Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks: Table of Contents
<i> International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks (IJSSN) </i> provides a forum for the publication of scientific research and review articles. The journal publishes topics including sensor and algorithm development, image processing techniques and advances focused on a wide range of remote sensing applications including, but not restricted to, forestry and agriculture, ecology, hydrology and water resources, sea and ice, and environmental science. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijssn Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks: Table of Contents
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International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
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Running Consistent Parallel Experiments in Vehicular Environment
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The dynamic nature of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) makes performance comparisons hard, because network conditions cannot be replicated. This paper introduces PepNet (Parallel Experiment Platform for VANET), a VANET testbed where multiple experimental configurations run simultaneously on identical network conditions. PepNet exploits Xen and Gentoo to provide a virtualized environment at every node. Atop the virtualized environment, multiple virtual guests, each are carrying an independent experiment, run in parallel sharing the same physical resources. The contributions of this paper are three-fold. (1) Virtual machines run various experiments simultaneously, so that each set of experiments encounters identical network conditions and thus produces consistent results. (2) Fewer physical machines are required. (3) Experiments are more consistent, easier to control, and the results are easier to interpret. To demonstrate the efficacy of PepNet, two well-known ad-hoc routing protocols, AODV and OLSR, are tested. Experiments confirm the results published in several previous studies, while the new testbed is more efficient and gives more consistent results.
The dynamic nature of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) makes performance comparisons hard, because network conditions cannot be replicated. This paper introduces PepNet (Parallel Experiment Platform for VANET), a VANET testbed where multiple experimental configurations run simultaneously on identical network conditions. PepNet exploits Xen and Gentoo to provide a virtualized environment at every node. Atop the virtualized environment, multiple virtual guests, each are carrying an independent experiment, run in parallel sharing the same physical resources. The contributions of this paper are three-fold. (1) Virtual machines run various experiments simultaneously, so that each set of experiments encounters identical network conditions and thus produces consistent results. (2) Fewer physical machines are required. (3) Experiments are more consistent, easier to control, and the results are easier to interpret. To demonstrate the efficacy of PepNet, two well-known ad-hoc routing protocols, AODV and OLSR, are tested. Experiments confirm the results published in several previous studies, while the new testbed is more efficient and gives more consistent results.
Running Consistent Parallel Experiments in Vehicular Environment
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130101.12
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Jui-Ting Weng
Ian Ku
Giovanni Pau
Mario Gerla
Running Consistent Parallel Experiments in Vehicular Environment
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© Science Publishing Group
Meeting the Challenges for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment in Buildings
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130101.11
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in buildings are faced with transmission issues, much more severe than those of outdoor applications. Next to the transmission effective range, battery lifetime is also of a high importance, as it can sig-nificantly affect network performance and maintenance requirements. In this paper we present an architectural concept, in fact a dynamic routing protocol, for the setup of a building WSN. Three key goals have underpinned the protocol design; ability to cost efficiently address transmission distance within buildings, acceptable battery longevity, typically up to a year, and no data loss. Experimental data have been collected over a period of several months and have demonstrated the much enhanced performance of the network, when compared to the performance before the protocol implementation.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in buildings are faced with transmission issues, much more severe than those of outdoor applications. Next to the transmission effective range, battery lifetime is also of a high importance, as it can sig-nificantly affect network performance and maintenance requirements. In this paper we present an architectural concept, in fact a dynamic routing protocol, for the setup of a building WSN. Three key goals have underpinned the protocol design; ability to cost efficiently address transmission distance within buildings, acceptable battery longevity, typically up to a year, and no data loss. Experimental data have been collected over a period of several months and have demonstrated the much enhanced performance of the network, when compared to the performance before the protocol implementation.
