on using a modified five parameters trial wave function which leads to good result comparing with fewer parameters trial wave functions presented before. Based on random Numbers we can generate a large sample of electron locations to estimate the ground state energy of Boron. Based on comparisons, the energy obtained in our simulation are in excellent agreement with experimental and other well established values.
Estimation of Boron Ground State Energy by Monte Carlo Simulation
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-06
© Science Publishing Group
K. M. Ariful Kabir
Amal Halder
Estimation of Boron Ground State Energy by Monte Carlo Simulation
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3
111
111
2015-05-06
2015-05-06
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.15
© Science Publishing Group
Kronecker-Schur-Newton Method for the Matrix Inverse Roots
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.17
The computation of matrix inverse roots arises in solving nonlinear matrix equations, evaluating non-symmetric eigenvalue problems, computing some matrix functions, Control theory and several other areas of applications. It is possible to approximate the matrix inverse pth roots by exploiting iterative schemes. In this work, we propose an algorithm to compute principal matrix inverse pth root by employing Schur factorization and operators. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the properties of the modified method.
The computation of matrix inverse roots arises in solving nonlinear matrix equations, evaluating non-symmetric eigenvalue problems, computing some matrix functions, Control theory and several other areas of applications. It is possible to approximate the matrix inverse pth roots by exploiting iterative schemes. In this work, we propose an algorithm to compute principal matrix inverse pth root by employing Schur factorization and operators. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the properties of the modified method.
Kronecker-Schur-Newton Method for the Matrix Inverse Roots
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.17
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-12
© Science Publishing Group
Firouz Seif
Amir Sadeghi
Kronecker-Schur-Newton Method for the Matrix Inverse Roots
3
3
123
123
2015-05-12
2015-05-12
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.17
© Science Publishing Group
Study on Financial Time Series Prediction Based on Phase Space Reconstruction and Support Vector Machine (SVM)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.16
Analyzing and forecasting the financial market based on the theory of phase space reconstruction of support vector regression. The key point of the phase space reconstruction is to choose the optimal delay time, and to find the optimal embedding dimension of space. This paper proposes the use of false nearest neighbor method to construct the error function for all the variables to determine the appropriate embedding dimension combinations. Kernel function in the SVR is an important factor for algorithm performance. Experiments show that the theory of phase space reconstruction based on support vector regression has a certain degree of predictive ability of market value at risk.
Analyzing and forecasting the financial market based on the theory of phase space reconstruction of support vector regression. The key point of the phase space reconstruction is to choose the optimal delay time, and to find the optimal embedding dimension of space. This paper proposes the use of false nearest neighbor method to construct the error function for all the variables to determine the appropriate embedding dimension combinations. Kernel function in the SVR is an important factor for algorithm performance. Experiments show that the theory of phase space reconstruction based on support vector regression has a certain degree of predictive ability of market value at risk.
Study on Financial Time Series Prediction Based on Phase Space Reconstruction and Support Vector Machine (SVM)
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.16
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-05
© Science Publishing Group
Hong Zhang
Li Zhou
Jie Zhu
Study on Financial Time Series Prediction Based on Phase Space Reconstruction and Support Vector Machine (SVM)
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3
117
117
2015-05-05
2015-05-05
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.16
© Science Publishing Group
Solution of Wave Equations on Transmission Lines where Leakage to Ground on the Line is Negligible
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.18
This paper presents the solution of wave equations on transmission lines where leakage to ground on the line is very small. As a result of the leakages to ground on the transmission lines which are negligible, the conductance and the inductance, which are responsible for leakages on the line, are set to zero in the model of the general wave equation of the transmission line. The Laplace transform method was now applied to transform the resulting partial differential equation into ordinary differential equation and the method of variation of parameters was used to get the particular solution to the problem.
This paper presents the solution of wave equations on transmission lines where leakage to ground on the line is very small. As a result of the leakages to ground on the transmission lines which are negligible, the conductance and the inductance, which are responsible for leakages on the line, are set to zero in the model of the general wave equation of the transmission line. The Laplace transform method was now applied to transform the resulting partial differential equation into ordinary differential equation and the method of variation of parameters was used to get the particular solution to the problem.
Solution of Wave Equations on Transmission Lines where Leakage to Ground on the Line is Negligible
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.18
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-26
© Science Publishing Group
Michael Olufemi OKE
Solution of Wave Equations on Transmission Lines where Leakage to Ground on the Line is Negligible
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128
128
2015-05-26
2015-05-26
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.18
© Science Publishing Group
Application of Brody Growth Function to Describe Dynamics of Breast Cancer Cells
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.20
In this paper we have constructed a mathematical model using Brody function and applied to describe the dynamics of breast cancer. To construct the mathematical model we considered that the linear cancer network technique describes the growth of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Model validity is verified using simulation study and mathematical analysis. It is verified that the hormone therapy is a technique to treat endocrine receptor positive breast cancers. Hormone therapy is considered as a treatment and used to block the estrogens receptors from the cancer and health cells. Important observations are made from the simulation study and physical interpretations are drawn and presented lucidly in the paper.
In this paper we have constructed a mathematical model using Brody function and applied to describe the dynamics of breast cancer. To construct the mathematical model we considered that the linear cancer network technique describes the growth of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Model validity is verified using simulation study and mathematical analysis. It is verified that the hormone therapy is a technique to treat endocrine receptor positive breast cancers. Hormone therapy is considered as a treatment and used to block the estrogens receptors from the cancer and health cells. Important observations are made from the simulation study and physical interpretations are drawn and presented lucidly in the paper.
Application of Brody Growth Function to Describe Dynamics of Breast Cancer Cells
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.20
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-28
© Science Publishing Group
Abdulsamad Engida Sado
Purnachandra Rao Koya
Application of Brody Growth Function to Describe Dynamics of Breast Cancer Cells
3
3
145
145
2015-05-28
2015-05-28
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.20
© Science Publishing Group
Equilibrium Mechanisms in Models of Reproduction with a Fixed Budget
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.21
In the study of some models of reproduction of equilibrium mechanisms are used to describe the activity of the economic systems. As the equilibrium mechanisms models with the fixed budgets can be applied. Typically, the control center can not anticipate all situations. Hence, some variations of the initial model parameters are possible. Therefore, in the study of reproduction models a great interest presents the comparative statics, which allows one find out the dependence of the speed of changes of the state trajectories on the changes of the parameters of the trajectories. In this paper, we deal with the Leontief’s type model with fixed budgets, consisting of n branches.
In the study of some models of reproduction of equilibrium mechanisms are used to describe the activity of the economic systems. As the equilibrium mechanisms models with the fixed budgets can be applied. Typically, the control center can not anticipate all situations. Hence, some variations of the initial model parameters are possible. Therefore, in the study of reproduction models a great interest presents the comparative statics, which allows one find out the dependence of the speed of changes of the state trajectories on the changes of the parameters of the trajectories. In this paper, we deal with the Leontief’s type model with fixed budgets, consisting of n branches.
Equilibrium Mechanisms in Models of Reproduction with a Fixed Budget
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.21
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-29
© Science Publishing Group
Sabir Isa Hamidov
Equilibrium Mechanisms in Models of Reproduction with a Fixed Budget
3
3
150
150
2015-05-29
2015-05-29
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.21
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.21
© Science Publishing Group
Investigate Micropolar Fluid Behavior on MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow with Constant Heat and Mass Fluxes by Finite Difference Method
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.23
Micropolar fluid behavior on MHD free convection and mass transfer with constant heat and mass fluxes is studied numerically. Finite difference technique is used as the main tool for the numerical approach. Micropolar fluid behavior on MHD steady free convection and mass transfer with constant heat and mass fluxes have been considered and its similarities solution have been obtained. Similarity equations of the corresponding momentum, angular momentum, temperature and concentration equations are derived by employing the usual similarity technique. The dimensionless similarity equations for momentum, angular momentum, temperature and concentration equations solved numerically by explicit finite difference technique. With the help of graphs the effects of the various important parameters entering into each of the problems on the velocity, microrotation, temperature and concentration profiles within the boundary layer are separately discussed.
Micropolar fluid behavior on MHD free convection and mass transfer with constant heat and mass fluxes is studied numerically. Finite difference technique is used as the main tool for the numerical approach. Micropolar fluid behavior on MHD steady free convection and mass transfer with constant heat and mass fluxes have been considered and its similarities solution have been obtained. Similarity equations of the corresponding momentum, angular momentum, temperature and concentration equations are derived by employing the usual similarity technique. The dimensionless similarity equations for momentum, angular momentum, temperature and concentration equations solved numerically by explicit finite difference technique. With the help of graphs the effects of the various important parameters entering into each of the problems on the velocity, microrotation, temperature and concentration profiles within the boundary layer are separately discussed.
Investigate Micropolar Fluid Behavior on MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow with Constant Heat and Mass Fluxes by Finite Difference Method
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.23
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-08
© Science Publishing Group
Lasker Ershad Ali
Ariful Islam
Nazmul Islam
Investigate Micropolar Fluid Behavior on MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow with Constant Heat and Mass Fluxes by Finite Difference Method
3
3
168
168
2015-06-08
2015-06-08
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.23
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.23
© Science Publishing Group
Empirical Research on Chinese Warrants Market Based on the Montecarlo Pricing Options Under Levy Process
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.19
After the 2008 financial crisis, the global derivatives trading volume in options proportion is growing, more and more investors build portfolios using options to hedge or arbitrage, our futures and stock options will soon open. Theoretical research of options is also changing, option pricing models under Levy processes developed rapidly. In this context, a review of the China's warrants market and the introduction of option pricing models can not only help us to reflect Chinese financial derivatives market regulation, but also to explore the option pricing theory for China’s financial market environment. In the framework of Monte Carlo simulation pricing,we established mufti-Levy process option pricing models, the structural model for the given parameter estimation and risk-neutral adjustment method are discussed, the last part of this chapter is an empirical analysis of China warrants trading data in order to prove the validate of Levy models.