Meeting the Challenges for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment in Buildings
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130101.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Costas Daskalakis
Nikos Sakkas
Maria Kouveletsou
Meeting the Challenges for Wireless Sensor Network Deployment in Buildings
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Energy-Efficient in Wireless Sensor Networks using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Approach
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130102.11
Extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor networks remains one of the prominent research topics in recent years. Clustering has been proven to be energy-efficient in sensor networks since data routing and relaying are only operated by cluster heads. The present paper focuses on proposing two algorithms. In the former nodes organize themselves into clusters using fuzzy c-means (FCM) mechanism then a randomly node chooses itself cluster head in each cluster since initially all nodes have the same amount of power. Then the node having the higher residual energy elects itself cluster head. All non-cluster head nodes transmit sensed data to the cluster head. This latter performs data aggregation and transmits the data directly to the remote base station. The second algorithm which is a improvement of the former uses the same principle in forming clusters and electing cluster heads but operates in multi-hop manner when it routes data from cluster heads to the base station. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms improve energy consumption and consequently resulting in an extension of the network lifetime. In addition, the second algorithm proves its ability to be applied in large-scale wireless sensor networks.
Extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor networks remains one of the prominent research topics in recent years. Clustering has been proven to be energy-efficient in sensor networks since data routing and relaying are only operated by cluster heads. The present paper focuses on proposing two algorithms. In the former nodes organize themselves into clusters using fuzzy c-means (FCM) mechanism then a randomly node chooses itself cluster head in each cluster since initially all nodes have the same amount of power. Then the node having the higher residual energy elects itself cluster head. All non-cluster head nodes transmit sensed data to the cluster head. This latter performs data aggregation and transmits the data directly to the remote base station. The second algorithm which is a improvement of the former uses the same principle in forming clusters and electing cluster heads but operates in multi-hop manner when it routes data from cluster heads to the base station. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms improve energy consumption and consequently resulting in an extension of the network lifetime. In addition, the second algorithm proves its ability to be applied in large-scale wireless sensor networks.
Energy-Efficient in Wireless Sensor Networks using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Approach
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130102.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mourad Hadjila
Hervé Guyennet
Mohammed Feham
Energy-Efficient in Wireless Sensor Networks using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Approach
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130102.11
© Science Publishing Group
Nanostructured Light Guide Sensors of the Solvents’ Vapors in Atmosphere
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130103.11
Chemical sensors of solvents’ vapors based on different light guides (integrated- and fiber-optics) were designed and tested.The vapor sensitive substances were introduced into nano-scale porous outer layers of the light guide substrate/core. A substrate/core material used was phase separated silicate glass or polyester polymer.
Chemical sensors of solvents’ vapors based on different light guides (integrated- and fiber-optics) were designed and tested.The vapor sensitive substances were introduced into nano-scale porous outer layers of the light guide substrate/core. A substrate/core material used was phase separated silicate glass or polyester polymer.
Nanostructured Light Guide Sensors of the Solvents’ Vapors in Atmosphere
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130103.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Alexander Novikov
Nanostructured Light Guide Sensors of the Solvents’ Vapors in Atmosphere
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© Science Publishing Group
A Web-based Remote Indoor Climate Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130103.12
This paper presents the design and implementation of a web-based wireless indoor climate control system. The user interface of the system is implemented as a web service. People can login to the website and remotely control the indoor climate of different locations. A wireless sensor network is deployed in each location to execute control commands. A gateway is implemented to synchronize the information between the wireless sensor network and the web service. The gateway software also includes scheduling function and different control algorithms to improve the control result. Additionally, the system security and availability are highly considered in this system. The gateway software implements a warning function which sends warning messages when emergency happens. Finally, the whole wireless control system architecture is modularly designed. It is easy to add different control applications or different control algorithms into the system.
This paper presents the design and implementation of a web-based wireless indoor climate control system. The user interface of the system is implemented as a web service. People can login to the website and remotely control the indoor climate of different locations. A wireless sensor network is deployed in each location to execute control commands. A gateway is implemented to synchronize the information between the wireless sensor network and the web service. The gateway software also includes scheduling function and different control algorithms to improve the control result. Additionally, the system security and availability are highly considered in this system. The gateway software implements a warning function which sends warning messages when emergency happens. Finally, the whole wireless control system architecture is modularly designed. It is easy to add different control applications or different control algorithms into the system.