After the 2008 financial crisis, the global derivatives trading volume in options proportion is growing, more and more investors build portfolios using options to hedge or arbitrage, our futures and stock options will soon open. Theoretical research of options is also changing, option pricing models under Levy processes developed rapidly. In this context, a review of the China's warrants market and the introduction of option pricing models can not only help us to reflect Chinese financial derivatives market regulation, but also to explore the option pricing theory for China’s financial market environment. In the framework of Monte Carlo simulation pricing,we established mufti-Levy process option pricing models, the structural model for the given parameter estimation and risk-neutral adjustment method are discussed, the last part of this chapter is an empirical analysis of China warrants trading data in order to prove the validate of Levy models.
Empirical Research on Chinese Warrants Market Based on the Montecarlo Pricing Options Under Levy Process
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.19
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-05-27
© Science Publishing Group
Li Zhou
Hong Zhang
Jian Guo
Anjie Deng
Empirical Research on Chinese Warrants Market Based on the Montecarlo Pricing Options Under Levy Process
3
3
137
137
2015-05-27
2015-05-27
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.19
© Science Publishing Group
Study of American Option Pricing Based on Levy Process
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.22
After the 2008 financial crisis, the global derivatives trading volume in options proportion is growing, more and more investors build portfolios using options to hedge or arbitrage, our futures and stock options will soon open. Theoretical research of options is also changing, option pricing models under Levy processes developed rapidly. In this context, a review of the China's warrants market and the introduction of option pricing models can not only help us to reflect Chinese financial derivatives market regulation, but also to explore the option pricing theory for China`s financial market environment. In the framework of Monte Carlo simulation pricing, we established mufti-Levy process option pricing models, the structural model for the given parameter estimation and risk-neutral adjustment method are discussed, the last part of this chapter is an empirical analysis of China warrants trading data in order to prove the validate of Levy models.
After the 2008 financial crisis, the global derivatives trading volume in options proportion is growing, more and more investors build portfolios using options to hedge or arbitrage, our futures and stock options will soon open. Theoretical research of options is also changing, option pricing models under Levy processes developed rapidly. In this context, a review of the China's warrants market and the introduction of option pricing models can not only help us to reflect Chinese financial derivatives market regulation, but also to explore the option pricing theory for China`s financial market environment. In the framework of Monte Carlo simulation pricing, we established mufti-Levy process option pricing models, the structural model for the given parameter estimation and risk-neutral adjustment method are discussed, the last part of this chapter is an empirical analysis of China warrants trading data in order to prove the validate of Levy models.
Study of American Option Pricing Based on Levy Process
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.22
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-02
© Science Publishing Group
Hong Zhang
Jie Zhu
Jian Guo
Li Zhou
Study of American Option Pricing Based on Levy Process
3
3
156
156
2015-06-02
2015-06-02
10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.22
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150303.22
© Science Publishing Group
Odd Graceful Labeling of Acyclic Graphs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.13
Let G = (V, E) be a finite, simple and undirected graph. A graph G with q edges is said to be odd-graceful if there is an injection f : V (G) {0, 1, 2, . . . , 2q 1} such that, when each edge xy is assigned the label |f (x) f (y)| , the resulting edge labels are {1, 3, 5, . . . , 2q 1} and f is called an odd graceful labeling of G. Motivated by the work of Z. Gao [6] in which he studied the odd graceful labeling of union of any number of paths and union of any number of stars, we have determined odd graceful labeling for some other union of graphs. In this paper we formulate odd-graceful labeling for disjoint unions of graphs consisting of generalized combs, stars, bistars and paths.
Let G = (V, E) be a finite, simple and undirected graph. A graph G with q edges is said to be odd-graceful if there is an injection f : V (G) {0, 1, 2, . . . , 2q 1} such that, when each edge xy is assigned the label |f (x) f (y)| , the resulting edge labels are {1, 3, 5, . . . , 2q 1} and f is called an odd graceful labeling of G. Motivated by the work of Z. Gao [6] in which he studied the odd graceful labeling of union of any number of paths and union of any number of stars, we have determined odd graceful labeling for some other union of graphs. In this paper we formulate odd-graceful labeling for disjoint unions of graphs consisting of generalized combs, stars, bistars and paths.
Odd Graceful Labeling of Acyclic Graphs
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-10
© Science Publishing Group
Ayesha Riasat
Sana Javed
Odd Graceful Labeling of Acyclic Graphs
3
3
18
18
2015-06-10
2015-06-10
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.13
© Science Publishing Group
Positive Solutions of a Singular System with Two Point Coupled Boundary Conditions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.14
In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions to a system of nonlinear differential equations subject to two-point coupled boundary conditions. Further, the nonlinearities are allowed to be singular with respect to first order derivatives. An example is included to show the applicability of our result.
In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions to a system of nonlinear differential equations subject to two-point coupled boundary conditions. Further, the nonlinearities are allowed to be singular with respect to first order derivatives. An example is included to show the applicability of our result.