A Web-based Remote Indoor Climate Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130103.12
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Jingcheng Zhang
Allan Huynh
Patrik Huss
Qin-Zhong Ye
Shaofang Gong
A Web-based Remote Indoor Climate Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network
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© Science Publishing Group
Frequency Measuring Transducers Based on the Piezoresonance Oscillator Systems with External MEMS Control
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The paper represents the mathematical model of piezoresonance oscillator system (POS), which consists of high- quality element- quartz resonator (QR), the element of connection and low- quality loading. Based on analyses of main characteristics of POS in the system of MatLab, the conditions of minimization of negative impact of low- quality loading onto personal characteristics of QR are defined. The new class of frequency- compensated piezoresonance oscillation systems (FCPOS) based on the systems of automated frequency control (AFC) is proposed. On the example of measuring transducer of humidity of the discrete substances, the peculiarities of building and optimization of characteristics of primary measuring transducers (PMT) “physical parameter- frequency” based on FCPOS are studied. The possibility of increasing the linearity of converting of PMT of present type by means of applying matrix MEMS- transducers, which allows realizing the multi- level mode of control over the elements of connections of FCPOS, is shown.
The paper represents the mathematical model of piezoresonance oscillator system (POS), which consists of high- quality element- quartz resonator (QR), the element of connection and low- quality loading. Based on analyses of main characteristics of POS in the system of MatLab, the conditions of minimization of negative impact of low- quality loading onto personal characteristics of QR are defined. The new class of frequency- compensated piezoresonance oscillation systems (FCPOS) based on the systems of automated frequency control (AFC) is proposed. On the example of measuring transducer of humidity of the discrete substances, the peculiarities of building and optimization of characteristics of primary measuring transducers (PMT) “physical parameter- frequency” based on FCPOS are studied. The possibility of increasing the linearity of converting of PMT of present type by means of applying matrix MEMS- transducers, which allows realizing the multi- level mode of control over the elements of connections of FCPOS, is shown.
Frequency Measuring Transducers Based on the Piezoresonance Oscillator Systems with External MEMS Control
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130104.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Alla Taranchuk
Sergey Pidchenko
Frequency Measuring Transducers Based on the Piezoresonance Oscillator Systems with External MEMS Control
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© Science Publishing Group
On the Embedded Intelligent Remote Monitoring and Control System of Workshop Based on Wireless Sensor Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.11
The embedded intelligent remote monitoring and control system of workshop based on wireless sensor networks sets the sensor technology, embedded technology, network communication technology, data processing technology, Beidou positioning technology, sensing information technology of image and weather, geographic information technology and remote sensing technology in one, forming a digital information management system that can provide a full range of electronic remote monitoring and control for the workshop. Its wireless sensor network is a self-organizing network that is constructed from a large number of sensor nodes, which sets such three technologies of sensor, micro-electromechanical system and network in one, taking the perception, collection and processing of the information of the perceive objects in the network coverage as its aim and transfering it to data processing center to provide a basis for the remote monitoring and control of the workshop. This embedded intelligent remote monitoring and control system of workshop has many advantages: high safety, low cost, intelligence, timely alarm, energy conservation, good real-time control, wide monitoring range, strong adaptability, and so on. This monitoring system can be applied to not only plant monitoring but also other fields, such as environmental monitoring, industrial control, intelligent city, intelligent home, etc, so it has important practical significance and valuable practical value for exerting network advantage and making artificial intelligence promote social progress.
The embedded intelligent remote monitoring and control system of workshop based on wireless sensor networks sets the sensor technology, embedded technology, network communication technology, data processing technology, Beidou positioning technology, sensing information technology of image and weather, geographic information technology and remote sensing technology in one, forming a digital information management system that can provide a full range of electronic remote monitoring and control for the workshop. Its wireless sensor network is a self-organizing network that is constructed from a large number of sensor nodes, which sets such three technologies of sensor, micro-electromechanical system and network in one, taking the perception, collection and processing of the information of the perceive objects in the network coverage as its aim and transfering it to data processing center to provide a basis for the remote monitoring and control of the workshop. This embedded intelligent remote monitoring and control system of workshop has many advantages: high safety, low cost, intelligence, timely alarm, energy conservation, good real-time control, wide monitoring range, strong adaptability, and so on. This monitoring system can be applied to not only plant monitoring but also other fields, such as environmental monitoring, industrial control, intelligent city, intelligent home, etc, so it has important practical significance and valuable practical value for exerting network advantage and making artificial intelligence promote social progress.
On the Embedded Intelligent Remote Monitoring and Control System of Workshop Based on Wireless Sensor Networks
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
YUE Xiangyu
On the Embedded Intelligent Remote Monitoring and Control System of Workshop Based on Wireless Sensor Networks
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© Science Publishing Group
Differentiated Service for Smart Grid Neighbourhood Area Networks via Optimal Resource Allocation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.12
Smart grid is a modern electric system which uses advanced information and communication technologies to improve efficiency, reliability, and safety in electric power distribution and management. Smart grid communication architecture is typically comprised of three interconnected networks: Wide Area Network (WAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN), and Home Area Network (HAN). This paper studies the resource allocation problem for NAN. Specifically, we propose an optimal resource allocation scheme to provide differentiated service, in terms of end-to-end delay, to different classes of traffic in the NAN. The resource allocation problem is formulated into a Linear Programming (LP) problem, which can be solved efficiently. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can provide a lower delay to the prioritized class by optimally allocating the resource at each node in the NAN.
Smart grid is a modern electric system which uses advanced information and communication technologies to improve efficiency, reliability, and safety in electric power distribution and management. Smart grid communication architecture is typically comprised of three interconnected networks: Wide Area Network (WAN), Neighborhood Area Network (NAN), and Home Area Network (HAN). This paper studies the resource allocation problem for NAN. Specifically, we propose an optimal resource allocation scheme to provide differentiated service, in terms of end-to-end delay, to different classes of traffic in the NAN. The resource allocation problem is formulated into a Linear Programming (LP) problem, which can be solved efficiently. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can provide a lower delay to the prioritized class by optimally allocating the resource at each node in the NAN.
Differentiated Service for Smart Grid Neighbourhood Area Networks via Optimal Resource Allocation
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.12
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Yifeng He
Mohammad Shams Yazdi
Differentiated Service for Smart Grid Neighbourhood Area Networks via Optimal Resource Allocation
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© Science Publishing Group
Energy Efficient and Trust Metric Based Routing Technique Using Collection Tree Protocol for WSNs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.13
In this paper, a readily deployable trust and energy-aware routing protocol is presented. A distributed trust management system incorporating direct and indirect trust information is used to detect and avoid malicious nodes performing routing attacks as well as attacks threatening the reputation exchange process. Also, the energy-awareness is relied upon to extend the network lifetime. Although, significant research effort has been spent on the design of trust models to detect malicious nodes based on direct and indirect evidence, this comes at the cost of additional energy consumption. In order to enhance the security of routing information between the nodes, energy efficient and trust metric based routing protocol using collection tree protocol (CTP) for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been proposed. Simulated results presented here indicate that the proposed protocol satisfactorily performs the routing and is strong against attacks by exploiting the replay of routing information.
In this paper, a readily deployable trust and energy-aware routing protocol is presented. A distributed trust management system incorporating direct and indirect trust information is used to detect and avoid malicious nodes performing routing attacks as well as attacks threatening the reputation exchange process. Also, the energy-awareness is relied upon to extend the network lifetime. Although, significant research effort has been spent on the design of trust models to detect malicious nodes based on direct and indirect evidence, this comes at the cost of additional energy consumption. In order to enhance the security of routing information between the nodes, energy efficient and trust metric based routing protocol using collection tree protocol (CTP) for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been proposed. Simulated results presented here indicate that the proposed protocol satisfactorily performs the routing and is strong against attacks by exploiting the replay of routing information.
Energy Efficient and Trust Metric Based Routing Technique Using Collection Tree Protocol for WSNs
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.13
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Pooja Kalidas Shinde
Veeresh Gangappa Kasabegoudar
Energy Efficient and Trust Metric Based Routing Technique Using Collection Tree Protocol for WSNs
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130105.13
© Science Publishing Group
Energy-Saving MAC Scheme with Dynamic Transmission Thresholds for Body Sensor Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20130106.11
Body sensor network offers a real-time remote monitoring of patients with minimum cost to the health care system. It gathers health parameters by wireless nodes attached on the body or implanted inside the body and relay the information to a medical application. The power source in BSN like any other mobile system is the major concern. The power source recharge is very difficult and inconvenient in most cases. Energy saving is critical to prolong the network lifetime. This work targets the expansion of network lifetime with a context-aware dynamic transmission scheme. Our proposed scheme reduces data transmission by a status awareness definition. We used another energy saving scheme called burst communications to compare methods. Burst communication reduces MAC overhead by a less number of headers for the same data. The simulation results show up to 90 percent reduction in transmission energy especially in high traffic generator nodes.