Positive Solutions of a Singular System with Two Point Coupled Boundary Conditions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-15
© Science Publishing Group
Naseer Ahmad Asif
Positive Solutions of a Singular System with Two Point Coupled Boundary Conditions
3
3
24
24
2015-06-15
2015-06-15
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.14
© Science Publishing Group
Taylor-Couette Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid in an Annulus Subject to a Time-dependent Rotation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.15
In this paper the velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the rotational flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid, between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders, are determined by applying the finite Hankel transforms. The motion is produced by the inner cylinder that, at time t = 0+, is subject to a time-dependent rotational shear stress. The solutions that have been obtained are presented under series form in terms of Bessel functions, satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Moreover, these solutions satisfy both the governing differential equations and all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The corresponding solutions for Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids are obtained as limiting case of general solutions. Finally, the influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity and shear stress of the fluid is analyzed by graphical illustrations.
In this paper the velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the rotational flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid, between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders, are determined by applying the finite Hankel transforms. The motion is produced by the inner cylinder that, at time t = 0+, is subject to a time-dependent rotational shear stress. The solutions that have been obtained are presented under series form in terms of Bessel functions, satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Moreover, these solutions satisfy both the governing differential equations and all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The corresponding solutions for Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids are obtained as limiting case of general solutions. Finally, the influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity and shear stress of the fluid is analyzed by graphical illustrations.
Taylor-Couette Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid in an Annulus Subject to a Time-dependent Rotation
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-15
© Science Publishing Group
M. Imran
Madeeha Tahir
M. A. Imran
A. U. Awan
Taylor-Couette Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid in an Annulus Subject to a Time-dependent Rotation
3
3
31
31
2015-06-15
2015-06-15
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.15
© Science Publishing Group
On Vibration of Three-Layered Cylindrical Shell with Functionally Graded Middle Layer
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.16
In the current analysis vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell composed of three layers are examined. Vibration of cylindrical shells is accomplished for their involvement in various areas of engineering and technology. Shell vibration behavior depends upon on different geometrical material parameters and material parameters. They provide the maximum stability of a physical system. There is graduation distribution of constituent materials in functionally graded materials and is controlled by polynomial, exponential and trigonometric volume exponent fraction laws. In the present study a cylindrical shell is composed of three layers whereas the middle layer consists of functionally graded material and the extreme layer are of isotropic nature. Material composition of the FG layer is governed by polynomial, exponential and trigonometric volume fraction exponent laws. Impact of these laws is examined on shell vibration frequencies for different physical parameters. Love’s thin shell theory is adopted for shell motion equations. The vibration of cylindrical shells with FGM will be expressed by using the Raleigh-Ritz technique in this method. Three volume fraction laws are used to define the middle layer of tri-layer cylindrical shells. The Rayleigh-Ritz technique is applied to form the shell frequency equation which is solved by MATLAB software. The validity and accuracy of this method is investigated for a number of comparisons of numerical results.
In the current analysis vibration characteristics of a cylindrical shell composed of three layers are examined. Vibration of cylindrical shells is accomplished for their involvement in various areas of engineering and technology. Shell vibration behavior depends upon on different geometrical material parameters and material parameters. They provide the maximum stability of a physical system. There is graduation distribution of constituent materials in functionally graded materials and is controlled by polynomial, exponential and trigonometric volume exponent fraction laws. In the present study a cylindrical shell is composed of three layers whereas the middle layer consists of functionally graded material and the extreme layer are of isotropic nature. Material composition of the FG layer is governed by polynomial, exponential and trigonometric volume fraction exponent laws. Impact of these laws is examined on shell vibration frequencies for different physical parameters. Love’s thin shell theory is adopted for shell motion equations. The vibration of cylindrical shells with FGM will be expressed by using the Raleigh-Ritz technique in this method. Three volume fraction laws are used to define the middle layer of tri-layer cylindrical shells. The Rayleigh-Ritz technique is applied to form the shell frequency equation which is solved by MATLAB software. The validity and accuracy of this method is investigated for a number of comparisons of numerical results.
On Vibration of Three-Layered Cylindrical Shell with Functionally Graded Middle Layer
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.16
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-15
© Science Publishing Group
Zermina Gull Bhutta
M. N. Naeem
M. Imran
On Vibration of Three-Layered Cylindrical Shell with Functionally Graded Middle Layer
3
3
40
40
2015-06-15
2015-06-15
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.16
© Science Publishing Group
Fixed Point Theorems for Multivalued Contractive Mappings in Fuzzy Metric Spaces
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.17
In this paper, we introduce multivalued contractive mappings of Feng-Liu type in complete fuzzy metric spaces. We prove fixed point theorems for such mappings in the context of fuzzy metric spaces. We provide with an example to show that our results are more general than previously obtained results in the literature.
In this paper, we introduce multivalued contractive mappings of Feng-Liu type in complete fuzzy metric spaces. We prove fixed point theorems for such mappings in the context of fuzzy metric spaces. We provide with an example to show that our results are more general than previously obtained results in the literature.