Body sensor network offers a real-time remote monitoring of patients with minimum cost to the health care system. It gathers health parameters by wireless nodes attached on the body or implanted inside the body and relay the information to a medical application. The power source in BSN like any other mobile system is the major concern. The power source recharge is very difficult and inconvenient in most cases. Energy saving is critical to prolong the network lifetime. This work targets the expansion of network lifetime with a context-aware dynamic transmission scheme. Our proposed scheme reduces data transmission by a status awareness definition. We used another energy saving scheme called burst communications to compare methods. Burst communication reduces MAC overhead by a less number of headers for the same data. The simulation results show up to 90 percent reduction in transmission energy especially in high traffic generator nodes.
Energy-Saving MAC Scheme with Dynamic Transmission Thresholds for Body Sensor Networks
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20130106.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Seyed Mahdi Shahrokhi
Yifeng He
Energy-Saving MAC Scheme with Dynamic Transmission Thresholds for Body Sensor Networks
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijssn.20130106.11
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© Science Publishing Group
Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140201.11
WSN is one of the most commonly communication tools used in many areas at the life, in both civilians and militaries. These networks composite from a large number of very small devices called sensor nodes. The sensor nodes communicate together by many wirelessly strategies. These communication strategies administrated by routing protocols. There are different types of routing protocol. This paper present and classify these protocols into many categories depending on set of metrics like their infrastructure, their functionalities, the level of privacy and security, or the application which used for it. This paper studied the availability and the reliability of each class of these routing protocols, and the energy consumption of each protocols. Depending on these criteria and other criteria, any future works may use this study to improving these protocols and used them in another types of networks.
WSN is one of the most commonly communication tools used in many areas at the life, in both civilians and militaries. These networks composite from a large number of very small devices called sensor nodes. The sensor nodes communicate together by many wirelessly strategies. These communication strategies administrated by routing protocols. There are different types of routing protocol. This paper present and classify these protocols into many categories depending on set of metrics like their infrastructure, their functionalities, the level of privacy and security, or the application which used for it. This paper studied the availability and the reliability of each class of these routing protocols, and the energy consumption of each protocols. Depending on these criteria and other criteria, any future works may use this study to improving these protocols and used them in another types of networks.
Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140201.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Hussein Mohammed Salman
Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
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© Science Publishing Group
An Evaluation Study of Leach Protocol under Different Scenarios
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140201.12
This paper proposes a methodology for performance evaluation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocols. The methodology is simulation based and it considers the life time of the network (both the number of rounds before the death of the first node and the number of rounds before the death of the last node), the residual energy and the energy of the energy dissipation. The methodology was tested using LEACH protocol
This paper proposes a methodology for performance evaluation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocols. The methodology is simulation based and it considers the life time of the network (both the number of rounds before the death of the first node and the number of rounds before the death of the last node), the residual energy and the energy of the energy dissipation. The methodology was tested using LEACH protocol
An Evaluation Study of Leach Protocol under Different Scenarios
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140201.12
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-04-18
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammed Almeer
Ivica Kostanic
An Evaluation Study of Leach Protocol under Different Scenarios
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2014-04-18
10.11648/j.ijssn.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Comparative Performance of Forwarding Protocols Based on Detection Probability and Search Angle in a Multi-hop CDMA Wireless Sensor Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140202.11
Energy conservation is one of the most important issues in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, where nodes are likely to rely on limited battery power. Many new algorithms have been proposed for the problem of routing data in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a new forwarding technique where nodes are placed in a random fashion maintaining a minimum distance between any two nodes and study its performance on a multi-hop CDMA wireless sensor network (WSN). a new routing protocol where selection of intermediate node is based on a metric combining detection probability and maximum forwarding distance towards the sink is proposed to reduce retransmissions in a wireless channel impaired by path loss and shadow fading. We provide a detail description of the routing scheme based on the proposed concept and report on its energy and latency performance using end-to-end ARQ between source and final destination. Performance of this scheme is compared with an existing search angle based protocol, called nearest neighbor based forwarding, where an intermediate node in the route selects the nearest node within a sector angle, considered as search angle, towards the direction of the destination as the next hop. Lifetime of network in both cases is compared. Further, all parameters are estimated by incorporating error control scheme as applicable to WSN and compared with simple ARQ scheme. A solution for packet size optimization is introduced such that the effect of multi hop routing by varying different parameters are captured. Optimization solution is formalized by using different objective functions, i.e., packet throughput, energy efficiency, and resource utilization.