Fixed Point Theorems for Multivalued Contractive Mappings in Fuzzy Metric Spaces
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.17
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-15
© Science Publishing Group
Basit Ali
Mujahid Abbas
Fixed Point Theorems for Multivalued Contractive Mappings in Fuzzy Metric Spaces
3
3
45
45
2015-06-15
2015-06-15
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.17
© Science Publishing Group
Generalized Quasi-Variational Inequalities for Pseudo-Monotone Type III and Strongly Pseudo-Monotone Type III Operators on Non-Compact Sets
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.18
In this paper, the authors prove some existence results of solutions for a new class of generalized quasi-variational inequalities (GQVI) for pseudo-monotone type III operators and strongly pseudo-monotone type III operators defined on non-compact sets in locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces. In obtaining these results on GQVI for pseudo-monotone type III operators, we shall use Chowdhury and Tan’s generalized version [1] of Ky Fan’s minimax inequality [2] as the main tool.
In this paper, the authors prove some existence results of solutions for a new class of generalized quasi-variational inequalities (GQVI) for pseudo-monotone type III operators and strongly pseudo-monotone type III operators defined on non-compact sets in locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces. In obtaining these results on GQVI for pseudo-monotone type III operators, we shall use Chowdhury and Tan’s generalized version [1] of Ky Fan’s minimax inequality [2] as the main tool.
Generalized Quasi-Variational Inequalities for Pseudo-Monotone Type III and Strongly Pseudo-Monotone Type III Operators on Non-Compact Sets
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.18
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-17
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad S. R. Chowdhury
Yeol Je Cho
Generalized Quasi-Variational Inequalities for Pseudo-Monotone Type III and Strongly Pseudo-Monotone Type III Operators on Non-Compact Sets
3
3
53
53
2015-06-17
2015-06-17
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.18
© Science Publishing Group
Existence of Solutions to a Second Order Coupled System with Nonlinear Coupled Boundary Conditions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.19
We study existence of solution in the presence of upper and lower solutions of some second-order nonlinear coupled ordinary differential system (ODS for short) depending on first order derivatives with nonlinear coupled boundary conditions (CBCs for short). Our method for nonlinear coupled system with nonlinear CBCs is new and it unifies the treatment of many different second order problems. Nagumo condition is used to define bound for the derivative of the solution. Coupled lower and upper solutions, Arzela-Ascoli theorem and Schauder's fixed point theorem play an important role in establishing the arguments.
We study existence of solution in the presence of upper and lower solutions of some second-order nonlinear coupled ordinary differential system (ODS for short) depending on first order derivatives with nonlinear coupled boundary conditions (CBCs for short). Our method for nonlinear coupled system with nonlinear CBCs is new and it unifies the treatment of many different second order problems. Nagumo condition is used to define bound for the derivative of the solution. Coupled lower and upper solutions, Arzela-Ascoli theorem and Schauder's fixed point theorem play an important role in establishing the arguments.
Existence of Solutions to a Second Order Coupled System with Nonlinear Coupled Boundary Conditions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.19
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-17
© Science Publishing Group
Naseer Ahmad Asif
Imran Talib
Existence of Solutions to a Second Order Coupled System with Nonlinear Coupled Boundary Conditions
3
3
59
59
2015-06-17
2015-06-17
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.19
© Science Publishing Group
General Solution for Free Convection of Viscous Fluid Near an Infinite Isothermal Vertical Plate that Applies a Shear Stress to the Rotating Fluid
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.12
An analysis is carried out to the unsteady free convection flow of a rotating, incompressible viscous fluid near an infinite vertical plate that applies a time-dependent shear stress f(t) to the fluid. General solutions of the dimensionless governing equations along with imposed initial and boundary conditions are determined using Laplace transform technique. At the final stage, the effects of pertinent parameters on the fluid motion are numerically and graphically illustrated. A comparison between the numerical values of the velocity components given by the analytical solution and, by the Stehfest's algorithm for the inverse Laplace transform is presented.
An analysis is carried out to the unsteady free convection flow of a rotating, incompressible viscous fluid near an infinite vertical plate that applies a time-dependent shear stress f(t) to the fluid. General solutions of the dimensionless governing equations along with imposed initial and boundary conditions are determined using Laplace transform technique. At the final stage, the effects of pertinent parameters on the fluid motion are numerically and graphically illustrated. A comparison between the numerical values of the velocity components given by the analytical solution and, by the Stehfest's algorithm for the inverse Laplace transform is presented.
General Solution for Free Convection of Viscous Fluid Near an Infinite Isothermal Vertical Plate that Applies a Shear Stress to the Rotating Fluid
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-10
© Science Publishing Group
M. A. Imran
Shakila Sarwar
D. Vieru
M. Nazar
General Solution for Free Convection of Viscous Fluid Near an Infinite Isothermal Vertical Plate that Applies a Shear Stress to the Rotating Fluid
3
3
13
13
2015-06-10
2015-06-10
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Integral Inequalities for Some New Classes of Convex Functions
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.11
In this paper, we introduce a new class of convex functions, which is called nonconvex functions. We show that this class unifies several previously known and new classes of convex functions. We derive several new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for nonconvex functions. Some special cases are also discussed. Results proved in this paper continue to hold for these special cases.
In this paper, we introduce a new class of convex functions, which is called nonconvex functions. We show that this class unifies several previously known and new classes of convex functions. We derive several new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for nonconvex functions. Some special cases are also discussed. Results proved in this paper continue to hold for these special cases.
Integral Inequalities for Some New Classes of Convex Functions
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-10
© Science Publishing Group
Muhammad Aslam Noor
Khalida Inayat Noor
Muhammad Uzair Awan
Integral Inequalities for Some New Classes of Convex Functions
3
3
5
5
2015-06-10
2015-06-10
10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.s.2015030301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Trisection of Any Angle and Consequentially the Division of Any Angle Into Any Number of Equal Parts
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.11
Historically, a contrived trisected line was used to trisect any other line, using the principle of projection. This is in essence about relationship and its accomplishment is about working backwards. Loosely speaking, any angle comprises two connecting lines. Attempts at trisecting any angle, which is dividing it into three equal parts, failed. In this paper any angle is defined as a unique pair of arc and chord of sector of a circle irrespective of arc radius. Two theorems viz. Equal arcs have equal central angles and equal chords have equal central angles are combined to establish a unique relationship between a pair of arc-chord and its composite of three identical pairs of arc-chord, thereby revealing a CYCLIC TRAPEZIUM, where the base defines the angle, and each equal edge defines each of the equal trisected parts of this angle. For a range of angles between 0o and 360o, this relationship is expressed as Lorna Graph, which becomes the practical tool for trisection of any angle, using the working backwards approach. This approach is extended to division of any angle into any number of equal parts.
Historically, a contrived trisected line was used to trisect any other line, using the principle of projection. This is in essence about relationship and its accomplishment is about working backwards. Loosely speaking, any angle comprises two connecting lines. Attempts at trisecting any angle, which is dividing it into three equal parts, failed. In this paper any angle is defined as a unique pair of arc and chord of sector of a circle irrespective of arc radius. Two theorems viz. Equal arcs have equal central angles and equal chords have equal central angles are combined to establish a unique relationship between a pair of arc-chord and its composite of three identical pairs of arc-chord, thereby revealing a CYCLIC TRAPEZIUM, where the base defines the angle, and each equal edge defines each of the equal trisected parts of this angle. For a range of angles between 0o and 360o, this relationship is expressed as Lorna Graph, which becomes the practical tool for trisection of any angle, using the working backwards approach. This approach is extended to division of any angle into any number of equal parts.
Trisection of Any Angle and Consequentially the Division of Any Angle Into Any Number of Equal Parts
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-06-15
© Science Publishing Group
Lorna A. Willis
Trisection of Any Angle and Consequentially the Division of Any Angle Into Any Number of Equal Parts
3
4
173
173
2015-06-15
2015-06-15
10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
Study on the Decline Analysis of Oil Well Stimulation Rule Based on Matlab-m
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.12
Well Stimulation and machinery extraction are two main methods which the engineer of oil production and related industry used to increase production .The purpose is to enhance the oil field final recovery ratio though speeds up the production rate of the petroleum fluid, especially for old oil field development. A set of methods which be suitable for the high water content maturing field about predicting output of well stimulation used in Xiaermen oilfield and providing the foundation of the oil field natural decline regular pattern. Then, a decline-analysis model is derived based on reservoir characteristic parameters and used to analyze natural decline rates for the Xiaermen oilfield developed by waterflooding. Formation factor and remaining oil saturation are included in this model, which reveals non-linear relationships between natural decline rates and the production time. We applied the model to the oil-production data from different blocks in the Xiaermen oilfield and found non-linear relationships between natural decline rates and production time as foreseen by the model, especially at the high water cut period. The results showed that the analytical model could match the natural decline rate data satisfactorily. It was also found there are non-linear relationships between oil incrementals for water flooding step stimulation and step time which different laws with permeability, net pay, and remaining oil saturation and structure place of reservoir in limit period. Decline analysis can be used to predict different oil wells production nature decline rule. Furthermore, we made computer programming in Matlab-m language to calculate the natural decline rate with any time, which made it much easier and practical to predict the future decline rate. Finally, the analytical model was compared with conventional models.
Well Stimulation and machinery extraction are two main methods which the engineer of oil production and related industry used to increase production .The purpose is to enhance the oil field final recovery ratio though speeds up the production rate of the petroleum fluid, especially for old oil field development. A set of methods which be suitable for the high water content maturing field about predicting output of well stimulation used in Xiaermen oilfield and providing the foundation of the oil field natural decline regular pattern. Then, a decline-analysis model is derived based on reservoir characteristic parameters and used to analyze natural decline rates for the Xiaermen oilfield developed by waterflooding. Formation factor and remaining oil saturation are included in this model, which reveals non-linear relationships between natural decline rates and the production time. We applied the model to the oil-production data from different blocks in the Xiaermen oilfield and found non-linear relationships between natural decline rates and production time as foreseen by the model, especially at the high water cut period. The results showed that the analytical model could match the natural decline rate data satisfactorily. It was also found there are non-linear relationships between oil incrementals for water flooding step stimulation and step time which different laws with permeability, net pay, and remaining oil saturation and structure place of reservoir in limit period. Decline analysis can be used to predict different oil wells production nature decline rule. Furthermore, we made computer programming in Matlab-m language to calculate the natural decline rate with any time, which made it much easier and practical to predict the future decline rate. Finally, the analytical model was compared with conventional models.