Energy conservation is one of the most important issues in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, where nodes are likely to rely on limited battery power. Many new algorithms have been proposed for the problem of routing data in sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a new forwarding technique where nodes are placed in a random fashion maintaining a minimum distance between any two nodes and study its performance on a multi-hop CDMA wireless sensor network (WSN). a new routing protocol where selection of intermediate node is based on a metric combining detection probability and maximum forwarding distance towards the sink is proposed to reduce retransmissions in a wireless channel impaired by path loss and shadow fading. We provide a detail description of the routing scheme based on the proposed concept and report on its energy and latency performance using end-to-end ARQ between source and final destination. Performance of this scheme is compared with an existing search angle based protocol, called nearest neighbor based forwarding, where an intermediate node in the route selects the nearest node within a sector angle, considered as search angle, towards the direction of the destination as the next hop. Lifetime of network in both cases is compared. Further, all parameters are estimated by incorporating error control scheme as applicable to WSN and compared with simple ARQ scheme. A solution for packet size optimization is introduced such that the effect of multi hop routing by varying different parameters are captured. Optimization solution is formalized by using different objective functions, i.e., packet throughput, energy efficiency, and resource utilization.
Comparative Performance of Forwarding Protocols Based on Detection Probability and Search Angle in a Multi-hop CDMA Wireless Sensor Networks
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140202.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-06-23
© Science Publishing Group
Uma Datta
Sumit Kundu
Comparative Performance of Forwarding Protocols Based on Detection Probability and Search Angle in a Multi-hop CDMA Wireless Sensor Networks
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2014-06-23
10.11648/j.ijssn.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (ED-LEACH)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140203.11
This paper presents a new version of leach protocol called “ED-LEACH” which aims to conserve energy considering BS distance and central distance of cluster by the passage of time. Compared to leach protocol, ED-LEACH has more longevity. The researcher evaluates both LEACH and ED-LEACH in Matlab. Results proves that energy consumption decreases about 20% Moreover in protocol of wireless sensor the first node lasts 6 times longer than leach protocol.
This paper presents a new version of leach protocol called “ED-LEACH” which aims to conserve energy considering BS distance and central distance of cluster by the passage of time. Compared to leach protocol, ED-LEACH has more longevity. The researcher evaluates both LEACH and ED-LEACH in Matlab. Results proves that energy consumption decreases about 20% Moreover in protocol of wireless sensor the first node lasts 6 times longer than leach protocol.
Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (ED-LEACH)
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140203.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-08-21
© Science Publishing Group
Elnaz Shafigh Fard
Mohammad H. Nadimi
Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (ED-LEACH)
2
3
30
30
2014-08-21
2014-08-21
10.11648/j.ijssn.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
Estimation of Errors Caused by Spherical Approximation of Earth Shape in Radio Emitters Position Fixing Process Using Direction Finding
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.11
Accuracy improving of radio emitter position fixing is sufficient in the field of radiomonitoring, communication intelligence, radionavigation and radiogeodesy. This paper represents results of errors estimation in radio emitter position fixing process applying spherical approximation of the Earth surface obtained by means of numerical simulation. Study of values of these errors was paid little attention in scientific literature. Besides that there are no indications as for development and implementation of algorithms accounting for Earth spheroid shape. In presented article it is shown that for improving accuracy of position fixing on spreading radio paths it is necessary to take into consideration Earth surface shape. Realization of position fixing algorithms accounting earth spheroid shape revealed their high efficiency in real RDF networks. Software realizing these algorithms is implemented in several production prototypes of RDF networks.
Accuracy improving of radio emitter position fixing is sufficient in the field of radiomonitoring, communication intelligence, radionavigation and radiogeodesy. This paper represents results of errors estimation in radio emitter position fixing process applying spherical approximation of the Earth surface obtained by means of numerical simulation. Study of values of these errors was paid little attention in scientific literature. Besides that there are no indications as for development and implementation of algorithms accounting for Earth spheroid shape. In presented article it is shown that for improving accuracy of position fixing on spreading radio paths it is necessary to take into consideration Earth surface shape. Realization of position fixing algorithms accounting earth spheroid shape revealed their high efficiency in real RDF networks. Software realizing these algorithms is implemented in several production prototypes of RDF networks.