Study on the Decline Analysis of Oil Well Stimulation Rule Based on Matlab-m
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-07-09
© Science Publishing Group
Xie Congjiao
Guan Zhenliang
Luo Guoping
Zhou Hong
Study on the Decline Analysis of Oil Well Stimulation Rule Based on Matlab-m
3
4
178
178
2015-07-09
2015-07-09
10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Higher Order Sylster’s Equation on Measure Chains-Controllability and Observability
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.13
In this article we derive the solution of higher order Sylster’s type differential equation on measure chains in terms of two fundamental matrices. Later by defining the controllability and observability on measure chains, necessary conditions for the controllability and observability of the higher order Sylster’s type differential system on measure chains is established.
In this article we derive the solution of higher order Sylster’s type differential equation on measure chains in terms of two fundamental matrices. Later by defining the controllability and observability on measure chains, necessary conditions for the controllability and observability of the higher order Sylster’s type differential system on measure chains is established.
Higher Order Sylster’s Equation on Measure Chains-Controllability and Observability
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-07-15
© Science Publishing Group
Goteti V. R. L. Sarma
Higher Order Sylster’s Equation on Measure Chains-Controllability and Observability
3
4
184
184
2015-07-15
2015-07-15
10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.13
© Science Publishing Group
A Study on (Q,L)-Fuzzy Normal Subsemiring of a Semiring
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.14
In this paper, we introduce the concept of (Q,L)-fuzzy normal subsemirings of a semiring and establish some results on these. We also made an attempt to study the properties of (Q,L)-fuzzy normal subsemirings of semiring under homomorphism and anti-homomorphism , and study the main theorem for this. We shall also give new results on this subject.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of (Q,L)-fuzzy normal subsemirings of a semiring and establish some results on these. We also made an attempt to study the properties of (Q,L)-fuzzy normal subsemirings of semiring under homomorphism and anti-homomorphism , and study the main theorem for this. We shall also give new results on this subject.
A Study on (Q,L)-Fuzzy Normal Subsemiring of a Semiring
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.14
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-07-17
© Science Publishing Group
S. Sampathu
S. Anita Shanthi
A. Praveen Prakash
A Study on (Q,L)-Fuzzy Normal Subsemiring of a Semiring
3
4
188
188
2015-07-17
2015-07-17
10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.14
© Science Publishing Group
Crisp Function of Integral Nonlinaer Equation of the Second Kind over the Fuzzy Interval with Application
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.15
In this paper, the basic principle and definitions for nonlinear integral equation of a crisp function over a fuzzy interval have been discussed. a numerical technique method and some algorithm for solving non-linear of crisp valued function over fuzzy interval using the domain and range partitions of the membership functions of the fuzzy interval . the numerical solution of the crisp function over the fuzzy interval using the LR-type representation of fuzzy interval. Some numerical examples are prepared to show the efficiency and accuracy of the methods.
In this paper, the basic principle and definitions for nonlinear integral equation of a crisp function over a fuzzy interval have been discussed. a numerical technique method and some algorithm for solving non-linear of crisp valued function over fuzzy interval using the domain and range partitions of the membership functions of the fuzzy interval . the numerical solution of the crisp function over the fuzzy interval using the LR-type representation of fuzzy interval. Some numerical examples are prepared to show the efficiency and accuracy of the methods.
Crisp Function of Integral Nonlinaer Equation of the Second Kind over the Fuzzy Interval with Application
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.15
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-07-18
© Science Publishing Group
Alan Jalal Abdulqader
Crisp Function of Integral Nonlinaer Equation of the Second Kind over the Fuzzy Interval with Application
3
4
200
200
2015-07-18
2015-07-18
10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.15
© Science Publishing Group
Application of Neural Network Model in an Epidemiological Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.16
This paper use the neural network model to an epidemiological study, i.e. bovine tuberculosis (bTB) occurrence in cattle herds, together with well-established risk factors in the area known as West Wicklow, in the east of Ireland. The binary target variable is whether the herd is in the restricted status, which is defined by whether any bTB reactor is detected in the herd. To estimate the parameters and prevent over-fitting in neural network model fitting, the observations are divided into three part of Training data set, Validation data set, and Test data set. By analysis on the lift charts on test data set, the fitted neural network model can be used to enhance practice efficiency.
This paper use the neural network model to an epidemiological study, i.e. bovine tuberculosis (bTB) occurrence in cattle herds, together with well-established risk factors in the area known as West Wicklow, in the east of Ireland. The binary target variable is whether the herd is in the restricted status, which is defined by whether any bTB reactor is detected in the herd. To estimate the parameters and prevent over-fitting in neural network model fitting, the observations are divided into three part of Training data set, Validation data set, and Test data set. By analysis on the lift charts on test data set, the fitted neural network model can be used to enhance practice efficiency.