Estimation of Errors Caused by Spherical Approximation of Earth Shape in Radio Emitters Position Fixing Process Using Direction Finding
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-09-23
© Science Publishing Group
Viacheslav Volodymyrovych Kalugin
Anatoliy Heorhievych Kochergin
Olexandr Volodymyrovych Chebotov
Estimation of Errors Caused by Spherical Approximation of Earth Shape in Radio Emitters Position Fixing Process Using Direction Finding
2
4
36
36
2014-09-23
2014-09-23
10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Minimizing Power Consumption through Swinging Power Mode in Wireless Sensor Networks
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.12
Wireless Sensor Networks have predefined objectives which require them to connect and communicate with other nodes. During communication these nodes transmit and receive data and other control packets. This paper proposes Swing-MAC, a Medium Access Control protocol for energy efficiency designed for wireless sensor networks. It adjusts transmission power level in a swinging mode where transmission power level keeps swinging between minimum and maximum requirement of the network. Minimum and maximum transmission power level is based on the expected coverage between nodes. As transmission power keeps swinging between two intervals on cyclic basis this leads to energy conservation resulting in a longer battery life. Simulation results show that Swing-MAC obtains significant energy savings compared with 802.11 MAC without sleeping.
Wireless Sensor Networks have predefined objectives which require them to connect and communicate with other nodes. During communication these nodes transmit and receive data and other control packets. This paper proposes Swing-MAC, a Medium Access Control protocol for energy efficiency designed for wireless sensor networks. It adjusts transmission power level in a swinging mode where transmission power level keeps swinging between minimum and maximum requirement of the network. Minimum and maximum transmission power level is based on the expected coverage between nodes. As transmission power keeps swinging between two intervals on cyclic basis this leads to energy conservation resulting in a longer battery life. Simulation results show that Swing-MAC obtains significant energy savings compared with 802.11 MAC without sleeping.
Minimizing Power Consumption through Swinging Power Mode in Wireless Sensor Networks
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.12
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-10-30
© Science Publishing Group
Harish Kumar
Prashant Singh
Jai Prakash Gupta
Minimizing Power Consumption through Swinging Power Mode in Wireless Sensor Networks
2
4
41
41
2014-10-30
2014-10-30
10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
Implementation of Capacitive Touch Sensing Safety System for Electric Adjustable Beds
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140205.11
Electric adjustable beds may be dangerous if used without good and effective safety system. Many safety solutions were developed, but none of them can provide a complete protection against injuries. We have developed a new protection system for electric adjustable beds to ensure the safety of the users and their pet animals when using these beds. This safety system applies capacitive touch sensing technique on all metal parts of the bed base in addition to the perimeter of the bed frame to stop the bed if a human or an animal touches these parts. Enabling capacitive touch sensing on this large metal surface besides manufacturing constrains, is a challenging problem. This paper addresses the design of this embedded safety system and illustrates solution of the problems associated with implementing capacitive touch sensing technique in electric adjustable beds.
Electric adjustable beds may be dangerous if used without good and effective safety system. Many safety solutions were developed, but none of them can provide a complete protection against injuries. We have developed a new protection system for electric adjustable beds to ensure the safety of the users and their pet animals when using these beds. This safety system applies capacitive touch sensing technique on all metal parts of the bed base in addition to the perimeter of the bed frame to stop the bed if a human or an animal touches these parts. Enabling capacitive touch sensing on this large metal surface besides manufacturing constrains, is a challenging problem. This paper addresses the design of this embedded safety system and illustrates solution of the problems associated with implementing capacitive touch sensing technique in electric adjustable beds.
Implementation of Capacitive Touch Sensing Safety System for Electric Adjustable Beds
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20140205.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-12-19
© Science Publishing Group
Mohamed M. El Rayes
Tamer M. Nassef
Implementation of Capacitive Touch Sensing Safety System for Electric Adjustable Beds
2
5
47
47
2014-12-19
2014-12-19
10.11648/j.ijssn.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
An IEEE 1451.0-based Platform-Independent TEDS Creator using Open Source Software Components
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20150301.11
This paper introduces a Graphical User Interface supported and platform-independent application to generate a Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) based on the IEEE 1451.0 standard using Python programming language. Compared to other TEDS application development efforts, this application provides a help system that improves the usability as it requires little familiarity with the IEEE 1451 standard. It is built on the Hierarchical Model-View-Controller software design architecture to improve reusability and modularity, it is platform agnostic, light-weight and easy to install, it produces both binary and Text-based TEDS, supports a large array of physical units used in the hydrology field and also incorporates sensor data management provision. We have used the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc.’s Observations Data Model (CUAHSI ODM) as a test case to demonstrate how backend demands on data management can be incorporated in front end applications such as the TEDS. We have tested the results of our application with examples provided in the IEEE 1451.0 documentation, and both results show agreement.
This paper introduces a Graphical User Interface supported and platform-independent application to generate a Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) based on the IEEE 1451.0 standard using Python programming language. Compared to other TEDS application development efforts, this application provides a help system that improves the usability as it requires little familiarity with the IEEE 1451 standard. It is built on the Hierarchical Model-View-Controller software design architecture to improve reusability and modularity, it is platform agnostic, light-weight and easy to install, it produces both binary and Text-based TEDS, supports a large array of physical units used in the hydrology field and also incorporates sensor data management provision. We have used the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc.’s Observations Data Model (CUAHSI ODM) as a test case to demonstrate how backend demands on data management can be incorporated in front end applications such as the TEDS. We have tested the results of our application with examples provided in the IEEE 1451.0 documentation, and both results show agreement.
An IEEE 1451.0-based Platform-Independent TEDS Creator using Open Source Software Components
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.20150301.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2015-03-21
© Science Publishing Group
Paul Celicourt
Michael Piasecki
An IEEE 1451.0-based Platform-Independent TEDS Creator using Open Source Software Components
3
1
11
11
2015-03-21
2015-03-21
10.11648/j.ijssn.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks through RoF-MIMO Technologies
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.s.2015030101.11
Recently, smart grid networks are researched and developed for the greening of the energy consumption. When introducing these into the university or the community, it is required not only the wide area cooperation and the high-speed monitoring & control, but also the construction of the heterogeneous infrastructure with the security and the flexibility. In this paper, recent research on the Radio on Fiber (RoF) technologies are described, and the technology application to the university and/or community smart grid is suggested. And also it is proposed the wide area remote connection of heterogeneous cognitive radio networks by RoF-MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technologies. Network throughput and the network outage rate using various types of RoF-MIMO systems are calculated and compared. And it is shown that the distributed parallel RoF-MIMO can improve the throughput and the outage performance simultaneously. Prototyping Experiment is also conducted in the faculty building and confirms that the network outage is improved by the distributed parallel RoF-MIMO.
Recently, smart grid networks are researched and developed for the greening of the energy consumption. When introducing these into the university or the community, it is required not only the wide area cooperation and the high-speed monitoring & control, but also the construction of the heterogeneous infrastructure with the security and the flexibility. In this paper, recent research on the Radio on Fiber (RoF) technologies are described, and the technology application to the university and/or community smart grid is suggested. And also it is proposed the wide area remote connection of heterogeneous cognitive radio networks by RoF-MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technologies. Network throughput and the network outage rate using various types of RoF-MIMO systems are calculated and compared. And it is shown that the distributed parallel RoF-MIMO can improve the throughput and the outage performance simultaneously. Prototyping Experiment is also conducted in the faculty building and confirms that the network outage is improved by the distributed parallel RoF-MIMO.
Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks through RoF-MIMO Technologies
doi:10.11648/j.ijssn.s.2015030101.11
International Journal of Sensors and Sensor Networks
2014-11-29
© Science Publishing Group
Shozo Komaki
Sevia M. Idrus
Toshio Wakabayashi
A. K. M. Muzahidul Islam
Sabariah Baharun
Wan Haslina Hassan
Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks through RoF-MIMO Technologies
3
1
10
10
2014-11-29
2014-11-29
10.11648/j.ijssn.s.2015030101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=130&doi=10.11648/j.ijssn.s.2015030101.11
© Science Publishing Group