Application of Neural Network Model in an Epidemiological Study
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.16
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-08-01
© Science Publishing Group
Renhao Jin
Fang Yan
Jie Zhu
Application of Neural Network Model in an Epidemiological Study
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205
205
2015-08-01
2015-08-01
10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150304.16
© Science Publishing Group
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Couette Flow with Magnetic Field Lines Fixed Relative to the Moving Upper Plate
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.11
This study concerns a magnetohydrodynamic flow between two parallel porous plates with injection and suction in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field with the magnetic field lines fixed relative to the moving plate with a constant pressure gradient. The study is aimed to determine the velocity profiles, the effects of permeability, pressure gradient and induced magnetic field on the flow. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the flow are solved numerically using the finite difference method and implemented in MATLAB. The results obtained are presented in tables and graphs and the observations discussed on the effects of varying various parameters on the velocity profiles. A change is observed to either increase, decrease or to have no effect on the velocity profiles. The effect of magnetic field, time and suction /injection on the flow are discussed. The results provide useful information to the engineers to improve efficiency and performance of machines.
This study concerns a magnetohydrodynamic flow between two parallel porous plates with injection and suction in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field with the magnetic field lines fixed relative to the moving plate with a constant pressure gradient. The study is aimed to determine the velocity profiles, the effects of permeability, pressure gradient and induced magnetic field on the flow. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the flow are solved numerically using the finite difference method and implemented in MATLAB. The results obtained are presented in tables and graphs and the observations discussed on the effects of varying various parameters on the velocity profiles. A change is observed to either increase, decrease or to have no effect on the velocity profiles. The effect of magnetic field, time and suction /injection on the flow are discussed. The results provide useful information to the engineers to improve efficiency and performance of machines.
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Couette Flow with Magnetic Field Lines Fixed Relative to the Moving Upper Plate
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.11
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-09-03
© Science Publishing Group
Edward Richard Onyango
Mathew Ngugi Kinyanjui
Surindar Mohan Uppal
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Couette Flow with Magnetic Field Lines Fixed Relative to the Moving Upper Plate
3
5
214
214
2015-09-03
2015-09-03
10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group
Mass Transfer Flow Through an Inclined Plate with Porous Medium
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.12
The numerical studies are performed to examine the mass transfer flow through porous medium with an inclined plate. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to a system of dimensionless coupled partial differential equation. Finite difference technique is used as a tool for the numerical approach. The corresponding momentum, concentration and continuity equation are derived by employing the usual transformation, and finite difference method has been used to solve the above equations. The effects on the velocity and concentration distribution of various parameters entering into the problem separately are discussed with the help of graphs and tables.
The numerical studies are performed to examine the mass transfer flow through porous medium with an inclined plate. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to a system of dimensionless coupled partial differential equation. Finite difference technique is used as a tool for the numerical approach. The corresponding momentum, concentration and continuity equation are derived by employing the usual transformation, and finite difference method has been used to solve the above equations. The effects on the velocity and concentration distribution of various parameters entering into the problem separately are discussed with the help of graphs and tables.
Mass Transfer Flow Through an Inclined Plate with Porous Medium
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.12
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-09-05
© Science Publishing Group
Manjiul Islam
Farjana Akter
Ariful Islam
Mass Transfer Flow Through an Inclined Plate with Porous Medium
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5
220
220
2015-09-05
2015-09-05
10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.12
© Science Publishing Group
Friction Coefficient’s Numerical Determination for Hot Flat Steel Rolling at Low Strain Rate
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.13
In this paper, a non-linear quadratic expression of the coefficient of friction at both entry and exit sides have been derived from the equations of rolling load in Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s program (HRBF). The study developed a numerical model for the estimation of coefficient of friction for steel (HC SS316) of different thicknesses on two high reversing mills. The equations for coefficient of friction on entry and exist sides of the mills were modelled from Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s program (HRBF). The equations were modelled such that the friction coefficient can be expressed as a function of process parameters measurable during rolling. The capability of the model was verified by using a number of specimens of HC SS316 with predetermined hot rolling experimental data. A good agreement was noted between the predicted friction coefficient and the measured one.
In this paper, a non-linear quadratic expression of the coefficient of friction at both entry and exit sides have been derived from the equations of rolling load in Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s program (HRBF). The study developed a numerical model for the estimation of coefficient of friction for steel (HC SS316) of different thicknesses on two high reversing mills. The equations for coefficient of friction on entry and exist sides of the mills were modelled from Hot Rolling Bland and Ford’s program (HRBF). The equations were modelled such that the friction coefficient can be expressed as a function of process parameters measurable during rolling. The capability of the model was verified by using a number of specimens of HC SS316 with predetermined hot rolling experimental data. A good agreement was noted between the predicted friction coefficient and the measured one.
Friction Coefficient’s Numerical Determination for Hot Flat Steel Rolling at Low Strain Rate
doi:10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.13
American Journal of Applied Mathematics
2015-09-07
© Science Publishing Group
Peter Aiyedun
O. Ogunlade
A. O. Oni
Olayide Adetunji
Friction Coefficient’s Numerical Determination for Hot Flat Steel Rolling at Low Strain Rate
3
5
228
228
2015-09-07
2015-09-07
10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=148&doi=10.11648/j.ajam.20150305.13
© Science Publishing Group